paleozoic.htm
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geol-indx.htm
1.0.
Geology
1.1.0
1.1
Periods of the Paleozoic Era
UKT 180306: Paleozoic Era belongs to Phaerozoic Eon.
It is the longest era of the Phanerozoic Eon and is
preceded by Neoproterozoic Era.
The dividing line between Proterozoic Eon and
Phanerozoic Eon, is also the dividing line between
Neoproterozoic Era and Paleozoic Era.
From Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleozoic 180306
The Paleozoic (or Palaeozoic) Era ([1] [2] from the Greek palaios (παλαιός), "old" and zoe (ζωή), "life", meaning "ancient life" [3]) is the earliest of three geologic eras of the Phanerozoic Eon. It is the longest of the Phanerozoic eras, lasting from 541 to 251.902 Ma ago (million years ago), and is subdivided into six geologic periods (from oldest to youngest): the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian. The Paleozoic comes after the Neoproterozoic Era of the Proterozoic Eon and is followed by the Mesozoic Era.
The Paleozoic was a time of dramatic geological, climatic, and evolutionary change. The Cambrian witnessed the most rapid and widespread diversification of life in Earth's history, known as the Cambrian explosion, in which most modern phyla first appeared. Fish, arthropods, amphibians, anapsids, synapsids, euryapsids and diapsids all evolved during the Paleozoic. Life began in the ocean but eventually transitioned onto land, and by the late Paleozoic, it was dominated by various forms of organisms. Great forests of primitive plants covered the continents, many of which formed the coal beds of Europe and eastern North America. Towards the end of the era, large, sophisticated diapsids and synapsids were dominant and the first modern plants (conifers) appeared.
The Paleozoic Era ended with the largest extinction event in the history of Earth, the Permian–Triassic extinction event. The effects of this catastrophe were so devastating that it took life on land 30 million years into the Mesozoic Era to recover. [4] Recovery of life in the sea may have been much faster. [5]
The Paleozoic era began and ended with supercontinents and in between were the rise of mountains along the continental margins, and flooding and draining of shallow seas between. [UKT ¶]
At its start, the supercontinent Pannotia broke up. Paleoclimatic studies and evidence of glaciers indicate that central Africa was most likely in the polar regions during the early Paleozoic. During the early Paleozoic, the huge continent Gondwana (510ma) formed or was forming. By mid-Paleozoic, the collision of North America and Europe produced the Acadian-Caledonian uplifts, and a subduction plate uplifted eastern Australia. By the late Paleozoic, continental collisions formed the supercontinent of Pangaea and resulted in some of the great mountain chains, including the Appalachians, Ural Mountains, and mountains of Tasmania.
There are six periods in the Paleozoic Era:
1.
Cambrian period,
2.
Ordovician period,
3.
Silurian period,
4.
Devonian period,
5.
Carboniferous period (alternatively subdivided into the
Mississippian Period and the
Pennsylvanian Period)
6.
Permian period.
[6]
The Cambrian spans from 541 million years to 485 million years and is the first period of the Paleozoic era of the Phanerozoic. The Cambrian marked a boom in evolution in an event known as the Cambrian explosion in which the largest number of creatures evolved in any single period of the history of the Earth. Creatures like algae evolved, but the most ubiquitous of that period were the armored arthropods, like trilobites. Almost all marine phyla evolved in this period. During this time, the supercontinent Pannotia begins to break up, most of which later became the supercontinent Gondwana. [7]
