p035.htm
• A Practical Sanskrikt Dictionary,
by A. A. Macdonell, 1893,
http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MDScan/index.php?sfx=jpg;
1929.
-
Nataraj ed., 1st in 2006, 2012.
-
https://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/macdonell/ 190516
• The Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Grammar and
Dictionary, BHS, vol.2, by F. Edgerton,
pp. 627.
-
FEdgerton-BHSD<Ô> /
Bkp<Ô> (link chk 180627)
• The Student's Pali English dictionary ,
by U Pe Maung Tin, 1920.
- (ref: UPMT-PEDxxx).
Downloaded copies in TIL
HD-PDF and SD-PDF libraries:
-
UPMT-PaliDict1920<Ô> /
bkp<Ô> (link chk 190113)
• Pali-Myanmar Dictionary
(in Pal-Myan), by U Hoke Sein,
- (ref: UHS-PMD). The dictionary in printed form is in TIL Research Library.
• Latin-English Vocabulary II, by Hans H Ørberg, 1998
-
HHOrberg-LinguaLatina<Ô> /
Bkp<Ô> (link
chk 190624)
Edited by U Kyaw Tun (UKT) (M.S., I.P.S.T., USA),
Daw Khin Wutyi, Daw Thuzar Myint, Daw Zinthiri Han
and staff of Tun Institute of Learning (TIL).
Not for sale. No copyright. Free for everyone.
Prepared for students and staff of TIL
Research Station, Yangon, MYANMAR
-
http://www.tuninst.net ,
www.romabama.blogspot.com
MC-indx.htm |
Top
MCpp-indx.htm
Sanskrit dental-fricatives
subgroup - cont
{a.þi.}
- cont
p035c1
{a.þu.}
{a.þu}
p035c2
{a.þRi.}
: Skt-Dev Highly rhotic vowel
{a.þé}
{a.þau:}
{a.þau}
{a.Ska.} : Skt:
{Sa.} ष standing for Pal:
{þa.}
{a.Shka.}/{a.SKa.}
{a.Sta.}
p035c3
{a.Sna.}
{a.Spa.}
{a.Sma.}
{a.Sya.}
: uncharted waters
{a.Sra.}
/
{æþ~þa.ra.}
{a.Swa.}
/ 
{a.Sva.}/
{a.þa.wa.}
Orphan:
अस्र as-rá tear; blood; -pa, m. Râkshasa.
UKT notes :
See my note on
Sanskrit dental-fricatives
and their derivatives on p032.htm .
• Aspirated and Stop consonants
• Fricative consonants
• Sva-dharma
{þ~wa. Dûm~ma.}
{a.þi.}
- cont
p035c1-b00/ p035
• असित [ ¹. á-sita ]
- pp. unrestrained.
असित 1. á-sita unrestrained.
p035c1-b01/ p035
• असित [ ². ás-ita ]
- a. (â or -iknî) dark-coloured, black; m. N.:
-paksha, m. dark half of a
month; -pîtaka, a. (ikâ) dark yellow; -‿asman,
m. sapphire; -‿îkshana, a.
black-eyed; -‿utpala, n. blue lotus.
असित 2. ás-ita (â or -iknî)
dark-coloured, black; m. N.: -paksha, m. dark half of a month; -pîtaka, a. (ikâ)
dark yellow; -̮asman, m. sapphire; -̮îkshana, a. black-eyed; -̮utpala, n. blue
lotus.
p035c1-b02/ p035
• असिद्ध [ a-siddha ]
- pp. not established: -tva, n. inconclusiveness.
असिद्ध a-siddha
not established: -tva, n. inconclusiveness.
p035c1-b03/ p035
• असिद्धि
[ á-siddhi ]
= अ स ि द ् ध ि
- f. non-attainment, failure;
inconclusiveness.
असिद्धि á-siddhi
non-attainment, failure; inconclusiveness.
p035c1-b04
• [asi-dhara]
- m. N.
p035c1-b05/ p035
• असिधारा [ asi-dhârâ ]
- f. sword-blade: -vrata, n. vow of lying with a sword between oneself
and a woman = excessively difficult under taking; -dhenu, -kâ, f. knife.
असिधारा
asi-dhârâ sword-blade: -vrata, n. vow of lying with a sword
between oneself and a woman=excessively difficult
undertaking; -dhenu, -kâ, f. knife.
p035c1-b06/ p035
• असिन्व [ a-sinvá ]
- a. insatiable.
असिन्व a-sinvá
insatiable.
p035c1-b07/ p035
• असिपत्त्र [ asi-pattra ]
- n. sword-blade; m. a tree; -vana, n. a certain hell;
-putrikâ, f.
knife.
असिपत्त्र
asi-pattra sword-blade; m. a tree; -vana, n. a certain hell;
-putrikâ, f. knife.
( end of old p035-1.htm)
{a.þu.}
p035c1-b08/ p035
• असु [ ás-u ]
- m. breath, life, vitality; spirit world; vital spirits (pl. C.).
असु ás-u breath,
life, vitality; spiritworld; vital spirits (pl. C.).
p035c1-b09/ p035
• असुख [ a-sukha ]
- n. pain, sorrow; a. unpleasant; painful; unhappy; not easy to (inf.);
-gîvika, a. leading a joyless life; -‿âvishta,
pp. afflicted with grief.
असुख a-sukha
pain, sorrow; a. unpleasant; painful; unhappy; not easy to
(inf.); -gîvika, a. leading a joyless life; -̮âvishta, pp.
afflicted with grief.
p035c1-b10/ p035
• असुखिन्् [ a-sukh-in ]
- a. sad, unhappy.
असुखिन््
a-sukh-in sad, unhappy.
p035c1-b11/ p035
• असुतर [ a-su-tara ]
- a. difficult to cross.
असुतर a-su-tara
difficult to cross.
p035c1-b12/ p035
• असुतृप्् [ asu-tríp ]
- a. life-taking; (a-su-) insatiable.
असुतृप्् asu-tríp
life-taking; (a-su-) insatiable.
p035c1-b13/ p035
• असुनीति [ ásu-nîti ]
- f. spirit-life, spirit-world.
असुनीति ásu-nîti
spirit-life, spirit-world.
p035c1-b14/ p035
• असुन्दर [ a-sundara ]
- a. uncomely, ugly.
असुन्दर
a-sundara uncomely, ugly.
p035c1-b15/ p035
• असुबोध [ a-subodha ]
- a. hard to learn.
असुबोध a-subodha
hard to learn.
p035c1-b16/ p035
• असुर [ ásu-ra ]
- a. living, spiritual, divine; m. spirit, Lord God; evil spirit, demon,
Asura: -tvá, n. spirituality, divinity; state of an Asura.
असुर ásu-ra
living, spiritual, divine; m. spirit, Lord God; evil spirit,
demon, Asura: -tvá, n. spirituality, divinity; state of an
Asura.
p035c1-b17/ p035
• असुरक्ष [ a-su-raksha ]
- a. difficult to guard.
असुरक्ष
a-su-raksha difficult to guard.
p035c1-b18/ p035
• असुरद्रुह्् [ asura-druh ]
- m. foe of Asuras, god; -brahmá, m. priest of the Asuras.
असुरद्रुह््
asura-druh foe of Asuras, god; -brahmá, m. priest of the
Asuras.
p035c1-b19/ p035
• असुरभि [ a-surabhi ]
- a. ill-smelling.
असुरभि a-surabhi
ill-smelling.
p035c1-b20/ p035
• असुररक्षस [ asura-rakshasá ]
- n. pl. Asuras & Râkshasas; -hán, a. (-ghn&isharp;) Asura-killing;
-‿adhipa, m. king of the Asuras; -‿ari, m. foe of the Asuras (Vishnu).
असुररक्षस
asura-rakshasá Asuras & Râkshasas; -hán, a. (-ghnî)
Asura-killing; -̮adhipa, m. king of the Asuras; -̮ari, m.
foe of the Asuras (Vishnu).
p035c1-b21/ p035
• असुर्य [ asuryã ]
- a. spiritual, divine, demoniac; n. spirituality, divinity; world of
spirits or gods.
असुर्य asuryã
spiritual, divine, demoniac; n. spirituality, divinity;
world of spirits or gods.
p035c1-b22/ p035
• असुलभ [ a-sulabha ]
- a. hard to obtain; rare: -tva, n. abst. ɴ.
असुलभ a-sulabha
hard to obtain; rare: -tva, n. abst. n.
p035c1-b23/ p035
• असुष्वि [ á-sushvi ]
- a. not Soma-pressing, niggardly.
असुष्वि á-sushvi
not Soma-pressing, niggardly.
p035c1-b24/ p035
• असुसू [ asu-sû ]
- m. arrow.
असुसू asu-sû
arrow.
p035c1-b25/ p035
• असुस्थ [ a-sustha ]
- a. unwell: -sarîra, a. ill.
असुस्थ a-sustha
unwell: -sarîra, a. ill.
p035c1-b26/ p035
• असुस्थिरादर [ asu-sthira‿âdara ]
- a. always anxious about his life.
असुस्थिरादर
asu-sthira̮âdara always anxious about his life.
p035c1-b27/ p035
• असुहृद [ a-suhrid ]
- m. no friend; a. friendless.
असुहृद a-suhrid
no friend; a. friendless.
p035c1-b28/ p035
• असुहृद्गण [ asuhrid-gana ]
- m. party of strangers.
असुहृद्गण asuhrid-gana
party of strangers.
{a.þu}
p035c1-b29/ p035
• असूचीसंचार [ a-sûkî-samkâra ]
- a. impenetrable even to a needle.
असूचीसंचार a-sûkî-samkâra
impenetrable even to a needle.
p035c1-b30/ p035
• असूति [ a-sûti ]
- f. not arising, non-appearance.
असूति a-sûti not
arising, non-appearance.
p035c1-b31/ p035
• असूय [ ¹. asûya ]
- den. grumble, be angry at (ac., d.); cs. asûyaya, P. irritate.
असूय 1. asûya
grumble, be angry at (ac., d.); cs. asûyaya, P. irritate.
p035c1-b32/ p035
• असूय [ ². asûya ]
- a. grumbling, angry: â, f. grumbling, displeasure, anger, grudge:
-ka,
a. grumbling, angry, grudging.
असूय 2. asûya
grumbling, angry: â, f. grumbling, displeasure, anger,
grudge: -ka, a. grumbling, angry, grudging.
p035c1-b33/ p035
• असूर्य [ a-sûryá ]
- a. sunless: -ga, a. not moving towards the sun.
असूर्य a-sûryá
sunless: -ga, a. not moving towards the sun.
{a.þRi.}
: Skt-Dev Highly rhotic vowel
p035c2-b00/ p035
• असृक्पङ्कपेषम्् [ asrik-paṅka-pesham ]
- abs.w. √pish, pound to a bloody pulp; -pâta, m. track of blood;
flow of blood.
असृक्पङ्कपेषम््
asrik-paṅka-pesham √pish, pound to a bloody pulp;
-pâta, m. track of blood; flow of blood.
p035c2-b01/ p035
• असृग्धारा [ asrig-dhârâ ]
- f. stream of blood.
असृग्धारा asrig-dhârâ
stream of blood.
p035c2-b02/ p035
• असृङ्मय [ asriṅ-maya ]
- a. (î) consisting of blood.
असृङ्मय asriṅ-maya
(î) consisting of blood.
p035c2-b03/ p035
• [ás-rig ]
- n. blood, gore
( end of p035-2.htm)
{a.þé}
p035c2-b04/ p035
• असेन्य [ a-senyá ]
- a. not hitting or wounding.
असेन्य a-senyá
not hitting or wounding.
p035c2-b05/ p035
• असेवक [ a-sevaka ]
- m. no servant, indifferent servant.
असेवक a-sevaka
no servant, indifferent servant.
p035c2-b06/ p035
• असेवा [ a-sev-â ]
- f. non-addiction; -ita, pp. not frequented: -‿îsvara-dvâra,
a. not waiting at grandees' doors.
असेवा a-sev-â
non-addiction; -ita, pp. not frequented: -̮îsvara-dvâra, a.
not waiting at grandees' doors.
{a.þau:}
p035c2-b07/ p035
• असोढ [ a-sodha ]
- pp. (√sah) unconquerable.
असोढ a-sodha
(√sah) unconquerable.
p035c2-b08/ p035
• असोम [ a-soma ]
-->
{a.þau:ma.}
Skt: असोम
[ a-soma]
- a. lacking Soma juice. -- Mac035c2
असोम a-soma
lacking Soma juice.
*BPal:
{a.þau:ma.} - UHS-PMD1073
UKT from UHS: m. Moon, Moon-déva
UKT 140808: UHS-PMD1073 gives the word
{a.þau}
p035c2-b09/ p035
• असौ [ a-s-aú ]
- prn. m. f. of ad-ás, that; he, she; so and so, M. or N.; as such
(emphatic); with eva, the same.
असौ a-s-aú
ad-ás, that; he, she; so and so, M. or N.; as such
(emphatic); with eva, the same.
p035c2-b10
• [asau-nâman]
- a. having such & such a name.
p035c2-b11/ p035
• असौभाग्य [ a-saubhâgya ]
- n. unpopularity.
असौभाग्य
a-saubhâgya unpopularity.
p035c2-b12/ p035
• असौवर्ण
[ a-sauvarna ]
- a. not golden.
असौवर्ण a-sauvarna
not golden.
( end of old p035-3.htm)
{a.Ska.} : Skt:
{Sa.} ष standing for Pal:
{þa.}
UKT 150421: Because of Skt:
{æþ~þa} whenever you see Skt:
{S~}. In UHS PMD pages 0150-0153, there are many entries on Pal:
p035c2-b13/ p035
• अस्कन्न
[ á-skanna ]
= अ स ् क न ् न
- pp. not sprinkled; un-impregnated, immaculate.
अस्कन्न á-skanna
not sprinkled; unimpregnated, immaculate.
{a.Shka.}/{a.SKa.}
p035c2-b14/ p035
• अस्खलित [ a-skhalita ]
- pp. not stumbling; uninterrupted, unhindered; n. not coming to a
standstill; -kakra, a. w. unimpeded chariot; -pada,
a. where the foot does not
stumble; safe; -prayâna, a. with unfaltering march.
अस्खलित
a-skhalita not stumbling; uninterrupted, unhindered; n. not
coming to a standstill; -kakra, a. w. unimpeded chariot;
-pada, a. where the foot does not stumble; safe; -prayâna,
a. with unfaltering march.
{a.Sta.}
p035c2-b15/ p035
• अस्त
[ ás-ta ]
= अ स ् त
- n. home, abode; setting; mythical
western mountain behind which sun and moon set:
-m, ad. home, with verbs of going = set
(stars, sun, moon); go to rest; die.
अस्त ás-ta home,
abode; setting; mythical western mountain behind which sun
and moon set: -m, ad. home, with verbs of going= set (stars,
sun, moon); go to rest; die.
p035c2-b16/ p035
• अस्तंयत् [ astam-yat ]
- pr. pt. setting.
अस्तंयत् astam-yat
setting.
p035c2-b17/ p035
• अस्तगिरि [ asta-giri ]
- m. sunset-mountain.
अस्तगिरि
asta-giri sunset-mountain.
p035c2-b18/ p035
• अस्तंगत [ astam-gata ]
- pp. set; -gamita, pp. caused to set, destroyed.
अस्तंगत astam-gata
set; -gamita, pp. caused to set, destroyed.
p035c2-b19/ p035
• अस्तब्ध [ a-stabdha ]
- pp. agile, active; unpretentious: -tva, n. unpretentiousness.
अस्तब्ध
a-stabdha agile, active; unpretentious: -tva, n.
unpretentiousness.
p035c2-b20/ p035
• अस्तमय [ astam-aya ]
- m. sunset; disappearance; -ita, pp. having set, gone to rest, died: lc.
(sc. sûrye) after sunset.
अस्तमय astam-aya
sunset; disappearance; -ita, pp. having set, gone to rest,
died: lc. (sc. sûrye) after sunset.
p035c2-b21/ p035
• अस्तम्भ [ a-stambha ]
- a. lacking posts; unpretentious.
अस्तम्भ
a-stambha lacking posts; unpretentious.
p035c2-b22/ p035
• अस्तसमय [ asta-samaya ]
- m. time of sunset.
अस्तसमय
asta-samaya time of sunset.
p035c2-b23/ p035
• अस्ता
[ ás-tâ ]
= अ स ् त ा
Skt: अस्ता
[ ás-tâ ]
- f. missile; arrow. - Mac035c2
अस्ता ás-tâ
missile; arrow.
*BPal:
{æþ~þa.té}
- UHS PMD0150
UKT from UHS: participle of <throw, threw, thrown>
UKT 150421: Since <missile> and <arrow> implies 'throwing something', I am comparing Skt: अस्ता with Pal:
p035c2-b24/ p035
• अस्ताचल [ asta‿akala ]
- m., -‿adri, m. sunset mountain.
अस्ताचल asta̮akala
sunsetmountain.
p035c2-b25/ p035
• अस्ताभिलाषिन्् [ asta‿abhilâshin ]
- a. verging towards sunset.
अस्ताभिलाषिन््
asta̮abhilâshin verging towards sunset.
p035c2-b26/ p035
• अस्तुत [ á-stuta ]
- pp. unpraised; unrecited.
अस्तुत á-stuta
unpraised; unrecited.
p035c2-b27/ p035
• अस्तुत्य [ a-stu-tya ]
- fp. unpraiseworthy.
अस्तुत्य a-stu-tya
unpraiseworthy.
p035c2-b28/ p035
• अस्तुविद्् [ astu-vid ]
- a. aware that something must be done.
अस्तुविद््
astu-vid aware that something must be done.
p035c2-b29
• [ás-tri ]
- m. slinger, bowman.
p035c2-b30/ p035
• अस्तृत [ á-strita ]
- pp. unconquered, unconquerable.
अस्तृत á-strita
unconquered, unconquerable.
p035c2-b31/ p035
• अस्तेय [ á-steya ]
- n. not stealing.
अस्तेय á-steya
not stealing.
p035c2-b32/ p035
• अस्त्र [ as-trá ]
= अ स ् त ् र
- n. (m.) missile, arrow; bow;
-kshati-mat, a. wounded by missiles;
-grâma, m. collection of missiles;
-gña, a. skilled in arms or in launching missiles;
-vid, a. id.; -vrishti, f. shower of arrows;
-‿agâra, n. armoury.
अस्त्र as-trá
missile, arrow; bow; -kshati-mat, a. wounded by missiles;
-grâma, m. collection of missiles; -gña, a. skilled in arms
or in launching missiles; -vid, a. id.; -vrishti, f. shower
of arrows; -̮agâra, n. armoury.
p035c2-b33/ p035
• अस्त्रिन्् [ astr-in ]
- m. bowman, archer.
अस्त्रिन््
astr-in bowman, archer.
p035c2-b34/ p035
• अस्त्री [ a-strî ]
- f. no woman; no feminine = m.
and n. (gr.); -sambhogin, a. lying with no woman.
अस्त्री a-strî
no woman; no feminine=m. and n. (gr.); -sambhogin, a. lying
with no woman.
p035c3-b01/ p035
• अस्त्रोपनिषद्् [ astra‿upanishad ]
- f. skill in arms.
अस्त्रोपनिषद््
astra̮upanishad skill in arms.
p035c3-b02/ p035
• अस्थन्् [ asthán ]
- n. (used as weakest base of ásthi) bone; kernel: -vat, a. having
bones; ɴ. animal with bones.
अस्थन्् asthán
ásthi) bone; kernel: -vat, a. having bones; n. animal with
bones.
p035c3-b03/ p035
• अस्थान [ a-sthâna ]
- n. wrong place (for, g.); °- or lc. out of place; at the wrong time;
wrongly.
अस्थान a-sthâna
wrong place (for, g.); °-- or lc. out of place; at the wrong
time; wrongly.
p035c3-b04/ p035
• अस्थास्नु [ a-sthâsnu ]
- a. impatient.
अस्थास्नु
a-sthâsnu impatient.
p035c3-b05/ p035
• अस्थि [ ásthi ]
- n. bone; kernel: -ka, n. bone; -kûrna, n. bone powder.
अस्थि ásthi
bone; kernel: -ka, n. bone; -kûrna, n. bone powder.
p035c3-b06/ p035
• अस्थित [ a-sthita ]
- pp. not existing.
अस्थित a-sthita
not existing.
p035c3-b07/ p035
• अस्थिति [ a-sthiti ]
- f. disorder.
अस्थिति a-sthiti
disorder.
p035c3-b08/ p035
• अस्थिदन्तमय [ asthi-danta-maya ]
- a. made of bone and ivory; -mat, a. furnished with bones;
-maya, a. (î)
consisting of or full of bones.
अस्थिदन्तमय
asthi-danta-maya made of bone and ivory; -mat, a. furnished
with bones; -maya, a. (î) consisting of or full of bones.
p035c3-b09/ p035
• अस्थिर [ á-sthira ]
- a. not firm, unsteady.
अस्थिर á-sthira
not firm, unsteady.
p035c3-b10/ p035
• अस्थिशेष [ asthi-sesha ]
- a. of which only bones are left; -tâ, f. abst. ɴ.; -sthûna,
a. having a
framework of bones.
अस्थिशेष asthi-sesha
of which only bones are left; -tâ, f. abst. n.; -sthûna, a.
having a framework of bones.
p035c3-b11/ p035
• अस्थूल [ á-sthûla ]
- a. not coarse, slender; subtle.
अस्थूल á-sthûla
not coarse, slender; subtle.
{a.Sna.}
p035c3-b12/ not online
• अस्नातृ [a-snâtrí ]
Skt: अस्नातृ [a-snâtrí ] - a. not of bathing, disliking water - Mac035c3
Skt: अस्नातृ «asnātṛ» - adj. fearing the water, not a swimmer, not fond
of bathing - SpkSkt
{a.Spa.}
p035c3-b13/ p035
• अस्पर्शन [ a-sparsana ]
- n. absence or avoidance of contact.
अस्पर्शन a-sparsana
absence or avoidance of contact.
p035c3-b14/ p035
• अस्पष्ट [ a-spashta ]
- pp. indistinct, not clear: -‿upâdhi, a. whose conditioning associate is
not clear: -tâ, f. abst. ɴ.
अस्पष्ट a-spashta
indistinct, not clear: -̮upâdhi, a. whose conditioning
associate is not clear: -tâ, f. abst. n.
p035c3-b15/ p035
• अस्पृशत्् [ a-spris-at ]
- pr. pt. not touching.
अस्पृशत्् a-spris-at
not touching.
p035c3-b16/ p035
• अस्पृश्य [ a-sprisya ]
- fp. not to be touched.
अस्पृश्य a-sprisya
not to be touched.
p035c3-b17/ p035
• अस्पृष्ट [ a-sprishta ]
- pp. untouched; unattained, lacking: -purusha‿antara, a. applying to
no other person.
अस्पृष्ट a-sprishta
untouched; unattained, lacking: -purusha̮antara, a. applying
to no other person.
p035c3-b18/ p035
• अस्पृहा [ a-sprihâ ]
- f. no desire.
अस्पृहा a-sprihâ
no desire.
{a.Sma.}
p035c3-b19/ p035
• अस्म [ ¹. a-smá ]
- prn. stem of 1 prs. pl.
अस्म 1. a-smá 1
prs. pl.
p035c3-b20/ p035
• अस्म [ ². á-sma (or á) ]
- prn. stem of 3 prs. sg.
अस्म 2. á-sma (or
á) 3 prs. sg.
p035c3-b21/ p035
• अस्म [ ³. a-sma ]
- a. unconnected with the particle sma (gr.).
अस्म 3. a-sma
unconnected with the particle sma (gr.).
p035c3-b22/ p035
• अस्मत्कूलीन [ asmat-kûlîna ]
- a. belonging to our family; -samîpa-tas, ad. near us.
अस्मत्कूलीन
asmat-kûlîna belonging to our family; -samîpa-tas, ad. near
us.
p035c3-b23
• [asmat-tas]
-- (=ab. samát), from us
p035c3-b24/ p035
• अस्मत्रा [ asma-tr&asharp; ]
- ad. among or with us.
अस्मत्रा
asma-traN among or with us.
p035c3-b25/ p035
• अस्मदर्थे [ asmad-arthe ]
- lc. ad. for my sake.
अस्मदर्थे
asmad-arthe for my sake.
p035c3-b26/ p035
• अस्मदीय [ asmad-îya ]
- poss. prn. our.
अस्मदीय
asmad-îya our.
p035c3-b27
• [asma-dri‿ak]
- a. turned to us;
-dri‿ak , ad. towards us
p035c3-b28/ p035
• अस्मद्वत्् [ asmad-vat ]
- ad. like us; -vidha, a. like us.
अस्मद्वत्् asmad-vat
like us; -vidha, a. like us.
p035c3-b29/ p035
• अस्मयु [ asma-yú ]
- a. attached to us.
अस्मयु asma-yú
attached to us.
p035c3-b30/ p035
• अस्माक [ asma‿acute;aka ]
- poss. prn. our.
अस्माक asma◡́aka
our.
p035c3-b31/ p035
• अस्मादृश [ asmâ-drisa ]
- a. like us.
अस्मादृश asmâ-drisa
like us.
p035c3-b32/ p035
• अस्मृति [ a-smriti ]
- f. forgetting.
अस्मृति a-smriti
forgetting.
p035c3-b33/ p035
• अस्मे [ asmé ]
- V. d., lc. of asmá, we.
अस्मे asmé asmá,
we.
p035c3-b34/ p035
• अस्मेहिति
[ asmé-hiti ]
- f. mission to us.
अस्मेहिति
asmé-hiti mission to us.
( end of old p035-4.htm)
{a.Sya.}
{ya.}, we are in uncharted waters of the Approximants. If we were to go by the Akshara table, the first 4 are semi-consonants (aka semivowels),
{ra.},
{la.},
{wa.}. The phoneme
{va.}.
The next 3 are fricatives,
{sha.},
{rha.}, and sometimes
{þhya.}. The dental hissing-sibilant
{sa.}. To avoid havoc in transcription between Burmese and English, I have to use the same glyph for both
{c}
{S}
The situation becomes more complex by English not having the plosive tenuis voiceless-stops, but only having only ordinary voiceless-stops, e.g. English has no
{ka.} sound, but only
{hka.}. English speakers simply dismiss
Our ability to articulate the phonemes depends on our hearing which is curtailed by our home language, the L1, which itself is an aspect of our culture.
Finally, the problem is climaxed by Eng-Lat not having the palatal plosive-stops, but only the affricates.
p035c3-b35
• ['asya-vâm' -iya]
- n. RV.I. 164
UKT 150521, 161016: Though not exactly the RV.I, 164: to show the mythical nature of the Vedas, I cite below Macdonell's, Vedic Mythology: in downloaded pdf file in TIL SD-Library:
- MacdonellVedicMyth<Ô> / bkp<Ô> (link chk 161016)
{a.Sra.}
/
{æþ~þa.ra.}
UKT 150428: Beginning with
{æS~ra.}.
p035c3-b36
• अस्र
[ as-rá ]
= अ स ् र -->
{æS~ra.}
Skt: अस्र
[ as-rá ]
- n. tear; blood; -pa, m. Râkshasa. - Mac035c3
BPal:
{æþ~ru.} - UHS-PMD0152
UKT from UHS: ¹. n. tear
p035c3-b37/ p035
• अस्रिध््
a-sridh, अस्रिधान
[ á-sridhâna ]
= अ स ् र ि ध ् ्
- a. unfailing.
अस्रिध््
á-sridhâna unfailing.
p035c3-b38/ p035
• अस्रेमन्् [ a-sremán ]
- a. untiring.
अस्रेमन््
a-sremán untiring.
p035c3-b39/ p035
• अस्रोत्तरम्् [ asra‿uttaram ]
- ad. bathed in tears.
अस्रोत्तरम््
asra̮uttaram bathed in tears.
{æS~wa.}/
{æS~va.}/
{a.þa.wa.}
UKT 150422: The idea of Sva-dharma
p035c3-b40/ p035
• अस्व [ a-sva ]
- a. lacking goods; -tva, n. poverty.
अस्व a-sva
lacking goods; -tva, n. poverty.
p035c3-b41/ p035
• अस्वगता [ a-svagá-tâ ]
- f. homelessness.
अस्वगता
a-svagá-tâ homelessness.
---- online : 180825 : p035.htm - search for असित
- UKT 161005: It is very difficult to teach the pronunciation of PTK consonants to Bur-Myan, and to Eng-Lat speakers because two reasons: #1,English speakers cannot hear nor articulate the tenuis consonants, and #2, Bur-Myan has no Dental hisser {Sa.} /s/ instead of which it has Dental thibilant {þa.} /θ/. Though English speakers can both hear and articulate the Dental thibilant {þa.} /θ/ (in common English words such as <thin>, speakers of other European languages, and Sanskrit can neither hear nor articulate it. They have to use the {Sa.} /s/ in its place.
To familiarize with this problem see the following Wikipedia articles:
1.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirated_consonant 161015
2.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_consonant 161015
See also Google Search:
3. A first book of Old English by Robert D. Stevick,
-
http://faculty.washington.edu/stevickr/graphotactics/sounds_contents.html
161016
-
http://faculty.washington.edu/stevickr/graphotactics/PDF_files/Sounds23.pdf
161016
or, downloaded file in TIL SD-Library:
- Stevick-SoundsOldEnglish<Ô>
/ bkp<Ô> (link chk 161016)
From Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirated_consonant 161015
In Phonetics, aspiration is the strong burst of breath that accompanies either the release or, in the case of pre-aspiration, the closure of some obstruents. [UKT ¶]
In English, aspirated consonants are allophones in complementary distribution with their unaspirated counterparts, but in some other languages, notably most Indian [ and Bur-Myan - the Tibeto-Burman language], and East Asian languages, the difference is contrastive.
To feel or see the difference between aspirated and unaspirated sounds, one can put a hand or a lit candle in front of one's mouth, and say pin [pʰɪn] and then bin [bɪn]. One should either feel a puff of air or see a flicker of the candle flame with pin that one does not get with bin. In most dialects of English, the initial consonant is aspirated in pin and unaspirated in bin.
UKT: More in the Wikipedia article.
From Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_consonant 161015
In phonetics, a stop, also known as a plosive or oral occlusive, is a consonant in which the vocal tract is blocked so that all airflow ceases.
The occlusion may be made with the tongue blade ([t], [d]) or body ([k], [ɡ]), lips ([p], [b]), or glottis ([ʔ]). Stops contrast with nasals, where the vocal tract is blocked but airflow continues through the nose, as in /m/ and /n/, and with fricatives, where partial occlusion impedes but does not block airflow in the vocal tract.
UKT: More in the Wikipedia article.
Go back Aspirat-Stop-note-b
UKT 131118, 140808, 161015:
In the update of 130818 on Base consonants
and vowels of BEPS
-
MCc-indx.htm (link chk 161016), I have
written on Nasal phonemes, {nga.} /ŋ/,
{ñ} /ɲ/, {Na} /ɳ/, {na.} /n/,
{ma.} /m/. I have left out the hissing
Sibilants, {sha.} /ʃ/ &
{Sa.} /s/, and non-hissing Thibilant
{þa.} /θ/.
Eng-Latin speakers can neither articulate nor
hear the phonetically important tenuis triplet consonants PTK
{pa.},
{ta.}
&
{ka.}, unless the consonants are preceded
by /s/. The /s/ is given by
{Sa.}/
{S} which
Bur-Myan does not have. What Bur-Myan has is
{sa.}/
{c}.
Eng-Latin speakers can neither hear nor articulate the Palatal Stop
{sa.}/
{c}. In its place, they have the aspirated Palatal Affricate
{hkya.}
and its allophone
{kya.}
which is a tenuis. Because
{kya.}
(voiceless-tenuis) and its allophone (an ordinary voiceless)
{hkya.}
are medials (conjuncts), they cannot be under Virama
{a.þût} 'the killer'. Placing them under the Viram sign breaks them apart.
Since
in words and syllables that begin with /s/ sound, it is immaterial whether
consonant is Palatal-stop or Dental-fricative, since both
{sa.} and
{Sa.} have the same
onset-sound. However, in words and syllables that end with this sound (i.e.
in the coda), the pronunciation becomes vastly different. Thus, Romabama has
to differentiate:
{kíc} /kɪc/ equivalent of <kick> (DJPD16-299 gives /kik/)
{kíS} /kɪs/ equivalent of <kiss> (DJPD16-301)
UKT 161015: Note that in English syllables of the canonical form CVC, there can be two or more letters in the onset and in the coda. E.g., <cc> & <ss> in <success>, and <kn> & <ght> in <knight>. Such a practice is a major obstacle in inter-transcription in BEPS languages.
The voiceless-tenuis is realized in Eng-Lat only in
{S~ka.} /sk/,
{S~ta.} /st/ , and
{S~pa.} /sp/. When
nasals, and approximants are
included we have {S~na.} /sn/, {S~ma.} /sm/,
{S~la.} /sl/ &
{S~wa} /sw/.
However, in entries in this
file in which we are dealing with {þa.},
we have to accept a change from
{þa.} to
{Sa.}:
{a.þ~ka.} -->
{a.S~ka.}
See also Sibilant consonants in Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibilant 131117
To pronounce these Skt-Dev words as close
as possible to Sanskrit pronunciation,
Bur-Myan speakers would have to pronounce
the non-hisser
{þa.} as a hisser resulting in
{a.þ~ka.} --> pronounced as
/
{a.S~ka.}/
{a.þ~ta.} --> pronounced as
/
{a.S~ta.}/
{a.þ~pa.} --> pronounced as
/
{a.S~pa.}/
{a.þ~ma.} --> pronounced as
/
{a.S~ma.}/
without a change in Skt-Dev from
स --> ष
Go back Fricative-note-b
- UKT 150422
Pal:
{þa.wa.} - UHS PMD1014
UKT from UHS: m. yajna sacrifice.
In Hinduism, Skt: Yajna यज्ञ «yajña» = य ज ् ञ -->{yiz~ña.} is an offering accompanied by chanting Vedic mantras.
{yiz} - MLC MED2006-386
See Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yajna 150422
The first time I heard the word
{þ~wa.} or Sva was early in life as
a child when there was a Nine-god Puja - a
Buddhist puja - in my family home in
Kungyangon where I was born. If you want to
know what a Nine-god Puja is, read
¤ Ch 02. Nine Gods in Folk
Elements in Buddhism
--
flk-ele-indx.htm >
ch02.htm (link chk 161013)
From: http://www.philtar.ac.uk/encyclopedia/hindu/ascetic/sva.html 150422
Sva-dharma
{þ~wa. Dûm~ma.}, means literally "own
dharma" and has been translated as
"own duty" and "particular
responsibilities." Dharma is derived
from the Sanskrit root dhr, "sustain,
support, uphold," and has a wide range
of meanings, including truth, cosmic law,
reality, righteousness, correctness, integrity,
duty, and caste duty. The term Sva-dharma
is a brahmanic creation that came relatively
late and applies especially to the meanings
of dharma as duty and caste duty. Thus it is
duty according to one's caste (varna or jati;
see Social Castes), one's age group within
the caste, and one's stage of life (asrama).
This system of social responsibilities is
varnasramadharma and the term is nearly
synonymous with Sva-dharma.
Every person has unique duties and responsibilities and this "own dharma" or Sva-dharma is unique to that person because everyone has different capacities for righteousness. This capacity is determined by one's birth, which is a result of karma, actions in a previous life.
Because of differing levels of purity between the castes, everyone cannot be expected to meet the same standard of social behaviour. However, the duties of the different members of the different varnas and asramas interact and support each other. It is necessary to follow one's Sva-dharma so that the carrying out of one's duties and responsibilities maintains harmony in society and the world. Brahmanic doctrine holds that social and cosmic harmony is dependent on following one's Sva-dharma at all times.
Interpretation of questions of dharma come from sruti, divine revelation in the form of the Vedas; smrti, the sacred tradition of the Vedangas, the Mahabharata and Ramayana, the Puranas, and the Dharma-shastras; practices of the wise; and conscience, this having the least weight.
Today Sva-dharma can be more liberally interpreted according to one's personal understanding of the position reached in life and the best course to take in the future to achieve the final goal.
Dharma in the Rg Veda (c. 1200 BCE) concerned
the actions of the gods [represented by
Rulers of Planets
{groh} in traditional Myanmar-Astrology] that
brought about or maintained cosmic harmony.
In classical Vedic literature dharma is the
system of activities which guides the world
to uphold rta, universal harmony with all
things in the world having a correct place
and function. This proper action of the gods
was linked to ritual and ascetic practises.
With the composition of the Brahmanas (c. 900 to 600 BCE), it was not only the actions of the gods that involved the laws of the cosmos but also rituals performed by priests [not Theravada Buddhist monks], which were prescribed in the texts. These rituals were to obtain a favourable rebirth. Dharma came to be closely aligned with the concept of karma, present actions determining the conditions of one's future life. Through the following centuries dharma and karma came to be strongly linked.
Dharma from at least the second century BCE, as seen in the Laws of Manu, was applied to normal social life and came to mean all one's obligations by which one fits in with nature and society. This became the system of varnasramadharma. Conflicting views in Hindu theory and practice over such concepts as ahimsa, non-injury, needed to be resolved. The basic structure of the Bhagavad Gita is the view that taking part in a war is perfectly acceptable as long as it can be interpreted as one's Sva-dharma. There are common moral obligations for everyone and these are known as sadharanadharma, dharma pertaining to everybody. Brahmanic doctrine says one must follow one's Sva-dharma at all times even if it means breaking the rules of sadharanadharma. Therefore the soldier must fight. But in the flux of religious thought in India, Vedantic traditions, Jainism, and Buddhism taught that the rules of sadharanadharma [Theravada Buddha-Dûmma] always overrule those of Sva-dharma.
UKT: End of article.
From Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svarga 150423
In Hinduism, Svarga (or Swarga) (Skt: स्वर्ग), also known as Swarga Loka, is any of the seven loka or planes in Hindu cosmology, which sequentially are Bhu loka (Prithvi Loka, Earth), Bhuvar loka, Swarga loka, Mahar loka, Jana loka, Tapa loka, and the highest, Satyaloka (Brahmaloka). [1] It is a set of heavenly worlds located on and above Mt. Meru. It is a heaven [UKT: Christian Heaven - which is equivalent to Bur-Myan {nût-præÑ}] where the righteous live in a paradise before their next incarnation. During each pralaya, the great dissolution, the first three realms, Bhu loka (Earth), Bhuvar loka, Swarga loka, are destroyed. Below the seven upper realms lie seven lower realms, of Patala, the underworld and netherworld.
Svarga is seen as a transitory place for righteous souls who have performed good deeds in their lives but are not yet ready to attain moksha, or elevation to Vaikunta, the abode of Lord Vishnu, considered to be the Supreme Abode (Rig Veda (1.22.20) states, Oṃ tad viṣṇoḥ paramam padam sadā paśyanti sūrayaḥ: "All the suras (i.e., devas- divinities) look toward the feet of Lord Vishnu as the Supreme Abode"). The capital of Svarga is Amaravati and its entrance is guarded by Airavata. Svarga is presided over by Indra, the chief deva.
UKT: End of article
From Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Logas 150423
According to Ayyavazhi mythology there are Seven Logas (Seven Upper Worlds). The Sanskrit term for Loga is "loka." Akilam six and Akilam seven of Akilattirattu Ammanai speaks about it. The Seven logas are;
1. Deiva Loga Skt: Devaloka
2. Yama Loga
3. Swarga Loga Skt: Svarga
4. Brahma Loga
5. Vaikunda Loga Skt: Vaikunta
6. Siva Loga Skt: Sivaloka or Kailasa
7. Para Loga
UKT 150423
Go back Sva-dharma-note-b
End of TIL file