TIL

by U Kyaw Tun, et. al.

You'll need only Arial Unicode MS font to read these files. Any other Unicode font may not display the characters correctly

Contents of this file: garu | garu-bhanda | garu-dhamma | garu-kamma | garu-rūpa |

Contents | Top

ga-ra

garu

{ga.ru.}

PTS p246.
garu --  (Vedic: guru )
1. adj. (a) lit. heavy, opp. to lahu light, appld. to bhāra a load in rūpa-garu-bhāra -- the heavy load of form. (b) fig. important, to be esteemed, valued or valuable.
2. a venerable person, a teacher

Contents | Top

garu-kamma

{ga.ru. kam~ma.}
See: garu

UMK-USL p33
n. very weighty karma that cannot be obviated by any other karma.
Three forms, two bad and one good:
• ā-nan~tari-ya kamma
-- the commission of the five heinous deeds which will destine one to hell
• niyata-miccā-diṭṭhi
-- the ingrained entertaining of wrong concepts (immoral garukamma)
• maha-gata kamma —>
-- supremely developed kamma leading one to the fine material and the formless spheres of existences (moral garukamma)

garuka-kamma: weighty karma; s. karma.  -- NBD

PTS p100
ānantirika (ānantiriya ) -- without an interval, immediately following, successive
ānantirika kamma -- "conduct that finds retribution without delay"

PTS p368
niyata -- (adj.) restrained, bound to, constrained to, sure (as to the future), fixed (in its consequences), certain, assured, necessary

Contents | Top

garu-dhamma

{ga.ru. Dam~ma.}
Ref: garu

UMK-USL p34
a rule to be observed. There are 8 chief rules enum. at Vin II.255 = A IV.276, 280 ... -- PTS Dictionary p246. PTS did not elaborate further. Examples of such rules are given below.

1. The five precepts consisting of:
1. pānātipātā verāmaṇi -- abstaining from killing
2. adinnadānā verāmaṇi -- abstaining from taking that which has not been given
3. kāmesumicchācārā verāmaṇi -- abstaining from sexual misconduct
4. musāvādā verāmaṇi -- abstaining from falsehood
5. surāmeraya majjapamādaṭṭhā verāmaṇi -- abstaining from imbibing alcoholic drinks

2. The eight precepts prescribed for ordained bhikkhunī (female monks) are,
1. even a bhikkhunī who had been ordained for a hundred years must give respect to a recently ordained (male) monk
2. a bhikkhunī must observe the rain-retreat (approx: from July to October -- the rainy season in India and Myanmar) only in a monastery complex which had its own complement of (male) monks
3. a bhikkhunī has to request admonition (UKT: recitation of the rules of order and confessional) from (male) monks on the full moon day and the new moon day of each month
4. perform the end of rain-retreat procedure before an audience of male and female monks
5. be ordained by a complement of male and female monks only after a probationary period of two years

UKT:
bhikkhunī are ordained female monks. The bhikkhunī order is no longer in existence: being discontinued soon after the death of Gautama Buddha. The present day nuns {thi-la.shin} (lit. meaning: possessor of good sila ) are not bhikkhunī. See Buddhist Nuns in Myanmar .Why UMK-USL had given these rules is not clear to me. Though there are eight rules, I have given only the first five.):
   From the above, one may get the impression that Theravada Buddhism is against women. However, if one remembers that strict celibacy is the requirement of the order, we could see clearly that allowing women, especially women of child-bearing age, into the order is bound to bring in sex-problems similar to those found in the various Catholic churches in the West. That was what the elders of the Theravada Buddhist Councils were trying to prevent. See Buddhist Nuns in Myanmar -- by Dr. F. Lottermoser

Contents | Top

garu-bhaṇḍa

{ga.ru. Ban~da.}
Ref: garu

UMK-USL p35
n. (V.) things which belong to the monastic order as a whole and cannot be given to individual monks for personal use

PTS p497
bhaṇḍa -- 1. stock in trade, collective goods, wares, property, possessions, also "object"

Contents | Top

garu-rūpa

{ga-ru. ru-pa.}
Ref: garu

UMK-USL p35
n. heaviness of material qualities; the elements of extension and cohesion.
The elements of extension and cohesion are two from mahā-bhūta -- the four essential principles of matter:
1. paṭhavi -- extension (represented by Earth)
2. āpo -- cohesion or fluidity (represented by Water)

Contents | Top
End of TIL file