p060-1.htm
• A Practical Sanskrikt Dictionary,
by A. A. Macdonell, 1893,
http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MDScan/index.php?sfx=jpg;
1929.
-
Nataraj ed., 1st in 2006, 2012.
-
https://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/macdonell/ 190516
• The Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Grammar and
Dictionary, BHS, vol.2, by F. Edgerton,
pp. 627.
-
FEdgerton-BHSD<Ô> /
Bkp<Ô> (link chk 180627)
• The Student's Pali English dictionary ,
by U Pe Maung Tin, 1920.
- (ref: UPMT-PEDxxx).
Downloaded copies in TIL
HD-PDF and SD-PDF libraries:
-
UPMT-PaliDict1920<Ô> /
bkp<Ô> (link chk 190113)
• Pali-Myanmar Dictionary
(in Pal-Myan), by U Hoke Sein,
- (ref: UHS-PMD). The dictionary in printed form is in TIL Research Library.
• Latin-English Vocabulary II, by Hans H Ørberg, 1998
-
HHOrberg-LinguaLatina<Ô> /
Bkp<Ô> (link
chk 190624)
Edited by U Kyaw Tun (UKT) (M.S., I.P.S.T., USA),
Daw Khin Wutyi, Daw Thuzar Myint, Daw Zinthiri Han
and staff of Tun Institute of Learning (TIL).
Not for sale. No copyright. Free for everyone.
Prepared for students and staff of TIL
Research Station, Yangon, MYANMAR
-
http://www.tuninst.net ,
www.romabama.blogspot.com
MC-indx.htm |
Top
MCpp-indx.htm
{au:}/
{AU:} /ɔ/ (open O)
- cont
{au:ma.}/
{AU:ma.}
p059-3c3-b05
p060-1c1
p060-1c2
{au:Sa.}/
{AU:Sa.}
p060-1c3
UKT notes :
•
Bur-Myan vowels compared to Skt-Dev &
Eng-Lat vowels :
- this note would
be merged with text on vowels --
MC-v00-indx.htm
• Sacred word
ओंकार
om-kâra
•
Words where <w> is used as vowel
UKT 140108: There are two problematical back vowels in BEPS:
{o}, and
{AW}. Both are modals (middle pitch-registers) and rounded. They are so near each other that, none except Bur-Myan has
Based on contrastiveness to the front vowels, I am suggesting that
{é} /e/ should be paired with
{èý} /ɛ/ with
{áw} /ɔ/ 'open-O' [comparable to Londale's {AW}], and the use of glyph
See Bur-Myan vowels compared to Skt-Dev & Eng-Lat vowels.
{au:ma.}/
{AU:ma.} - contd
p060-1c1-b01/ p049
• ओमन् [ o-mán ]
- m. favour, aid.
ओमन् o-mán
favour, aid.
p060-1c1-b02/ p049
• ओमन्वत् [ óman-vat ]
- a. pleasant; gracious.
ओमन्वत् óman-vat
pleasant; gracious.
{au:Sa.}/
{AU:Sa.}
p060-1c2-b00/ p049
• ओष [ ósh-a ]
- m. burning.
ओष ósh-a
burning.
p060-1c2-b01/ p049
• ओषधि óshadhi, ˚धी [ -dhî ]
- f. [avasa-dhi, containing nourishment], plant, herb; medicinal herb; -gá,
a. born --, living among or produced from plants; (i)-pati, m. moon; (i)
prastha,
m. N. of a mythical city.
ओषधि -dhî
[avasa-dhi, containing nourishment], plant, herb; medicinal
herb; -gá, a. born --, living among or produced from plants;
(i)-pati, m. moon; (i)prastha, m. N. of a mythical city.
p060-1c3-b00/ p049
• ओषम् [ oshám ]
- (ac.) ad. quickly, at once.
ओषम् oshám
quickly, at once.
p060-1c3-b01/ p049
• ओष्ठ [ óshtha ]
- m. [ava-stha, hanging down], upper lip, lip (a. --°, f.
î).
ओष्ठ óshtha
[ava-stha, hanging down], upper lip, lip (a. --°, f. î).
p060-1c3-b02/ not online
• ओष्ठरुचक «oṣṭharucaka» [ oshtha-rukaka ]
Skt: ओष्ठरुचक [ oshtha-rukaka ] - charming lips - Mac060c3
Skt: ओष्ठरुचक «oṣṭharucaka» - n. lovely lips - SpkSkt
p060-1c3-b03/ p049
• ओष्ठ्य [ oshth-ya ]
- a. labial.
ओष्ठ्य oshth-ya
labial.
( end of old p060-1.htm )
( end of new p060-1.htm
-- UKT 120121, 120602 , 130108
Note: In spite of being on this problem
since 120121 and before,
I still need input from my peers and to
revise the following.
The phonemes represented by Skt-Dev ओ & औ have always been a problem in Romabama. This pair is one of the most back and the most open. Moreover, they can be pronounced with various degrees of lip rounding:
The 'flags', ो ौ, on the aksharas should be compared to the those on े {é} ै {è}.
The controversy is due primarily to
absence of the series: creak
{o.}, modal
{o} /o/, emphatic
{o:} in both Skt-Dev and Eng-Lat. The
problem is compounded by the Two-three
tone problem between IE (Indo-European)
and Tib-Bur (Tibeto-Burman) linguistic groups.
The Romabama spellings given below are my suggestion and tentative: they may have to be changed with deeper understanding of the problems involved.
{aw} :
{aw.} is alternate for
UKT 140129: The rarely used in Bur-Myan,
creak
{au.}; modal
{au}; emphatic
The modal
#1.
#2.
#3 theAs such
• Burmese Grammar and Grammatical Analysis 1899 ,
by A. W. Lonsdale, Rangoon: British Burma Press, 1899 xii, 461, in 2 parts.
- BG1899-indx.htm (link chk 140129)
• Part 1. Orthoepy and orthography -- BG1899-1-indx.htm (link chk 140129)
• Origin of Myanmar akshara -- ch01-3.htm (link chk 140129)Indiscriminate use of IAST «o» for ओ (U+0913), and,
«au» for औ (U+0914) is the source of confusion, when
Bur-Myan has to be included as is required in BEPS.
I am representing Skt-Dev ओ with
{aw.}. This phoneme has been transcribed
by IAST as «o» which does not make sense
in the light of Bur-Myan
{o.},
{o},
{o:}. And, therefore, I have given
the Romabama transcription as
{aw.}. My transcription has been hotly
contested by my good friend U Tun Tint
of the MLC. From the common pronunciation,
the phoneme
{aw.} seems to corresponds to the
emphatic of the Bur-Myan series:
creak
It should be emphasised that each member of the full-set of modals of Bur-Myan vowels: /a/, /ɛ/, /e/, /i/, /u/, /o/, /ɑ/ (represented in Romabama as:
Front vowels (lip spread) - Back vowels (lip spread or lip round)
IPA /a/ -{a.},
{a},
{a:} - IPA /ɑ/ -
IPA /ɛ/ -{è.},
{è:} - IPA /ɔ/ -
{á.},
{á:} :
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
IPA /e/ -{é.},
{é:} - IPA /o/ -
IPA /i/ -{i.},
{i},
{i:} - IPA /u/ -
{u.},
{u},
{u:}
The terms "short vowels" and
"long vowels" do not apply to
Bur-Myan. From this it follows that the terms
{þa.wuN} 'similar pairs' and
{a.þa.wuN} 'dissimilar pairs' do not
apply to Bur-Myan.
Go back Bur-Skt-Eng-vowels-note-b
UKT 140204 :
For entries on the last two Skt-Dev
vowels, ओ «o» & औ «au»,
I am finding it quite difficult to
find their equivalents in Pal-Myan
{aw} - the only one given in UHS-PMD.
Please note that I am transcribing
based on Lonsdale's transcription of
Bur-Myan vowels as {aw} & {au}.
The glyph
is not {þa.ra.ric}. It is a vow-letter
transcribed as {aw}, where
{w} is considered to be a vowel. As
a consonant, it is {wa.}. Another way
out may be to use (my suggestion) is
to use the medial of:
creak
based on the series:
creak
At present, keeping in mind the Two-three
tone problem take:
• IPA /ɔ/ as: short-vow
{aw} ; long-vow
{aaw}
• IPA /ɑ/ as: creak
{au.}; modal
{au}; emphatic
{au:}
Go back entries-note-b
- UKT 120603, 140129
What is the "Sacred word"
ओंकार
om-kâra . To be unequivocal I
should write the "Sacred sound".
Skt-Dev Hindus traditionally write it
out as ॐ OM with a Chandra-bindu
'moon-dot sign' whereas the Bur-Myan
Buddhists as
{OÄN} derived from:
{U.} उ <--
{Uu.} with a
{þé:þé:ting}.
First, let's clarify how this word is written in Bur-Myan and Mon-Myan.
The glyphs for the IPA /u/ in Myanmar akshara is written two ways. Remember, the difference between vowel-letters {U.} & {U}, their corresponding vowel-signs, and when written with the dummy-{a.}.
For Bur-Myan:
;
&
;
The vow-sign for long-vowel indicates that it is a {nhic-hkaung:gning}, not {loän:kri:ting hsan-hkûp}. ThusFor Mon-Myan:
;
The vow-sign indicates that {nhic-hkaung:gning} is used. Thus, Mon-Myan way of writingSpeaking for
The Hindu's 'Chandra bindu' has a
religious significance being the sign
on the head of the Maha-deva Shiva
glossed as 'god'. The Hindus close their
vowel sound with a /m/, whereas the Buddhist
{þé:þé:ting} has no religious significance.
It is just a nasal producing device.
The Bur-Myan let the vowel sound of
{OÄN} slowly fade away without closing
the mouth.
The following are the OM symbols in some of the languages of peoples of Hindu faith.
• ॐ (AUM)
Skt: ॐ (AUM) - Primordial Sound - OnlineSktDict
Skt: ॐ { ओंकार } oṃ { oṃkāra } - phrase Om [Aum, Omkara ] - SpkSkt
Skt: aum ind. the sacred syllable of the Śūdras ( 3. au ) - MonWilliWash
Bur:{AWng:} - n. Om ; word prefacing Pali verse or mantra
to ensure potency or success [Sans] - MED2010-624
A website,
www.orkut.com ,
140129, states: "it
is pertinent to note that औम्
aum is prescribed as
sacred syllable of the Śūdras
because ओम्
aum is forbidden by Holy
Bhusuras to be uttered by the
Śūdras ..."
UKT 140129 notes the difference in
Skt-Dev spellings of औम्
(for Sudras), ओम्
(for betters). Transposed into Skt-Myan,
we get,
{aum) and
(AWm).
UKT 140128: I have downloaded the pix from Internet sometime ago. I have marked under it as from "markville.ss.yrdsb.edu.on.ca, but I forgot the give the date of download, but from my notes it might be 130128 - exactly a year ago. Today, 140128, when I surf the net with the above string, I got: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markville_Secondary_School. My original download was for my work Nine Gods in Folk Elements in Burmese Buddhism - ch02.htm (link chk 140128)
Because of the above passage, I became
curious about «vedāntadeśka»
and «vaiṣṇavī».
Surfing the net for «vedāntadeśka» gives :
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedanta_Desika
140129.
" Vedanta Desika (Swami Desikan,
Swami Vedanta Desikan, Thoopul
Nigamaantha Desikan) (1269–1370) was a
Sri Vaishnava Guru. He was a poet, devotee, philosopher and master-teacher.
Next on «vaiṣṇavī», gives:
http://vedabase.net/cc/antya/3/142/ 140129.
There were other websites, I chose the "Vedabase.net" because of its content in
Sanskrit. Further, on vaiṣṇavī — devotee of the Lord, Bhaktivedanta
VedaBase: Śrī Caitanya Caritāmṛta Antya 3.142, are two lines, their synonyms,
and their translations. The website adds its purport:
prasiddhā vaiṣṇavī haila parama-mahāntī
baḍa baḍa vaiṣṇava tāńra darśanete yānti
«prasiddhā» — celebrated; «vaiṣṇavī» — devotee of the Lord; «haila» — became; «parama-mahāntī» — very advanced; «baḍa baḍa vaiṣṇava» — many recognized, highly situated devotees; «tāńra» — her; «darśanete» — to see; «yānti» — used to go.
Thus the prostitute became a celebrated devotee. She became very advanced in spiritual life, and many stalwart Vaiṣṇavas would come to see her.
Stalwart, highly advanced Vaiṣṇava devotees are not interested in seeing prostitutes, but when a prostitute or any other fallen soul becomes a Vaiṣṇava, stalwart Vaiṣṇavas are interested in seeing them. Anyone can be turned into a Vaiṣṇava if he or she follows the Vaiṣṇava principles. A devotee who follows these principles is no longer on the material platform. Therefore, it is one's strict adherence to the principles that should be considered, not the country of one's birth. Many devotees join our Kṛṣṇa consciousness movement from Europe and America, but one should not therefore consider them European Vaiṣṇavas or American Vaiṣṇavas. A Vaiṣṇava is a Vaiṣṇava and should therefore be given all the respect due a Vaiṣṇava.
The grapheme ओं = ओ ं from ओंकार om-kâra indicates that it is ओ + ं , i.e.
It should be compared to Bur-Myan
{tic-hkyaung:nging} +
Closer examination of the Hindu Skt-Dev ॐ OM shows that it is
{weik-hkya.} +
I have analysed this grapheme/phoneme to some extent in
http://www.tuninst.net/PED-TIL/UPMT01/an02/an02.htm#Aum-note 120603
Go back Sacred-word-note-b
-- UKT 140129
Unlike the letter <y> which is used
as a vowel in common English words such
as <my>, the letter <w> is
rarely seen being used as a vowel. So
when across Lonsdale transcribing
{AW} I could not easily accept it. It is
only now after studying the most back and
the open vowels, I find I have no choice to accept
{AW}. Still, I need to see words where
<w> is used as a vowel.
From Dictionary.com - http://dictionary.reference.com/help/faq/language/t50.html 140129
<Cwm> -- (a steep-walled semicircular basin in a mountain, sometimes containing a lake; a cirque) and <crwth> (an ancient Celtic musical instrument), both from the Welsh, use w as a vowel - standing for the same sound that oo stands for in boom and booth. <Crwth> is also spelled "crowd." [UKT ¶]
UKT 140129: Referring to my reliable source, Daniel Jones English Pronouncing Dictionary, on DJPD16-133:
• <cwm> - /kʊm/, /kuːm/
I do not find the entry for <crwth> . Yet, it is enough to show how stupid I have been all these years!
However, in words like <low> and <bow>, one can make a good case that the letter w represents a vowel. Both of these words end with one or another of the diphthongs of modern English. In each case, the second part of the diphthong is represented by w. By the way, l, m, n, and r may also sometimes represent vowels; that is, in English there are vowels that are routinely represented by these letters. They show up at the ends of the words "bottle," "bottom," "button," and "butter."
UKT 140129: In the above para, we seee " m, n, ... may sometimes represent vowels; ...". Remember these two letters are the only nasals, Eng-Lat has. We have seen that in Bur-Myan, words having {na.} and {ma.} as killed consonants in the coda gives three registers:
•
{kûn.},
{kûn},
{kûn:} -- allophones of /kʌn/
•{kûm.},
{kûm},
{kûm:} -- allophones of /kʌm/
For meanings of the above words in Bur-Myan, see MLC MED-2006 and others.Now we can conclude that, the presence of 3 pitch-registers in a series shows that the killed consonant in the coda is a vowel. From this we can extend to approximants, {ya.}, {ra.}, {la.}, and {wa.}. The fricatives hissers and non-hisser are a different matter.
Now, let's refer to my another favorite:
From Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_words_without_vowels 140129
English words without vowels are words in English either written without letters that conventionally are considered vowel letters, or spoken without vowel sounds. [UKT ¶]
In most languages of the world, all or nearly all lexical words have vowel sounds, and English is no exception; however, rhotic dialects of English (such as most varieties of American English) have words like nurse and word with a syllabic r sound, but these words are typically written with a vowel letter immediately prior to an r. On the other hand, there are words that are not written with an exclusively vowel letter (that is, 〈a〉 〈e〉 〈i〉 〈o〉 〈u〉), though they are pronounced with a vowel sound. [UKT ¶]
There also are some interjections and onomatopoeia that contain neither vowel sounds nor syllabic r and which are thus spelled with no vowel letter.
This article does not cover abbreviations, such as km or ms, nor acronyms
UKT: More in the Wikipedia article.
Go back w-vow-note-b
End of TIL file