p001-3.htm
• A Practical Sanskrikt Dictionary,
by A. A. Macdonell, 1893,
http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MDScan/index.php?sfx=jpg;
1929.
- Nataraj ed., 1st in 2006, 2012.
-
https://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/macdonell/
190516
• The Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Grammar and
Dictionary, BHS, vol.2, by F. Edgerton,
pp. 627.
-
FEdgerton-BHSD<Ô> /
Bkp<Ô> (link chk 180627)
• The Student's Pali English dictionary ,
by U Pe Maung Tin, 1920.
- (ref: UPMT-PEDxxx).
Downloaded copies in TIL
HD-PDF and SD-PDF libraries:
-
UPMT-PaliDict1920<Ô> /
bkp<Ô> (link chk 190113)
• Pali-Myanmar Dictionary
(in Pal-Myan), by U Hoke Sein,
- (ref: UHS-PMD). The dictionary in printed form is
in TIL Research Library.
• Latin-English Vocabulary II, by
Hans H Ørberg, 1998
-
HHOrberg-LinguaLatina<Ô> /
Bkp<Ô> (link chk 190624)
Edited by U Kyaw Tun (UKT) (M.S., I.P.S.T., USA),
Daw Khin Wutyi, Daw Thuzar Myint, Daw Zinthiri Han
and staff of Tun Institute of Learning (TIL).
Not for sale. No copyright. Free for everyone.
Prepared for students and staff of TIL
Research Station, Yangon, MYANMAR
-
http://www.tuninst.net ,
www.romabama.blogspot.com
MC-indx.htm |
Top
MCpp-indx.htm
The following are entries of
{a.} with Awag-consonants
{a.wag byæÑ:} which do not have well defined POA (Place of Articulation). They are sometimes called Semi-consonants, or Semivowels. A typical example is
{wa.}/
{w} /w/ present in Bur-Myan and Eng-Lat, but not in Skt-Dev. The grapheme Bilabial
Note: Bilabial -
{nhoat-hkûm: nhic-hku.loän: pa-wín} "involves both lips"
Labial-dental -
{auk-nhoat-hkûm: nhín. a.htak-a.shé.þwa: pa-wín} "involves lower-lip and upper-front teeth".Awag-consonants
¤ semi-consonants{byæÑ:wak}:
{ya.}/
{ý},
{Ña.}/
{Ñ} ,
{ra.}/
{r},
{la.}/
{l},
¤ fricatives:{sha.}/
{sh},
{Sa.}/
{S},
{þa.}/
{þ}
¤ deep-H, etc.:{ha.}/
{h} :
The term deep-H is not applicable to Mon-Myan. Just listen to row#1 {ka.} consonants:
- bk-cndl-{ka.}-row<))
: they sound like /ka./, /hka./, /ké/ or /gé/, /hké/, /ngé/,
not the regular the regular Bur-Myan /ka./, /hka./, /ga./, /Ga./, /nga./ .
How I wish my great-great grand-mother Daw Mè Ma. (pure Mon speaker of Peguan dialect) were alive to help me with pronunciation. The Peguan dialect is now extinct. What you are hearing is the Martaban dialect which pronounces r1c3 as /gé/ instead of /ké/. In both Mon dialects, there is no "deep-H".
{
a.ka.ya.} vs.
{a.kèý}
{a.ka.ra.}
अकर
p001c2
{a.kar} :
{a.kaRR~} - Répha form
{a.ka.la.} : cf.
{a.kèý}
{a.kal} :
{a.kal~} - Lèpha form
{a.ka.wa.}
{a.kaS~} - mispronunciation of
{þa.} as dental-fricative
{Sa.}/
{S} produces this form
Remember, both
{Sa.} and
{sa.}, has the same pronunciation as onsets. They differ
only as codas.
UKT notes
• Rhoticity Scale for BEPS
• Super-consonants : discovery of Lisping
Consonants
{a.ka.ya.}
vs.
{a.kèý}
UKT 200421:
{hkèý-ma.} 'younger sister-in-law',
{þu-gnèý} 'male child',
{tèý-li-hpoan:} 'telephone'.
The effect of other codas,
{a.ka.ra.}
अकर
p001c1-b39/ p007-
• अकरण [ ¹. a-karana ]
Skt: अकरण [a-karana]
- ¹. - n. omission to do.
-- Mac0001c1
Skt: अकरण «akaraṇa»
- n. absence of action -- SpkSkt
BPal:
{a.ka.ra.Na.} -
UHS-PMD0002
UKT from UHS: mfn. what
should not have been done. n.
non-action, non physical action
p001c1-b40/ p007-
• अकरण
[ ². a-karana ]
- a. unartificial, natural.
p001c2-b00
• अकरुण
[ a-karuna ]
- a. pitiless; -tva, n. -ness.
{a.kar} :
{a.kaRR~} - Répha form
• «Akardama»
BHS: «Akardama»
- N. of a Buddhakṣetra - FE-BHS001c2b07
p001c2-b01/ p007-
• अकर्ण
[ á-karna ]
--> 
{a.kar~Na.}
Skt: अकर्ण
[ á-karna ]- a. deaf; without Karna
-- Mac001c2
BPal antonym:
{kûN~Na.} -- UHS-PMD0282
UKT from UHS: m. ear, ear-lobe,
edge, corner
UKT 141222, 200418: "Karna" was a hero in Kurukshetra War
{ku.ru.hkít~ta.ra sic~pwè:}. To represent his name in BEPS, which is spelled with a Repha, I've to define a Rhoticity Scale for BEPS.
p001c2-b02/ p007-
• अकर्णधार
[ a-karnadhâra ]
- a. pilotless.
UKT 130605: Why is कर्ण = क र ् ण =
p001c2-b03/ p007-
• अकर्तव्य
[ a-kartavya ]
- fp. not to be done; n.
misdeed.
p001c2-b04
not online
• अकर्तृ
«akartṛi »
= अ क र ् त ृ = 
{a.ka.tRRi.}
Skt: अकर्तृ
[a-kartri] - m. non-agent -- Mac001c1
Skt: अकर्तृ
«akartṛ» - m. not an agent, not active,
name applied to the puruSa -- SpkSkt
p001c2-b05/ p007-
• अकर्मक
[ a-karma-ka ]
- a. objectless, intransitive.
p001c2-b06/ p007-
• अकर्मकृत््
[ a-karma-krit ]
- a. inactive.
p001c2-b07/ p007-
• अकर्मण्य
[ a-karmanya ]
- a. ineffectual, useless.
p001c2-b08/ p007-
• अकर्मन््
[ a-karman ]
- n. inaction; a. (-mán) doing nothing,
idling; wicked.
p001c2-b09/ p007-
• अकर्मप्राप्ति
[ a-karma-prâpti ]
- f. non-intervention of fate.
p001c2-b10/ p007-
• अकर्मशील
[ a-karma-sîla ]
- a. inactive, idle.
p001c2-b11/ p007-
• अकर्मश्रान्त
[ a-karma-srânta ]
- pp. untiring in ritual.
{a.ka.la.} /
{a.kèl}
{a.kèl~} - Lèpha form
UKT 160319, 180705, 200421: From
I'd thought on 160319, that the ordinary conjunct{a.kèl~} would be more suitable. However I later came to know that the highly lateral vowel is present in Védic, but rare in Classical Sanskrit.
See video lessons by Dr. Pankaja Rajagopal , Shaale.com: School of Traditional Indian Arts and Literature
- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-ZRhg4pEMrNHVgVUKqpqKJ2FWBbusosK 170520On Skt vowels, see in SktDevGramm01 section in TIL HD-VIDEO and SD-VIDEO libraries:
- SktVow<Ô> / Bkp<Ô> (link chk 180821)See my note on Laterals-Rhotics-BEPS-note-b
See my note on Super-consonants
p001c2-b12/ p007-
• अकलङ्क
[ a-kalaṅka ]
Skt: a. spotless. -- Mac001c2
BPali antonym:
{ka.lïn~ka.}
- UHS-PMD030
UKT from UHS: m. identification spot,
stain, mistake (in recitation or writing)
p001c2-b13/ p007-
• अकलि [ a-kali ]
Skt: अकलि [a-kali]
-- a. not quarrelling, concordant.
-- Mac001c2
BPal antonym:
{ka.li.}
- UHS-PMD0300
UKT from UHS: m. mistake, wrong
attitude towards another person, wrong
deed, filth, loss, sputum, an wrong doer
UKT 180628: I am avoiding the word "sin" to avoid any connotation to the Christian idea of Original Sin. I maintain that a language must be religion-neutral. However, those who are interested in the idea of "Original Sin" should read: Wikepedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Original_sin 150118
" ... is the Christian doctrine of humanity's state of sin resulting from the fall of man, stemming from Adam's rebellion [against the Creator or God - by not obeying him] in [the Garden of] Eden. "
p001c2-b14/ p007-
• अकलित
[ a-kalita ]
- pp. unknown; undefinable.
p001c2-b15/ p007-
• अकलिप्रसर
[ akali-prasara ]
- a. where no quarrelling occurs.
{a.kèl} :
{a.kal~} - Lèpha form
¤
{a.kèl~la.} 'disease' - UHS PMD0003,
¤
p001c2-b16/ p007-
• अकल्ककलिल
[ a-kalka-kalila ]
- a. free from baseness.
p001c2-b17/ p007-
• अकल्कता
[ a-kalka-tâ ]
- f. honesty.
• «akalpika»
BHS: «akalpika»
- adj. (Pali akappiya ) improper ; -dāna , gift of
something that is improper - FE-BHSc2b08
• «a-kalpya»
BHS: «a-kalpya»
- adj. improper - FE-BHSc2b09
• «akalmāṣa»
BHS- adj. (Pal akamāsa) pure (lit. not variegated) - FE-BHSc2b10
p001c2-b18/ p007-
• अकल्य
[ 1. a-kalya ]
= अ क ल ् य =
Skt: अकल्य [a-kalya]
- ¹. a. not healthy, ill. -- Mac001c2
*BPal:
{a.kèl~la.ka.} -
UHS-PMD003
UKT from UHS: mfn. hurt, not healthy
BPal antonym:
{kèl~la.}
- UHS-PMD0302
UKT from UHS: ¹. mfn. suitable,
appropriate, physically healthy, articulate
(diplomatic). m. absence of physical
illness.
n. time of dawning [implying
a fresh start]
². mn. ash [implying
wood ash or the wood at
the end stage of change and no more change or illness]
p001c2-b19/ p007-
• अकल्य
[ 2. a-kalya ]
- fp. not to be guessed.
{a.ka.wa.}
p001c2-b20/ p007-
• अकव [ á-kava ]
- a. not niggardly, liberal.
p001c2-b21/p007-
• अकवि [ á-kavi ]
- a. not wise, foolish.
{a.kaS~} - mispronunciation of
{þa.} as
{Sa.} produces the Repha form
p001c2-b22/ p007-
• अकस्मात््
[ a-kasmât ]
= अ क स ् म ा त ्
- (ab.) ad. without apparent cause;
suddenly; accidentally.
p001c2-b23/ p007-
• अकस्मादागन्तु
[ akasmâd-âgantu ]
- m. chance-comer.
UKT 141222, 200418:
"Karna" कर्ण [name spelled with a Repha] was a hero who had stood on the side of Justice in
the story of Mahabharata. He sided with the Kauravas, who were supposed to
be "unjust", against the Pandavas in the Kurukshetra War
{ku.ru.hkít~ta.ra sic~pwè:}. He was "unjustly" killed in battle by Arjuna
the third Pandava brother - breaking the agreed rules of battle.
To find a clue to how to represent Repha in Romabama, I search for equivalent or near-equivalent words in Pal-Myan. UHS-PMD gives:
BPal:
{a.kûN~Na. nít~ta.} - UHS-PMD0001
UKT from UHS: mfn. extreme cruelty unfit to be heard or seen, harsh and cruel
Skt: «a-karṇya» - mfn. not fit for the ears Pāṇ. Sch -- MonWilliWash001c1
We are only used to Pal-Myan rhotic-Ra'ric
{kRa.}: regular Bur-Myan Ra'ric
{kra.} is non-rhotic-Ra'ric and it sounds like /
{kya.}/. Repha is a diacritic to denote rhoticity, but it is different from
rhotic-Ra'ric. Then, there is another very rhotic sound in Sanskrit, but it
is closed. Because of such kinds of rhoticity, I've to define a Rhoticity
Scale for BEPS
Go back Rhoticity-Scale-note-b
UKT 130606, 180705, 200421:
I don't expect any pronouncing problem in
non-rhotic Bur-Myan on
{a.ka.la.} &
{a.kèl}. However it is probably not so in Skt-Dev - a rhotic language. It
seems that
{a.kèl} is more related to
{a.kar} and its Repha form
{a.kaRR~} than to non-rhotic
{a.kèý}. This calls for introduction of a new term Lepha form,
{a.kal~}.
In Repha form,
{ra.} has been raised to what may be called Super-R
{a.kaRR~}. In Lepha form,
{a.kal~},
{la.} is the Super-L.
Super-L is a highly lateral vowel is
present in Védic, but rare in Classical Sanskrit.
See video lessons by Dr. Pankaja Rajagopal ,
Shaale.com: School of Traditional Indian
Arts and Literature:
-
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-ZRhg4pEMrNHVgVUKqpqKJ2FWBbusosK
170520
On Skt vowels, listen to Sanskrit Vowels in BkCandle-VIDEO:
- SktVow<Ô> /
Bkp<Ô> (link chk 200421)
My introduction of Super-consonants, led me to the discovery of what I'm calling
Lisping consonants, in which the super-consonant is the Dental Super-S.
{Sa.}/
{S},
e.g.
{S~ka.}/{ska.}.
Remember, the Super-S is dental-hisser and not
palatal-stop.
Go back Super-consonants-note-b
End of TIL file
