p154.htm
• A Practical Sanskrikt Dictionary,
by A. A. Macdonell, 1893,
http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MDScan/index.php?sfx=jpg;
1929.
-
Nataraj ed., 1st in 2006, 2012.
-
https://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/macdonell/ 190516
• The Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Grammar and
Dictionary, BHS, vol.2, by F. Edgerton,
pp. 627.
-
FEdgerton-BHSD<Ô> /
Bkp<Ô> (link chk 180627)
• The Student's Pali English dictionary ,
by U Pe Maung Tin, 1920.
- (ref: UPMT-PEDxxx).
Downloaded copies in TIL
HD-PDF and SD-PDF libraries:
-
UPMT-PaliDict1920<Ô> /
bkp<Ô> (link chk 190113)
• Pali-Myanmar Dictionary
(in Pal-Myan), by U Hoke Sein,
- (ref: UHS-PMD). The dictionary in printed form is in TIL Research Library.
• Latin-English Vocabulary II, by Hans H Ørberg, 1998
-
HHOrberg-LinguaLatina<Ô> /
Bkp<Ô> (link
chk 190624)
Edited by U Kyaw Tun (UKT) (M.S., I.P.S.T., USA),
Daw Khin Wutyi, Daw Thuzar Myint, Daw Zinthiri Han
and staff of Tun Institute of Learning (TIL).
Not for sale. No copyright. Free for everyone.
Prepared for students and staff of TIL
Research Station, Yangon, MYANMAR
-
http://www.tuninst.net ,
www.romabama.blogspot.com
MC-indx.htm |
Top
MCpp-indx.htm
p154-c1
{pa.ra.sha.}
{pa.ra.þa.}
{pa.ra}
{pa.ra-ka.}
{pa.ra-sa.}
: palatal
p154-c2
{pa.ra-ya.}
{pa.raar}
: instead of
{pa.ra-ra.},
a repha is formed
{pa.ra.wa.}
{pa.ra-sha.}
p154-c3
{pa.ra-þa.}
{pa.ra-ha.}
{pa.ri.}
{pa.ri.ka.}
{pa.ri.Ga.}
UKT notes :
• petitio principii - begging the
question
• Visarga :
{wic~sa.pauk}
p154c1-b00/ p093
• परशु parasu [ para-sú ]
-- m. axe, hatchet: (u)-mát,
a. provided with an axe; -râma,
m. Râma with the axe, ep. of Râma, son of Gamadagni.
परशु para-sú
axe, hatchet: (u)-mát, a. provided with an axe; -râma, m.
Râma with the axe, ep. of Râma, son of Gamadagni.
p154c1-b01/ p093
• परश्वध
parasvadha [ parasvadha ]
-- m. axe, hatchet.
परश्वध parasvadha
axe, hatchet.
p154c1-b02/ p093
• परश्वस्
parasvas [ para-svas ]
-- ad. day after to-morrow.
परश्वस् para-svas
day after to-morrow.
p154c1-b03/ p093
• परःशत
parhsata [ parah-satá ]
-- a. more than 100; containing more than 100 verses.
परःशत parah-satá
more than 100; containing more than 100 verses.
p154c1-b04/ p093
• परस् paras [ par-ás ]
-- (V.) ad. [√2. pri: cp. tir-as] further, beyond, away, afar;
in future, later; prp. with ac. beyond, more than; with in., id.;
without; with ab. beyond, except.
परस् par-ás [√2.
pri: cp. tir-as] further, beyond, away, afar; in future,
later; prp. with ac. beyond, more than; with in., id.;
without; with ab. beyond, except.
p154c1-b05/ not online
• [parasât-kri]
-- makeover to another man, marry a girl to.
p154c1-b06/ p093
• परसेवा
paraseva [ para-sevâ ]
-- f. service of others.
परसेवा para-sevâ
service of others.
p154c1-b07/ p093
• परस्तराम्
parastaram [ paras-tarâm ]
-- ad. further.
परस्तराम्
paras-tarâm further.
p154c1-b08/ p093
• परस्तात्
parastat [ parás-tât ]
-- ad. prp. with g. afar, further, beyond;
above, higher than; from above, before, or
behind; afterwards, later: (d) ava gamyata eva,
what follows can be guessed.
परस्तात्
parás-tât afar, further, beyond; above, higher than; from
above, before, or behind; afterwards, later: (d) avagamyata
eva, what follows can be guessed.
p154c1-b09/ p093
• परस्थान
parasthana [ para-sthâna ]
-- n. foreign country; strange place.
परस्थान
para-sthâna foreign country; strange place.
p154c1-b10/ p093
• परस्पर
paraspara [ para-s-para ]
-- a.: ac. each other; in. by or with each other;
g. of each other; °--, -tas, -m,
ad. each other, mutually; -gña,
a. knowing one another, intimate; -vyâvritti,
f. mutual exclusion; -sthita,
pp. standing op posite each other; -‿âdin,
a. devouring one another; -‿amisha-tâ,
f. condition of being one another's prey;
-‿âsraya, m. mutual dependence,
petitio principii ; a. mutual; -‿upa-kâra,
m. mutual benefit.
परस्पर
para-s-para each other; in. by or with each other; g. of
each other; °--, -tas, -m, ad. each other, mutually; -gña,
a. knowing one another, intimate; -vyâvritti, f. mutual
exclusion; -sthita, pp. standing opposite each other;
-̮âdin, a. devouring one another; -̮amisha-tâ, f. condition
of being one another's prey; -̮âsraya, m. mutual dependence,
petitio principii; a. mutual; -̮upa-kâra, m. mutual benefit.
See my note on petitio principii - begging the question
p154c1-b11/ p093
• परस्मैपद
parasmaipada [ parasmai-pada ]
-- n. (word for an other), transitive form,
personal endings of the active (gr.).
परस्मैपद
parasmai-pada (word for another), transitive form, personal
endings of the active (gr.).
p154c1-b12/ p093
• परस्व
parasva [ para-sva ]
-- n. sg. & pl. property of others:
-‿âdâyin, a. appropriating the
property of others.
परस्व para-sva
property of others: -̮âdâyin, a. appropriating the property
of others.
p154c1-b13/ p093
• परःसहस्र
parhsahasra [ párah-sahasra (or rá) ]
-- a. pl. more than a thousand.
परःसहस्र párah-sahasra
(or rá) more than a thousand.
p154c1-b14/ p093
• परहित
parahita [ para-hita ]
-- n. welfare of others.
परहित para-hita
welfare of others.
{pa.ra}
Skt-Dev (showing vowel lengths):
{pa.ra.} (short),
{pa.raH} (vowel length ?)
Skt-Myan (showing pitch-registers):
{pa.ra:} (emphatic)
Romabama has to differentiate
{pa.rah} because
{wic~sa.} and
{ha.þût} seems to be quite different as phones. I am waiting for input from Mon-Myan pronunciation and orthography. -- UKT120630
See my note on Visarga
p154c1-b15/ p093
• परा para [ párâ ]
-- ad. backward, away, forth, off (verbal prp.
and nominal prefix).
परा párâ
backward, away, forth, off (verbal prp. and nominal prefix).
p154c1-b16/ p093
• पराक्
parak [ parâk (or ṅ) ]
-- n. of parâñk.
पराक् parâk (or
ṅ) parâñk.
p154c1-b17/ not online
• [parâk-á]
-- distance: lc. at a distance; ab. from
a distance, far; m. kind of penance.
p154c1-b18/ p093
• पराक्रम
parakrama [ parâ-krama ]
-- m. sg. & pl. bold ad vance, valour;
power, strength, might; prowess; forcible means;
N. of a fairy prince; -kramin, a. valorous, mighty.
पराक्रम
parâ-krama bold advance, valour; power, strength, might;
prowess; forcible means; N. of a fairy prince; -kramin, a.
valorous, mighty.
p154c1-b19/ p093
• पराग paraga [ parâ-ga ]
-- m. sg. & pl. [going forth, dispersing],
pollen; dust; -gamana, n. departure;
-g-in, a. having pollen.
पराग parâ-ga
[going forth, dispersing], pollen; dust; -gamana, n.
departure; -g-in, a. having pollen.
p154c1-b20/ p093
• पराङ्ग
paranga [ para‿aṅga ]
-- m. hinder part of the body.
पराङ्ग para̮aṅga
hinder part of the body.
p154c1-b21/ p093
• पराङ्मुख
paranmukha [ parâṅ-mukha ]
-- a. (î) having one's face averted; turning one's back upon
(g.), fleeing from (ab.); averted (gaze); averse from, not
caring for, avoiding, indifferent to (prati, g., lc., --°); adverse:
-tâ, f. aversion of the face; -tva, n. aversion, to
(--°); î-bhû, avert the face, flee; not care for (g.); become
adverse (fate).
पराङ्मुख
parâṅ-mukha (î) having one's face averted; turning one's
back upon (g.), fleeing from (ab.); averted (gaze); averse
from, not caring for, avoiding, indifferent to (prati, g.,
lc., --°); adverse: -tâ, f. aversion of the face; -tva, n.
aversion, to (--°); î-bhû, avert the face, flee; not care
for (g.); become adverse (fate).
p154c1-b22/ p093
• पराची
paraci [ párâk-î ]
-- f. of parâñk.
पराची párâk-î
parâñk.
p154c1-b23/ p093
• पराचीन
paracina [ parâk-îna ]
-- a. averted; being beyond; indifferent to (ab.);
unsuitable: -m, ad. beyond, away from (ab.);
after (ab.); more.
पराचीन parâk-îna
averted; being beyond; indifferent to (ab.); unsuitable: -m,
ad. beyond, away from (ab.); after (ab.); more.
p154c1-b24/ p093
• पराचैस्
paracais [ parâkaís ]
-- ad. (in. pl. of parâ‿ak-a) aside, away:
dûre --, far away.
पराचैस् parâkaís
parâ̮ak-a) aside, away: dûre --, far away.
( p154c1 end )
p154c2-b00/ p093
• पराजय
parajaya [ parâ-gaya ]
-- m. deprivation, loss, of (ab., --°);
defeat; loss of a lawsuit; subjugation,
conquest of (g., --°); -gi-shnu,
a. victorious.
पराजय parâ-gaya
deprivation, loss, of (ab., --°); defeat; loss of a lawsuit;
subjugation, conquest of (g., --°); -gi-shnu, a. victorious.
p154c2-b01/ not online
• [párâ‿añk ]
-- a. turned away, turning the back, averted;
standing behind one another; following after (ab.);
passed away, irrevocable; n. parâk
( ṅ ) ad.
p154c2-b02/ p093
• पराञ्चिन्
parancin [ parâñk-in ]
-- a. not returning.
पराञ्चिन् parâñk-in
not returning.
p154c2-b03/ p093
• परात्मन्
paratman [ para‿âtman ]
-- m. supreme soul.
परात्मन्
para̮âtman supreme soul.
p154c2-b04/ p093
• पराधिकार
paradhikara [ para‿adhikâra ]
-- m. another's office or post: -karkâ,
f. interference with another's concerns, officiousness;
-‿adhîna, a. dependent on another, subject, subservient;
dependent on (--°); engaged or absorbed in, engrossed by (--°);
-tâ, f. dependence, subjection.
पराधिकार
para̮adhikâra another's office or post: -karkâ, f.
interference with another's concerns, officiousness;
-̮adhîna, a. dependent on another, subject, subservient;
dependent on (--°); engaged or absorbed in, engrossed by
(--°); -tâ, f. dependence, subjection.
p154c2-b05/ p093
• परान्न
paranna [ para‿anna ]
-- n. food of another: -bhog in,
a. eating the food of another, living at another's cost.
परान्न para̮anna
food of another: -bhogin, a. eating the food of another,
living at another's cost.
p154c2-b06/ p093
• परापर
parapara [ para‿apara ]
-- n. the further and the nearer;
the earlier and the later (cause and effect);
the higher and the lower, the better and the worse:
-tâ, f. condition of being both genus and species;
absoluteness and relativity; -tva,
n. id.; priority and posteriority;
absoluteness and relativity.
परापर para̮apara
the further and the nearer; the earlier and the later (cause
and effect); the higher and the lower, the better and the
worse: -tâ, f. condition of being both genus and species;
absoluteness and relativity; -tva, n. id.; priority and
posteriority; absoluteness and relativity.
p154c2-b07/ p093
• पराभव
parabhava [ parâ-bhavá ]
-- m. departure; disappearance; defeat, overthrow;
humiliation, frustration, mortification
(by, in., ab.); -bhâ va, m. defeat;
(párâ)-bhûti, f. defeat, humiliation,
mortification (by, ab., --°).
पराभव parâ-bhavá
departure; disappearance; defeat, overthrow; humiliation,
frustration, mortification (by, in., ab.); -bhâva, m.
defeat; (párâ)-bhûti, f. defeat, humiliation, mortification
(by, ab., --°).
p154c2-b08/ p093
• परामर्श
paramarsa [ parâ-marsa ]
-- m.
injury; assault, attack, on (g., lc., --°); relation to;
recollection; reflexion, consideration.
परामर्श parâ-marsa
injury; assault, attack, on (g., lc., --°); relation to;
recollection; reflexion, consideration.
p154c2-b09/ p093
• परायण
parayana [ parấ‿ayana ]
{pa.ra-ya.Na.}
-- n. 1. departure; 2. (a‿ayana),
highest aim, last resort, refuge; chief thing, essence;
determining agent (of, g.); a certain work; a. --°,
wholly occupied with, intent on, devoted to,
engrossed by, exclusively referring to;
a. being the last refuge for (g.).
परायण paraN̮ayana
1. departure; 2. (a̮ayana), highest aim, last resort,
refuge; chief thing, essence; determining agent (of, g.); a
certain work; a. --°, wholly occupied with, intent on,
devoted to, engrossed by, exclusively referring to; a. being
the last refuge for (g.).
p154c2-b10/ p093
•
परायती
parayati [ parâ-yat-&isharp; ]
-- f.
pr. pt. (√i) gone by, departed (dawn: RV.).
परायती
parâ-yat-î (√i) gone by, departed (dawn: RV.).
p154c2-b11/ p093
• परायत्त
parayatta [ para‿âyatta ]
= प र ा य त ् त
-- pp. dependent on another; dependent on,
overcome by (--°).
परायत्त
para̮âyatta dependent on another; dependent on, overcome by
(--°).
{pa.raar}
Instead of
p154c2-b12/ p093
• परार्थ
parartha [ para‿artha ]
-- m. great importance; another's affair or interests, advantage of others;
(chief thing=) copulation: -m, lc., °--, for another's sake,
for the good of others; a. having another purpose; existing for others;
-ka, a. id.: -tva, n. abst.
ɴ.; -tâ, f. abst.
ɴ.; -vâd in, a. speaking for another, proxy.
परार्थ
para̮artha great importance; another's affair or interests,
advantage of others; (chief thing=) copulation: -m, lc.,
°--, for another's sake, for the good of others; a. having
another purpose; existing for others; -ka, a. id.: -tva, n.
abst. n.; -tâ, f. abst. n.; -vâdin, a. speaking for another,
proxy.
p154c2-b13
• परार्थिन्
pararthin [ para‿arthin ]
-- a. striving for what is highest.
परार्थिन्
para̮arthin striving for what is highest.
p154c2-b14/ p093
• परार्ध
parardha [ para‿ardhá ]
-- m. ulterior side, other half; m. n.
the highest number: 100,000,000,000,000,000
[UKT: 1x1017 ] ; -‿ardh-ya,
a. being on the other side; most excellent,
noblest, highest, best; more excellent than (ab.).
परार्ध
para̮ardhá ulterior side, other half; m. n. the highest
number: 100,000, 000,000,000,000; -̮ardh-ya, a. being on the
other side; most excellent, noblest, highest, best; more
excellent than (ab.).
p154c2-b15/ p093
• परावत्
paravat [ parâ-vát ]
-- f. distance.
परावत् parâ-vát
distance.
p154c2-b16/ p093
• परावर paravara
[ para‿avara ]
-- a. farther and nearer, preceding and following,
superior and inferior; all-comprising;
n. cause and effect; totality.
परावर para̮avara
farther and nearer, preceding and following, superior and
inferior; all-comprising; n. cause and effect; totality.
p154c2-b17/ p093
• परावर्तन
paravartana [ parâ-vartana ]
-- n. turning round; -vritti,
f. return; failure; exchange.
परावर्तन
parâ-vartana turning round; -vritti, f. return; failure;
exchange.
p154c2-b18/ p093
• परावसथशायिन्
paravasathasayin [ para‿avasatha-sâyin ]
-- a. sleeping in another's house.
परावसथशायिन्
para̮avasatha-sâyin sleeping in another's house.
p154c2-b19/ p093
• पराशर
parasara [ parâ-sará ]
-- m. destroyer; N.
पराशर parâ-sará
destroyer; N.
p154c2-b20/ not online
• [para‿âsraya]
-- m. dependence on others; a. dependent on others;
-‿âsrita , pp. id.; m. dependent, servant.
p154c3-b00/ p093
• परासु
parasu [ parâ‿asu ]
-- a. whose breath is departing, dying;
expired, lifeless, dead; -tâ,
f., -tva, n. apathy; nearness of death.
परासु parâ̮asu
whose breath is departing, dying; expired, lifeless, dead;
-tâ, f., -tva, n. apathy; nearness of death.
p154c3-b01/ p093
• परासेध
parasedha [ parâ-sedha ]
-- m. custody, prison.
परासेध
parâ-sedha custody, prison.
p154c3-b02/ p093
• पराह्ल
parahla [ para‿ahna ]
= प र ा ह ् ल
-- m. afternoon.
पराह्ल para̮ahna
afternoon.
{pa.ri.}
p154c3-b03/ p093
• परि pari [ pári ]
Skt:
-- ad. around; °--, fully, quite, entirely,
excessively; prp. with ac. about (of time
and place); against, towards; over, more than;
with ab. from; on account of; according to. -- Mac153
परि pári around;
°--, fully, quite, entirely, excessively; prp. with ac.
about (of time and place); against, towards; over, more
than; with ab. from; on account of; according to.
BPal:
{pa.ri.}
- 
-- UHS-PMD0618
UKT from UHS - prefix showing what has happened from the above, completeness, absoluteness, perfection
p154c3-b04/ p093
• परिकम्पिन्
parikampin [ pari-kampin ]
-- a. trembling violently; -kara, m. sg. & pl. retinue, dependents;
assistance, expedient; addition; abundance, multitude; girdle for looping up
a garment: -m bandh or kri, gird oneself
for, prepare to (lc. or inf.); -karita, pp. accompanied by
(in.); -karman, n. adoration; decoration of the person,
anointing the body; purification, means of purifying; preparation for (--°);
-karma-ya, den. P. adorn; -karmin, m. attendant,
servant; -kalayitri, a. enclosing; -kalpana, n.
cheating; -kîrtana, n. proclaiming aloud, promulgation; naming;
-kopa, m. violent anger; -krama, m. succession,
order; -kraya, m. hire; redemption, peace purchased with money;
-kriyâ, f. attention to (--°); -kleda, m.
wetness; -klesa, m. hard ship; trouble, suffering;
-kshaya, m. disappearance, cessation, failure; decline; ruin;
-kshâna, n. pl. coal-dust; -kshâma, a.
emaciated; -kshit, a. dwelling around (Agni), extending
around (du., heaven and earth); m. N. of various princes; -kshiti,
f. wounding; -kshîna, pp. emaciated, wasted
away; -kshepa, m. moving to and fro; surrounding, encompassing;
that which encircles; compass.
परिकम्पिन्
pari-kampin trembling violently; -kara, m. sg. & pl.
retinue, dependents; assistance, expedient; addition;
abundance, multitude; girdle for looping up a garment: -m
bandh or kri, gird oneself for, prepare to (lc. or inf.);
-karita, pp. accompanied by (in.); -karman, n. adoration;
decoration of the person, anointing the body; purification,
means of purifying; preparation for (--°); -karma-ya, den.
P. adorn; -karmin, m. attendant, servant; -kalayitri, a.
enclosing; -kalpana, n. cheating; -kîrtana, n. proclaiming
aloud, promulgation; naming; -kopa, m. violent anger;
-krama, m. succession, order; -kraya, m. hire; redemption,
peace purchased with money; -kriyâ, f. attention to (--°);
-kleda, m. wetness; -klesa, m. hardship; trouble, suffering;
-kshaya, m. disappearance, cessation, failure; decline;
ruin; -kshâna, n. pl. coal-dust; -kshâma, a. emaciated;
-kshit, a. dwelling around (Agni), extending around (du.,
heaven and earth); m. N. of various princes; -kshiti, f.
wounding; -kshîna, pp. emaciated, wasted away; -kshepa, m.
moving to and fro; surrounding, encompassing; that which
encircles; compass.
p154c3-b05/ p093
• परिखण्डन
parikhandana [ pari-khandana ]
-- n. diminution, derogation; -khâ,
f. trench, moat, fosse; -khî-kri,
turn into a moat; -kheda, m. exhaustion,
fatigue.
परिखण्डन
pari-khandana diminution, derogation; -khâ, f.
trench, moat, fosse; -khî-kri, turn into a moat; -kheda, m.
exhaustion, fatigue.
p154c3-b06/ p093
• परिगणन
pariganana [ pari-ganana ]
-- n., â, f. complete enumeration, exact statement; counting;
-gananîya, fp. to be completely enumerated, -exactly
stated; *-ganit-in, a. having fully considered
everything; -gata, pp. encom passed, surrounded;
overwhelmed: -‿artha, a. familiar with a thing;
-gantavya, fp. attain able; -gama, m. acquaintance;
occupation with (--°); -garvita, pp. very haughty;
-garhana, n. censure; -grihîti,
f. inclusion; -grahá, m. embracing; inclusion; putting on,
assumption (of a body); taking; laying hold of; acceptance, receipt;
deriving from (ab.); obtainment, acquisition, possession; admission,
reception; marrying, marriage; selection; taking to mean; undertaking, prac tice
of, addiction to (--°); grace, favour, as sistance; claim, to (lc.);
amount, sum, total number; property; wife (also coll.); depend ents,
household, family, concubines of a king; abode; root, foundation;
-grahana, n. put ting on; -graha-tva, n.
woman's marriage with (--°); -grahîtri, m. husband;
adopted father; -grâhaka, a. doing a favour; -grâh ya,
fp. to be kindly treated; -glâna, pp. (√glai)
exhausted.
परिगणन pari-ganana
complete enumeration, exact statement; counting; -gananîya,
fp. to be completely enumerated, -- exactly stated;
*-ganit-in, a. having fully considered everything; -gata,
pp. encompassed, surrounded; overwhelmed: -̮artha, a.
familiar with a thing; -gantavya, fp. attainable; -gama, m.
acquaintance; occupation with (--°); -garvita, pp. very
haughty; -garhana, n. censure; -grihîti, f. inclusion;
-grahá, m. embracing; inclusion; putting on, assumption (of
a body); taking; laying hold of; acceptance, receipt;
deriving from (ab.); obtainment, acquisition, possession;
admission, reception; marrying, marriage; selection; taking
to mean; undertaking, practice of, addiction to (--°);
grace, favour, assistance; claim, to (lc.); amount, sum,
total number; property; wife (also coll.); dependents,
household, family, concubines of a king; abode; root,
foundation; -grahana, n. putting on; -graha-tva, n. woman's
marriage with (--°); -grahîtri, m. husband; adopted father;
-grâhaka, a. doing a favour; -grâhya, fp. to be kindly
treated; -glâna, pp. (√glai) exhausted.
p154c3-b07/ p093
• परिघ parigha [ pari-gha ]
-- m. iron gate-bar (with which powerful arms
are often compared); bar, obstacle (fig.);
iron club, mace encased with iron; streak of cloud across the
rising or setting sun; palace-gate, gate; -ghattana,
n. friction; -ghâta, m. removal; -ghâtin, a.
transgressing (--°); -gha‿upama, a. like iron
bars.
परिघ pari-gha
iron gate-bar (with which powerful arms are often compared);
bar, obstacle (fig.); iron club, mace encased with iron;
streak of cloud across the rising or setting sun;
palace-gate, gate; -ghattana, n. friction; -ghâta, m.
removal; -ghâtin, a. transgressing (--°); -gha̮upama, a.
like iron bars.
• परिचय
paricaya [ pari-kaya ]
{pa.ri.sa.ya.}
-- m. 1.
accumulation; 2. acquaintance, knowledge; intimacy; familiarity with, practice
of (in.±samam, g., lc.,
( p154c3 end )
( p155c1-top )
--°); repetition
or frequency of (--°): -vat, a. well-known;
-kara, m. companion; attendant, servant;
-kárana, m. attendant; n.
service; attendance on (--°); -karanîya,
fp. to be tended; applicable; -karitavya, fp.
to be tended, served, or honoured; -karya,
fp. to be tended or honoured: â, f. attendance,
service, devotion, homage; -kâra-ka, m. assistant,
attendant, servant: ikâ, f. female attendant, waiting-maid;
-kârana, n. at tendance;
-kâr-in, a. attending on, doing homage to (--°):
(-i)-tâ, f. abst. ɴ.;
-kiti, f. acquaintance, intimacy with (--°);
-kintanî ya, fp. to be maturely considered;
-kumb ana, n. passionate kissing.
परिचय pari-kaya
1. accumulation; 2. acquaintance, knowledge; intimacy;
familiarity with, practice of (in.±samam, g., lc., --°);
repetition or frequency of (--°): -vat, a. well-known;
-kara, m. companion; attendant, servant; -kárana, m.
attendant; n. service; attendance on (--°); -karanîya, fp.
to be tended; applicable; -karitavya, fp. to be tended,
served, or honoured; -karya, fp. to be tended or honoured:
â, f. attendance, service, devotion, homage; -kâra-ka, m.
assistant, attendant, servant: ikâ, f. female attendant,
waiting-maid; -kârana, n. attendance; -kâr-in, a. attending
on, doing homage to (--°): (-i)-tâ, f. abst. n.; -kiti, f.
acquaintance, intimacy with (--°); -kintanîya, fp. to be
maturely considered; -kumbana, n. passionate kissing.
UKT: p154c3-b08 moved to next file
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If you are just a user, use Windows navigation.<Previous Page [153] <Page 154> Next Page [155]>
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Back to the Search Page | Back to the DDSA PageThe entries were given not only in HTML (which is very misleading) but also in simple ASCII which can be easily related to IAST . I am removing the so-called HTML which were in [...] and substituting simple ASCII.
From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Begging_the_question 120629
Begging
the question (Latin petitio principii, "assuming the initial
point") is a type of logical fallacy in which a proposition is made that uses
its own premise as proof of the proposition. In other words, it is a statement
that refers to its own assertion to prove the assertion. Such arguments are
essentially of the form "a is true because a is true" though rarely is such an
argument stated as such. Often the premise 'a' is only one of many premises that
go into proving that 'a' is true as a conclusion.
The first known definition in the West is by Aristotle around 350 BC, in his book Prior Analytics, where he classified it as a material fallacy. Begging the question is related to the circular argument, circulus in probando (Latin, "circle in proving") or circular reasoning, though these are considered absolutely different by Aristotle.[1]
UKT: More in the Wikipedia article
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From Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visarga 120630
Visarga (visarga) (विसर्ग) is a Sanskrit word meaning "sending forth, discharge". [UKT ¶]
In Sanskrit phonology (śikṣā), visarga (also called, equivalently, visarjanīya by earlier grammarians) is the name of a phone, [h], written as IAST 〈ḥ〉, Harvard-Kyoto 〈H〉, Devanagari 〈ः〉. The circle stands in for a consonant and is not an actual letter; the two dots on the right form the Visarga.
Wikipedia's brackets〈 〉are non-ASCII. In Romabama, we use as their equivalents the ASCII-compatible « ». -- UKT120630
Visarga is an allophone of /r/ and /s/ in pausa (at the end of an utterance). [UKT ¶]
UKT: 120630
The statement that "visarga is an allophone of /r/ and /s/" shows that the natures of Skt-Dev «ः» and its look-alike Bur-Myan
I have abbreviated the original dictionary entry for ease of reading. The reader should note that MLC (Myanmar Language Commission) the publisher of MED2006 is still not aware that their own language is quite unique in being one of the few pitch-register languages. They still continue to describe it as a "tonal-language" similar to the Thai. I have indicated that what they mean by "de-vowelized consonant" is a consonant whose inherent vowel has been killed by a virama aka
{a.þût}. Their definition only applies to the killed consonants of column #5 of the Myanmar akshara matrix: {nga.} /ŋ/, {ña.} /ɲ/, {Na.} /ɳ/, {na.} /n/ and {ma.} /m/. The following is an application of
Coming back to the statement that "visarga is an allophone of /r/ and /s/" is disturbing to me from the point of view of POA (Point of Articulation). Though /r/ and /s/ are both dental or alveolar, /r/ is rhotic without a hissing sound, but /s/ is non-rhotic with a highly hissing sound. [The reader should not get confused with palatal /c/ and dental /s/ though both are written with the same glyph in Bur-Myan which makes it necessary to differentiate them in Romabama as {sa.}/{c} for /c/, and {Sa.}/{s} for /s/.]. The definition of allophone is:
al·lo·phone n. Linguistics 1. A predictable phonetic variant of a phoneme. For example, the aspirated t of top [Bur-Myan
{hta.} ], the unaspirated t of stop [Bur-Myan
{ta.}], and the tt (pronounced d ) of batter are allophones of the English phoneme t. -- AHTD
Thus, /r/ and /s/ cannot be looked on together. Whatever the case maybe it highlights my assertion that Bur-Myan
Since /-s/ is a common inflectional suffix (of nominative singular, second person singular, etc.), visarga appears frequently in Sanskrit texts. In the traditional order of Sanskrit sounds, visarga together with anusvāra appears between vowels and stop consonants.
The precise pronunciation of visarga in Vedic texts may vary between shakhas. Some pronounce a slight echo of the preceding vowel after the fricative, for example aḥ will be pronounced [ɐhᵄ], and iḥ will be pronounced [ihⁱ].
In Tamil, the visarga is called āytam, written ஃ. Apart from a modern use as a diacritic to write foreign sounds, it is archaic and employed only in idiomatic and fossilized words such as அஃது, இஃது etc. It is mentioned in the earliest available Tamil grammatical treatise, Tolkāppiyam (1:1:2), where it is categorized as an allophone (cārpezuttu "dependent sound"). As stated by Krishnamurti (Krishnamurti:2003 p154 [1] ) "The properties of āytam, as described by Tolkāppiyam, were: (1) it occurred after a short vowel and before a stop (voiceless), and its place of articulation is like that of the stop. In other words, ... assimilates to the following voiceless stop".
In the
Burmese script, the visarga (variously called
ရှေ့ကပေါက် shay ga pauk,
wizza
{wic~sa.pauk}, or
ရှေ့ဆီး shay zi and represented with two dots to the right of the
letter as ◌း), when used with joined to a
letter, creates the
high tone.
UKT: End of Wikipedia article
Go back visarga-note-b
End of TIL file
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