Update: 2020-05-17 12:53 AM -0400
MC-indx.htm
A compilation from:
1. A Practical Sanskrikt Dictionary, by A. A. Macdonell (Mac), 1893,
http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MDScan/index.php?sfx=jpg;
1929.
¤ Nataraj ed., 1st in 2006, 2012.
-
https://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/macdonell/ 190516
link: uchicago
¤ Skt-Doc Glossary online:
-
https://sanskritdocuments.org/dict/dictall.html 190701
Downloaded (unedited) in TIL non-PDF & non-SD libraries,
Web-Archive section.
2. The Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Grammar and Dictionary, BHS, vol.2, by F.
Edgerton, pp. 627.
-
FEdgerton-BHSD<Ô> /
Bkp<Ô> (link chk 200501)
3. Student's Pali-English Dictionary,
by Maung Tin (U Pe Maung Tin),
(UPMT-PED) in TIL HD-PDF and SD-PDF libraries
-
UPMT-PaliDict1920<Ô> /
bkp<Ô> (link chk 190113)
4. Pali-Myanmar Dictionary
(in Pal-Myan) (UHS-PMD), by U Hoke Sein, 1954, with English translation by U
Kyaw Tun (UKT)
This dictionary in ink-on-paper form is in TIL research library at 35 Thantada
St., Sanchaung, Yangon, Myanmar.
UKT 200503:
The individual entries from all the above are being cut, and stored under a directory named CUTS, which will not be uploaded to the Internet. Because of this Internet version of this dictionary will have empty spaces.The TOC of this dictionary follows the Sonority Scale, from Consonants to Vowels
I've a sneaky suspicion that BHS, Nepali, and Burmese speeches are closely associated. I'll enter words from all the three into my dictionary to either reject or confirm my suspicion. I'll first concentrate on Nepali with words in Devanagari from:
• A Comparative and Etymological Dictionary of Nepali Language by R L Turner (ref: Turn-Nepxxx ) - http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/turner/ (link chk 160119)
Files from Univ. Chicago in TIL HD-nonPDF and SD-nonPDF libraries:
- Turn-NepalDict<Ô> / Bkp<Ô> (link chk 200328)
• I hope to include Latin into my compilation. But I may not live that long: I'm already a very old man, aged 86. However, I'm pinning my hope on the work of my assistants.
Edited by U Kyaw Tun (UKT) (M.S., I.P.S.T., USA), Daw Khin Wutyi, Daw Thuzar
Myint, Daw Zinthiri Han and staff of Tun Institute of Learning (TIL).
Not for sale. No copyright. Free for everyone.
Prepared for students and staff of TIL Research Station, Yangon,
MYANMAR
-
http://www.tuninst.net ,
www.romabama.blogspot.com
Basic consonants, approximants, and vowels of BEPS
- update 2018May
Consonants and Vowels of BEPS -
update 2018May
History of Sanskrit Literature -
update 2020Apr
Introduction to the present work including
(1) the Preface to Macdonell's (MC) dictionary.
(2) the writing system in the Indus-Saraswati civilization which obviously was neither Vedic nor Sanskrit.
See the list of
Supporting
dictionaries
UKT 171129, ... , 200107, 200310: Please remember this dictionary is a learning tool for me to learn Skt-Dev. I do not intend to speak Sanskrit. I just want to know its connection to Pali and Magadhi. Caveat: A. A. Macdonell, M. Monier-Williams, and their contemporaries use the older form of Devanagari script, and the conjuncts are stacked as in Pal-Myan. This is an added problem for me. Note to TIL editor: Because of numerous glyphs, you'll will have to look for them in Windows Character Map. You need not do so if you consult my little mascot Doggie in notes below.
The TOC is in Akshara order, which is very difficult to follow unless you know the Akshara matrices of vowels
{þa.ra.} and consonants
{byæÑ:}. I've to invent Romabama
{ro:ma.ba.ma} based on Bur-Myan phonology to serve my purpose. To share my work with others on the Internet, I've to make Romabama ASCII compatible.
The overall TOC arrangement in this dictionary follows
the pattern set by Bur-Myan dictionaries, where the
consonants come first
{byæÑ:} and the vowels
{þa.ra.} last, with the approximants in between.
In Pali- and Sanskrit dictionaries, the vowels comes first, followed by consonants: an arrangement that does not follow the Sonority scale
Since my aim is to find the relation between Bur-Myan, Pal-Myan and Skt-Dev, words should be carefully spelled out
to facilitate Akshara-to-akshara rendering.
Giving only English transcription has hindered my
understanding of such words, such as
¤ BEPS basic akshara
{Shpa.} --> स्फोट
The "correct spelling" means, I must invent
new glyphs such as various forms of Ra'ric
{ra.ric} to show the different degrees of rhoticity.
BEPS has 3 kinds of Ra'ric
{ra.ric}. Bamah
{ra.ric} of the majority dialect - the Irrawaddy dialect
- has no rhoticity, whereas that of Rakhine dialect has
rhoticity as in Pali. The Sanskrit
{ra.ric} is the most rhotic.
The problematical phoneme /a/
UKT 180511: Though this problem is not met with in English, Pali and Sanskrit,
it is real problem when Burmese (and possibly when Mon and Nepali) is
included. What does the phoneme /a/ indicate? What does the glyph
{a.} represent? In Eng-Lat script, a represents
the vowel /a/ without specifying the vowel-duration.
It could be either
{a.} of duration 1 blnk (eye-blink), or
{a} 2 blnk. To avoid this problem, avoid using the terms "short vowel" and
"long vowel": use vowel of 1 blnk, and
2 blnk duration. Secondly, /a/ could also be the negation of
something. However, the negation in Bur-Myan is not
{a.}, but
{ma.}. Remember some words in Bur-Myan that begins with /a/ is not
negation of something: it is part of the whole word. It is probably because
of this problem, Bur-Myan dictionaries always begin with consonants.
{bïn~pa-þak} or BEPS as onsets (page-by-page)
UKT 200325: I'm now using only one index page to cover all the entries of --
MCpp-indx.htm -
update 2020May
A A
Macdonell's A Practical Sanskrit Dictionary plus some entries
from my reference dictionaries on Nepali language (in Devanagari script),
on
Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit (BHS in Latin script), on International Pali
(in Latin
script), on Myanmar Pali (in Myanmar script, with my translations), etc.
- UKT 200409:
It is usual to give Vowels and then Consonants in Alphabetic-dominated dictionaries. This does not follow the Sonority scale, which tells us that the sub-set of Approximants should be between Consonants and vowels. Therefore, in Bur-Myan dictionaries, it is usual to give the Consonants first and then the Vowels, with Approximants in between. - SED-MC > MCvowcon-indx.htm - update 2020May
¤ Sanskrit and Vedic, - VedicSkt.htm - update 2020Apr
from A History of Sanskrit Literature, by A A Macdonell, 1900
- UKT: 200318:
Back in 1953, when I and my fellow classmates, Ko (Dr.) Thein Aung and Ko Thant
Zin were admitted into B.Sc. (Chemistry Honours) course, our Professor and Head
of the Department of Chemistry, University of Rangoon, was U Po Tha. Back then,
Mandalay University was still a college affiliated to the University of Rangoon,
because of which Ko (Dr.) Maung Di, came from Mandalay college to join us.
Mandalay college could not offer Honours course and Ko Di had to come to
Rangoon. Ko Di later went to the United Kingdom to get his doctorate. He
later became the Deputy Minister of Education. He told me how one of his UK
professors, a Welsh man, challenged him to pronounce the phoneme /ll/ (double
L). This phoneme is in Bur-Myan as La'ha'hto
{lha.}. The Welsh man was thrilled at Ko Di's ability, and I became interested
in the Welsh language and beliefs - leprechauns and gnomes and all.
Now back to Saya U Po Tha. He was probably a last member of IES (Indian Educational Service) contemporaries of ICS (Indian Civil Service) and IMS (Indian Medical Service). And he had worked under Dr. Peacock - a Scot - notorious among his students for being a strict scientist and chemist. One of my old lecturers, Saya U San Tun who had worked under Dr. Peacock told me how Dr. Peacock had scolded him for being absent from duty on King George's the Fifth birthday - a public holiday in British Burma. Dr. Peacock had said: "San Tun, in Chemistry we are interested in Things, not People." By Chemistry is meant Science and People is kings and politicians. Dr. Peacock had to severely pay for his uncompromising attitude in the end: he was dismissed from service by the Governor General himself - the then chancellor of the university. The proud Scot had to go back to his native Scotland and ended his career in University of Sheffield. By chance I met one of his students from Sheffield in Canada and we became best friends.
Now you can expect U Po Tha to be uncompromising in many of his scientific views. He made us study the History of Chemistry - which I enjoyed much because of my good understanding of English. Naturally, most of his students, including Ko Thein Aung and Ko Thant Zin fumed for having to study such worthless subject as History. Now you'll understand why I am interested in the History of Sanskrit Literature.
- UKT 200312:
¤ My own introduction is presented as a separate page - MC-intro.htm - update 2020Apr
¤ Preface to Macdonell's (MC) dictionary, Scanned pages - MC-pre1.htm / MC-pre2.htm - update 2020Apr
¤ Nighantu and Nirukta: Buddha's anti-Brahmanism -
nirukta.htm - update 2018Oct
* A Glossary of Sanskrit words, from Sanskrit
Documents, has been moved
on 190715 to ~~HD-nonPDF & SD-nonPDF, Archive
sections and will be available
only in TIL Research
Station, Yangon.
¤ The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary derivatives
of the Sanskrit Language, - Sanskrit Roots.htm - update 2020Apr
- by W. D. Whitney,
downloaded txt in TIL PDF libraries:
Single-page format -
WDWhitney-RootsVerbFormS<Ô> /
Bkp<Ô> (link chk 200311)
Whitney's work is intended especially as
a Supplement to his Sanskrit Grammar (Leipzig, 1879).
I'm including his work in Macdonell's Dictionary to
serve me in my study of Sanskrit Grammar.
• Check the following which were once part of
MCv-indx.htm .
¤ Vowels in general - Human Voice -
MC-acoustics.htm (link chk 160110)
¤ Ancient Languages: BEPS & Georgian -
MC-anci-lang.htm (link chk 160110)
¤ Comparison of Skt-Dev, Eng-IPALatin,
and Bur-Myan vowels -
MC-BEPS-vow.htm (link chk 191026)
• On script
- MCscript.htm
- update 2018Aug
UKT to TIL editor 170827: The following are in
txt-in-single-file form. If any are to be expanded,
separate it as a nested folder. Contains:
¤ Preface,
¤ Scanned pages,
¤ Digital online Univ Chicago version,
¤ Glossary,
¤ Nepali Dictionary,
¤ Language comparison and
roots of languages being compared
¤ Hand-written Skt-Dev Akshara
¤ HD-nonPDF:
LearnSktOnline-GrammTerms<Ô> /
Bkp<Ô>
¤. In HD-PDF:
KVAbhyankar-DictSktGramm<Ô> /
Bkp<Ô>
¤ Mahayana texts from website
http://www.ishwar.com/buddhism/holy_mahayana_texts/
171212
• On speech - Remember Skt-Dev sounds
belonging to IE languages, and Pal-Myan (&
Bur-Myan) sounds belonging to Tib-Bur languages
are entirely different. For example, listen to
the pronunciation of Skt-Dev
niroakta<))
Its equivalent in Pal-Myan is
{ni.roak~ta.}.
Concentrate on the closing sound. It is त
occupying r4c1 of the akshara-matrix, the same
place as
.
However how does त sound? Is it
/ta./,
/té./ or
/tè./, or something entirely different ? I will
have to say "entirely different".
UKT notes :
• Doggie's Tale :
copy and paste
• Supporting dictionaries
-- UKT 130613
Mnemonic
The Doggie Tale:
Little doggie cringe in fear -- ŋ (velar),
Seeing Ella's flapping ears -- ɲ (palatal)
And, the Shepard's hanging rear -- ɳ (retroflex).
Doggie so sad he can't get it out
What's that Kasha क्ष
when there's a Kha ख ?
And when there's Jana ज्ञ
what I am to do with Jha झ?
On top of all there're husher and hisser, Sha श /ʃ/ and Ssa ष /s/,
when I am stuck with Theta स
/θ/ !"
Little Doggie don't be sad,
You are no worse than a Celtic Gnome
Losing G in his name, he is just a Nome!
Note to digitizer: you can copy and
paste the following:
Ā ā ă ấ Ē ē ĕ ế Ī ī ĭ Ō ō
ŏ Ū ū ŭ ː
Ḍ ḍ Ḥ ḥ Ḷ ḷ Ḹ
ḹ Ṁ ṁ Ṃ ṃ
Ṅ ṅ
Ñ ñ Ṇ ṇ ɴ Ṛ ṛ Ṝ ṝ
Ś ś Ṣ ṣ Ṭ ṭ ɕ ʂ
Book marks: * star, † dagger (alt0134), ‡ double dagger (alt0135).
Bur-Myan: for {gna.}-onset use c ċ (U010B) - unfortunately ċ is non-ASCII
• Instead of Skt-Dev ः {wic~sa.} use "colon" :
• Avagraha ऽ use apostrophe
• Repha spelling: exemplified by
¤ dharma: ध र ् म
--> धर्म
¤ spota: ष ् प र ् श ा ः
--> ष्पर
• Root sign √ ; approx ≅
• IAST Dev: भ आ इ ई उ ऊ
ऋ ऌ ऍ ऎ ए ऐ
ऑ ऒ ओ औ
च «ca» छ «cha» श
ś [ɕ] /ʃ/ ; ष ṣ [ʂ] /s/;
स s [s] /θ/ ;
ऋ {iRi.} & ॠ {iRi},
viram ् , rhotic ऋ ृ
• Skt-Dev Row #3: ट ठ ड ढ ण ;
conjunct ट ् ठ
= ट्ठ
• Skt-Dev numbers, 0-9: ० १ २ ३ ४ ५ ६
७ ८ ९
• IAST Dev: Repha & Viram-position, e.g. तर्ज «tarj» [ targ ] = त र ् ज
• Skt-Dev special phonemes: Ksa क ् ष
= क्ष
• Undertie in Dev transcription: ‿ U203F
• Using ZWNJ (ZeroWidthNonJoiner), e.g. ,
क्ष
(code: क्‌ष)
See Wikipedia:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-width_non-joiner 150630
• IPA-, Pali- & Sanskrit nasals: ŋ ṅ ṅ ,
ɲ ñ ñ , ɳ ṇ ṇ, n n n , m m m
Pali- & Skt {þé:þé:tín}: aṁ , aṃ
• IPA symbols:
ɑ ɒ ə ɛ ɪ ɯ ʌ ʊ ʃ ʧ ʤ θ ŋ ɲ ɳ
ɴ ɔ ɹ ħ ʔ /ˌ / /ʰ/ /ʳ/ /ː/
<king> /kɪŋ/ (DJPD16-300)
<kick> /kɪc/ (DJPD16-299 gives /kik/) and <kiss> /kɪs/ (DJPD16-301)
<church> /ʧɜːʧ/ (DJPD16-097)
<success> /sək'ses/ (DJPD16-515)
<thin> /θɪn/ (DJPD16-535),
<thorn> /θɔːn/
(DJPD16-535)
circumflex-acute :
ấ U+1EA5 , ế U+1EBF
upsilon-vrachy ῠ
small-u-breve ῠ ŭ
• Subscripts: ₀ ₁ ₂ ₃ ₄ : CO₂
Go back Dog-note-b
• Latin-English Vocabulary II, by Hans H Ørberg, 1998
-
HHOrberg-LinguaLatina<Ô> /
Bkp<Ô> (link
chk 190624)
• Sanskrit Grammar (vocal: SND files),
by Dr. Pankaja Rajagopal
-
SktGramRajagopal<Ô> (link chk 190928)
• Burmese
Grammar and Grammatical Analysis in 2 Parts, A. W. Lonsdale, Rangoon 1899
-
BG1899-indx.htm (link chk 191008)
"The Burmese language is constructed on
scientific principles, and there is no
reason why its grammar should not be dealt
with also from a scientific standpoint. But
it may be safely said that Burmese grammar
as a science has not received that
attention it deserves."
Note: This Burmese grammar in English compared with modern Burmese
grammars in Bur-Myan will illustrate how the British colonialists had set out to
destroy - with success - the influence of Burmese Buddhist monks on secular
education. 
• Digital online dictionary from Univ. Chicago
-
http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/macdonell/
• Roots and Verb-forms
in Sanskrit, by W. D. Whitney, 1885.
Note: This and the following dictionaries are in TIL HD-PDF
and SD-PDF libraries:
Single-page format -
WDWhitney-RootsVerbFormS<Ô> /
Bkp<Ô> (link chk 200119)
• Skt-Eng Dictionary, by T. Benfey, 1866,
-
TBenfey-SktEngDict<Ô> /
Bkp<Ô> (link chk 200119)
Ref. as "Benfey" - no page numbers
in Google e-book from which the PDF is copied
• Skt-Eng Dictionary, by M. Monier-Williams, 1899,
-
MMonier-Williams-SktEngDic<Ô> /
Bkp<Ô> (link chk
200119)
• The Universal Burmese-English-Pali Dictionary, by U Hoke Sein, - (UHS-BEPD)
• Online Sanskrit Dictionary , February 12, 2003 .
-
http://sanskritdocuments.org/dict/dictall.pdf 090907, 110504, 140805
-
http://sanskritdocuments.org/dict/dictall_unic.html 110810, 140805
Downloaded files in TIL HD-PDF & SD-PDF libraries
-
SktDoc-OnlineSktDict<Ô> /
Bkp<Ô>
(link chk 181217)
It has been suspended to concentrate on Macdonell's. I'll be merge the two
eventually. The link to my suspended work is:
- SED-indx.htm (link chk 181217)
UKT 181213: Similar to Macdonell's entries, BHS entries are also stored in a dedicated folder, ~~CUTS. They are not to be uploaded to the Internet. However, U Hoke's Sein's entries have to be uploaded to the Internet. I'm toying with the idea of forming BANKs for the UHS similar to AK-BNKs. They would be named UHS-BNKs.
• A Dictionary of the Pali Language, by
R.C. Childers, reprint 2007 available in TIL
library in Research Center in Yangon.
The above as downloaded text from 1875 ed. in
TIL HD-PDF and SD-PDF libraries:
-
RCChilders-PaliLangDict<Ô> /
Bkp<Ô> (link chk 180701)
• Buddhist Dict. of Pali Proper names
-
http://www.palikanon.com/english/pali_names/dic_idx.html (link chk 190127)
Go back Supporting-dictionaries-note-b
End of TIL file
