p151.htm
• A Practical Sanskrikt Dictionary,
by A. A. Macdonell, 1893,
http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MDScan/index.php?sfx=jpg;
1929.
-
Nataraj ed., 1st in 2006, 2012.
-
https://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/macdonell/ 190516
• The Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Grammar and
Dictionary, BHS, vol.2, by F. Edgerton,
pp. 627.
-
FEdgerton-BHSD<Ô> /
Bkp<Ô> (link chk 180627)
• The Student's Pali English dictionary ,
by U Pe Maung Tin, 1920.
- (ref: UPMT-PEDxxx).
Downloaded copies in TIL
HD-PDF and SD-PDF libraries:
-
UPMT-PaliDict1920<Ô> /
bkp<Ô> (link chk 190113)
• Pali-Myanmar Dictionary
(in Pal-Myan), by U Hoke Sein,
- (ref: UHS-PMD). The dictionary in printed form is in TIL Research Library.
• Latin-English Vocabulary II, by Hans H Ørberg, 1998
-
HHOrberg-LinguaLatina<Ô> /
Bkp<Ô> (link
chk 190624)
Edited by U Kyaw Tun (UKT) (M.S., I.P.S.T., USA),
Daw Khin Wutyi, Daw Thuzar Myint, Daw Zinthiri Han
and staff of Tun Institute of Learning (TIL).
Not for sale. No copyright. Free for everyone.
Prepared for students and staff of TIL
Research Station, Yangon, MYANMAR
-
http://www.tuninst.net ,
www.romabama.blogspot.com
MC-indx.htm |
Top
MCpp-indx.htm
{pût} /pʌt/
p150c3-b04
p151-c1
{pa.ta.}
p151-c2
{pûht}
: not a Bur-Myan sound. Our equivalent is more sharp:
{pût}
p151-c3
UKT notes :
• Pronunciation of the letter U
{pût}
After the retroflex p-nasal
{pûN} that is not known in the West, we are now with
English has two vowels /ʊ/ and /ʌ/ represented by the same letter of the Latin alphabet <u> realized in : <put> /pʊt/ and <but> /bʌt/ . See my note for more of pronunciation of the letter U .
p150c3-b04 & p151c1-b01/ not online
• [1. PAT], I. P. (E. also Â)
-- páta , fly (also fig.); descend; set (sun); alight; throw oneself upon or
into (ac., lc.); fall down, at the feet (lc.) of (g.); fall, into (ac.),on ( lc.
or upari with g.); fall from=be deprived of (heaven), to (ac., lc.);
go down to hell (lc. or adbah); fall morally; lose rank or caste; fall
upon (gaze); happen (misfortune); get into (lc.): pp. patita,
fallen; - on (lc., -°) , from (-°); deprived of caste; fallen, among, got into (
lc. -°); cs.V. patáya, P.fly; wing; A. strike down; pâtáya, P. (Â)
cause to fly; hurl, cast at (lc.,); throw (dice); let fly; cause
to descend, bring down (axe, staff) on (g.± upari, or lc.): dash
(the fingers) into (lc.); inflict (panishment) on (lc.); shed, evoke (tears);
pour out (water); cast down from (ab.); throw oneself down; strike off
(head); dash out (teeth); overthrow; thrown down; cast, into (ac., lc.);
divide in two (dvedha); cause to enter, put into (lc.); set (fire) to;
place upon (lc.); apply a measuring line (sûtra) ; direct (the gare)
towards (lc.); hurl, cast (a curse etc.) at (lc.); cause to
fall rain, bring trouble on; cause to go down to hell (lc.); cause to lose its
value, depreciate in price (arthatah); seduce to (lc.); introduce, set
going pp. pâtits; des. pipatisha, pitsa, P. be about to fly.
ati, fly past; neglect; go beyond, not come under (a conception or
category). anu, fly along to (ac.); fly after, follow, pursue (also
fig.); cs. drag down with one to hell. abhi, fly up to rush towards or
at; fall or get into (ac.)..
p151c1-b01/ not online
• [2. PAT] IV. Â.
-- pátya , (V.) be lord of, have power over, possess (ac. in.); share in, be
associated with (lc.); be of use or serve for (d.); serve as, be anything.
abhi . possess.
{pa.ta.}
p151c1-b02/ p091
• पत pata [ pat-a ]
-- m. flight (only °--): -ga, m.
[moving by flight], winged creature, bird:
-râga, -‿îsvara,
m. lord of birds, ep. of Garuda.
पत pat-a flight
(only °--): -ga, m. [moving by flight], winged creature,
bird: -râga, -̮îsvara, m. lord of birds, ep. of Garuda.
p151c1-b03/ p091
• पतंग patanga [ patam-gá ]
-- a. flying; m. bird; winged insect;
grasshopper, butterfly; esp. moth; sun:
-kânta, (pp.) m. sun-stone;
-grâma, m. N. of a village.
पतंग patam-gá
flying; m. bird; winged insect; grasshopper, butterfly; esp.
moth; sun: -kânta, (pp.) m. sun-stone; -grâma, m. N. of a
village.
p151c1-b04/ p091
• पतंगम
patangama [ patam-gama ]
-- m. moth.
पतंगम patam-gama
moth.
p151c1-b05/ p091
• पतंगर
patangara [ patamga-rá ]
-- a. bird-like.
पतंगर patamga-rá
bird-like.
p151c1-b06/ p091
• पतंगवृत्ति
patangavrtti [ patamga-vritti ]
-- f. behaviour of the moth, height of folly;
a. behaving like a moth, extremely foolish.
पतंगवृत्ति patamga-vritti
behaviour of the moth, height of folly; a. behaving like a
moth, extremely foolish.
p151c1-b07/ not online
• [patañgali]
-- m. N. of a grammarian (the celebrated author of Mahâbhâshya)
and of a philosopher (founder of the Sâṅkhya system).
p151c1-b08/ p091
• पतत् patat [ pat-at ]
-- pr. pt. flying; m. bird.
पतत् pat-at
flying; m. bird.
p151c1-b09/ p091
• पतत्र
patatra [ páta-tra ]
-- n. wing; feather.
पतत्र páta-tra
wing; feather.
p151c1-b10/ p091
• पतत्रिन्
patatrin [ patatr-in ]
-- a. winged, flying; m. bird; arrow.
पतत्रिन् patatr-in
winged, flying; m. bird; arrow.
p151c1-b11/ po91
• पतद्ग्रह
patadgraha [ patad-graha ]
-- m. (catching what falls), spittoon.
पतद्ग्रह
patad-graha (catching what falls), spittoon.
p151c1-b12/ p091
• पतन patana [ pát-ana ]
-- n. flying, flight; flying or falling down,
descent, fall, from (ab.), into (lc. or --°);
casting oneself (into, --°), prostration (at, --°);
hanging down, flaccidity (of the breasts);
fall, ruin; getting into (lc.): -sîla,
a. accustomed to fall down.
पतन pát-ana
flying, flight; flying or falling down, descent, fall, from
(ab.), into (lc. or --°); casting oneself (into, --°),
prostration (at, --°); hanging down, flaccidity (of the
breasts); fall, ruin; getting into (lc.): -sîla, a.
accustomed to fall down.
p151c1-b13/ p091
• पतनीय
pataniya [ patan-îya ]
-- a. leading to a loss of caste;
n. crime producing loss of caste.
पतनीय patan-îya
leading to a loss of caste; n. crime producing loss of
caste.
p151c1-b14/ p091
• पतय pataya [ pat-áya ]
-- cs. of √1. pat, P. fly along; Â. strike down.
â, fly to. vi, P. open (int.).
पतय pat-áya √1.
pat, P. fly along; Â. strike down. â, fly to. vi, P. open
(int.).
p151c1-b15/ p091
• पताका pataka [ patâkâ ]
-- f. flag, banner: -m labh,
carry off the palm among (lc.); episode in a drama;
-‿amsuka, n. flag;
-danda, m. flag staff.
पताका patâkâ
flag, banner: -m labh, carry off the palm among (lc.);
episode in a drama; -̮amsuka, n. flag; -danda, m. flagstaff.
p151c1-b16/ p091
• पताकिन्
patakin [ patâk-in ]
-- a. bearing a flag; m. ensign-bearer; flag; car:
-î, f. army.
पताकिन् patâk-in
bearing a flag; m. ensign-bearer; flag; car: -î, f. army.
p151c1-b17/ p091
• पति pati [ pát-i ]
-- m. owner, master, lord, ruler; husband.
पति pát-i owner,
master, lord, ruler; husband.
( end p151c1 )
p151c2-b00/ p091
• पतिंवरा
patiṃvara [ patim-varâ ]
-- f. one who chooses her own husband.
पतिंवरा patim-varâ
one who chooses her own husband.
p151c2-b01/ not online
• [pati-ka]
-- --° a. husband; -ghni a. f. husband-slaying
p151c2-b02/ p091
• पतित patita [ pat-ita ]
-- pp. √1. pat; n. flight:
-vritta, pp. living as an outcast;
-sâvitrî ka, a. having neglected the Sâvitrî,
i. e. having omitted investiture with the sacred cord;
-sthita, pp. lying on the ground;
-‿utthita, pp. shipwrecked and rescued.
पतित pat-ita √1.
pat; n. flight: -vritta, pp. living as an outcast;
-sâvitrîka, a. having neglected the Sâvitrî, i. e. having
omitted investiture with the sacred cord; -sthita, pp. lying
on the ground; -̮utthita, pp. shipwrecked and rescued.
p151c2-b03/ p091
• पतित्व
patitva [ pati-tvá ]
-- n. matrimony, wedlock; -darsana-lâlasa,
a. desirous of seeing her husband; -devatâ,
a. f. making a god of --, idolizing her husband;
-dharma, m. duty to a husband;
-prânâ, a. f. whose life is her husband;
-laṅghana, n. conjugal infidelity in a wife;
-lâlasa, a. longing for her hus band;
devoted to her husband; -loka, m. world
or abode of the husband (after death);
-vamsya, a. belonging
to the husband's family; -vatnî, a. f.
having a husband; ɴ. married woman, wife;
-vrata, n. fidelity to a husband: â,
a. f. faithful or devoted to her husband:
-maya, a. consisting in a faithful wife;
-suk, f. mourning for a husband;
-sthâna, n. husband's place; -sthânîya,
a. belonging to or being in the husband's place;
m. husband's representative.
पतित्व pati-tvá
matrimony, wedlock; -darsana-lâlasa, a. desirous of seeing
her husband; -devatâ, a. f. making a god of --, idolizing
her husband; -dharma, m. duty to a husband; -prânâ, a. f.
whose life is her husband; -laṅghana, n. conjugal infidelity
in a wife; -lâlasa, a. longing for her husband; devoted to
her husband; -loka, m. world or abode of the husband (after
death); -vamsya, a. belonging to the husband's family;
-vatnî, a. f. having a husband; n. married woman, wife;
-vrata, n. fidelity to a husband: â, a. f. faithful or
devoted to her husband: -maya, a. consisting in a faithful
wife; -suk, f. mourning for a husband; -sthâna, n. husband's
place; -sthânîya, a. belonging to or being in the husband's
place; m. husband's representative.
p151c2-b04/ p091
• पत्तन
pattana [ pat-tana ]
-- n. town.
पत्तन pat-tana
town.
p151c2-b05/ p091
• पत्ति
patti [ pat-tí ]
-- m. pedestrian;
foot-soldier: -karman, n. business of the infantry.
पत्ति pat-tí
pedestrian; foot-soldier: -karman, n. business of the
infantry.
p151c2-b06/ p091
• पत्त्र
pattra [ pat-tra ]
-- n. wing; feather (also of an arrow); vehicle
(car, horse, or camel); (plumage of a tree),
leaf, petal; leaf prepared for writing on
(-m âropaya=put on paper); letter, document; foil
of metal; ornamental leaf painted with (--°):
-ka(ikâ)=pattra --° a.; -kkhedya,
a. having its feathers plucked out;
n. a kind of artistic skill (?); -pati,
m. ep. of Garuda; -puta,
m. n.: i-kâ, f. leaf
rolled up into a funnel-shape; -bhaṅga,
m. streaks painted with musk and other
fragrant substances on the face or parts of the body;
-ratha, m. (riding on wings), bird:
-‿indra, m. lord of birds, ep. of Garuda:
-ketu, m. having Garuda as his badge, Vishnu;
-rekhâ, f.=-bhaṅga; -latâ, f. id.; N.;
-le khâ, f. id.; N.; -vâha, m. (borne on wings),
bird; arrow; -viseshaka, m. (?) leaf-like painted
mark; -veshta, m. kind of earring;
-sâka, n. vegetable with leaves;
-‿âlî, f.= -bhaṅga; -‿âhâra,
m. pl. feeding on leaves.
पत्त्र pat-tra
wing; feather (also of an arrow); vehicle (car, horse, or
camel); (plumage of a tree), leaf, petal; leaf prepared for
writing on (-m âropaya=put on paper); letter, document; foil
of metal; ornamental leaf painted with (--°):
-ka(ikâ)=pattra --° a.; -kkhedya, a. having its feathers
plucked out; n. a kind of artistic skill (?); -pati, m. ep.
of Garuda; -puta, m. n.: i-kâ, f. leaf rolled up into a
funnel-shape; -bhaṅga, m. streaks painted with musk and
other fragrant substances on the face or parts of the body;
-ratha, m. (riding on wings), bird: -̮indra, m. lord of
birds, ep. of Garuda: -ketu, m. having Garuda as his badge,
Vishnu; -rekhâ, f.=-bhaṅga; -latâ, f. id.; N.; -lekhâ, f.
id.; N.; -vâha, m. (borne on wings), bird; arrow;
-viseshaka, m. (?) leaf-like painted mark; -veshta, m. kind
of earring; -sâka, n. vegetable with leaves; -̮âlî, f.=
-bhaṅga; -̮âhâra, m. pl. feeding on leaves.
p151c2-b07/ p091
• पत्ित्रका
patitraka [ pattr-ikâ ]
-- f. leaf for writing on; letter, note; document.
पत्ित्रका
pattr-ikâ leaf for writing on; letter, note; document.
p151c2-b08/ p091
• पत्ित्रन्
patitran [ pattr-in ]
-- a. winged; feathered, with (--°); m. bird; arrow.
पत्ित्रन्
pattr-in winged; feathered, with (--°); m. bird; arrow.
p151c2-b09/ p091
• पत्त्रोर्ण
pattrorna [ pattra‿ûrna ]
-- n. bleached silk; cloth or garment of
bleached silk.
पत्त्रोर्ण
pattra̮ûrna bleached silk; cloth or garment of
bleached silk.
p151c2-b10/ p091
• पत्नी patni [ pát-n-î ]
-- f. mistress, lady; wife; female of animals:
-ka, --° a. id.; -vat,
a. possessed of a wife or wives;
accompanied by his wife; -sấla,
n., â, f. shed
on the sacrificial ground for the wives
and domestic rites of the sacrificers.
पत्नी pát-n-î
mistress, lady; wife; female of animals: -ka, --° a. id.;
-vat, a. possessed of a wife or wives; accompanied by his
wife; -saNla, n., â, f. shed on the sacrificial ground for
the wives and domestic rites of the sacrificers.
p151c2-b11/ p091
• पत्मन्
patman [ pát-man ]
-- n. path, course.
पत्मन् pát-man
path, course.
p151c2-b12/ not online
• पत्य patya [ PATYA ]
-- v. 2. PAT.
पत्य PATYA 2.
PAT.
p151c2-b13/ p091
• पत्वन्
patvan [ pát-van ]
-- a. (r-î) flying; n. flight.
पत्वन् pát-van
(r-î) flying; n. flight.
p151c2-b14/ not online
• [patsu-tah]
-- ad. at the feet: -si , a. lying at the feet
{pûht}
p151c2-b15/ not online
• [PATH]
-- cs. api-pâthaya , P. bring into a path (ac.)
p151c2-b16/ not online
( p151c2end )
(
p151c3-top
)
p151c3-b01/ p091
• पथ patha [ path-a ]
-- m. way, road, path (--°).
पथ path-a way,
road, path (--°).
p151c3-b02/ p091
• पथातिथि
pathatithi [ patha‿atithi ]
-- m. traveller.
पथातिथि
patha̮atithi traveller.
p151c3-b03/ p091
• पथिक
pathika [ pathi-ka ]
-- m. wanderer, traveller: -sârtha, m. company of travellers.
पथिक pathi-ka
wanderer, traveller: -sârtha, m. company of travellers.
p151c3-b04/ p091
• पथिकृत्
pathikrt [ pathi-krít ]
-- a. preparing the way; -mat,
a. containing the word 'páth;'
-rák shi, a. guarding the paths.
पथिकृत् pathi-krít
preparing the way; -mat, a. containing the word ʻpáth;ʼ
-rákshi, a. guarding the paths.
p151c3-b05/ p091
• पथोपदेशक
pathopadesaka [ patha‿upadesaka ]
-- m. guide (Pr.).
पथोपदेशक
patha̮upadesaka guide (Pr.).
p151c3-b06/ p091
• पथ्य
pathya [ path-ya ]
-- a. (relating to or fit for the way
or progress of a thing), customary,
regular; proper, suitable; salutary; advantageous;
âtilda;, f. path, way: -revátî,
bounteous path, personified as
genius of plenty.
पथ्य path-ya
(relating to or fit for the way or progress of a thing),
customary, regular; proper, suitable; salutary;
advantageous; ẫ, f. path, way: -- revátî, bounteous path,
personified as genius of plenty.
p151c3-b07/ p091
• पथ्यशन
pathyasana [ pathi‿asana ]
-- n. victuals for the journey; -‿âsin, a.
eating wholesome diet; -‿odana, m. id.
पथ्यशन pathi̮asana
victuals for the journey; -̮âsin, a. eating wholesome diet;
-̮odana, m. id.
UKT: p151c3-b07 moved to next file.
From: English Pronunciation Guide: Vowel based on Pronunciation Guide, Learn to Speak English Part 1 and English Pronouncing Dictionary by Daniel Jones , 16th ed., ed. P. Roach, Cambridge Univ. Press, 2003 (DJPD16.
http://www.tuninst.net/EngPronGuid/LSE1-EPG-vow/EPG-vow.htm#Vowel_Sounds_with_U 120623
From: DJPD16-555
p555. The vowel letter [u] has several strong pronunciations linked to spelling. 'Short' pronunciations include /ʌ/ and /ʊ/.
UKT: One of the first problem faced by a Myanmar ESL learner is pronouncing the letters [ut] in <put> /pʊt/ and <but> /bʌt/. The corresponding sounds in Burmese-Myanmar are
{awt} /ʊt/ and
{bût}/{bat} /ʌt/. The problem in Romabama is to represent /ʊt/ and /ʌt/. My suggestion is to represent /ʊ/ with /uu/ or /u/, and /ʌ/ with /û/ (080121):
this would allow me to write English <but> as {bût}, <cut> as {cût}
and English <put> as {pwut}/{pwat}, <Tun> as {htun:}/{htuun:}/{htwan:}.
'Long' pronunciations include /uː/ and /juː/. In 'short' pronounced /ʌ/, the [u] is generally followed by a consonant letter which ends the word, or a double consonant before another vowel. Words containing /ʊ/ which end with a consonant sound often have two consonant letters finally, a notable exception being <put> /pʊt/, e.g.:
<tub> /tʌb/
{tûpb} or
{tûb}
<tubby> /ˈtʌb.i/{tûp-bi}
<bull> /bʊl/ {bu:l}
<bully> /ˈbʊl.i/ {bu:li}UKT: (see also pronunciation of letter <a>)
• Because ʌ is not an ASCII letter, but û is, I am proposing to use the latter in Romabama -- 080206
• This would amount to saying that û is a checked vowel and is followed by a killed {wag}-akshara. On the other hand, u is a free vowel which is not followed by a consonant, though it may be followed by an {a.wag}-akshara, {ya.} {ra.} {la.} {wa.} {þa.} {ha.}
• While keeping in mind that there are no spellings with{ba.þût} and
{la.þût} in Bur-Myan, if we are to transcribe <tub> and <bull> to Bur-Myan, we would get
{bu:l}
The 'long' pronunciations usually mean the [u] is followed by a single consonant letter and then a vowel, e.g.:
<tube> /tjuːb/ (US) /tuːb/
<tubing> /ˈtjuː.bɪŋ/ (US) /ˈtuː-/
<supervise> /ˈsuː.pə.vaɪz/ (US) /-pɚ-/UKT: It is interesting to note that in British English aka RP (Received Pronunciation), <u> influences both the onset-consonant and coda-consonant. The "influence" on the onset, amounts to {ya.ping.}-medial formation. As an example, in Myanmar, the English word <new> is pronounced as
{nyu:} following the British English instead of
{nu:} if we were to follow the US English aka General American.
In word initial position, the 'long' pronunciation is almost always pronounced /juː/, e.g.:
<unique> /juːˈniːk/
<useful> /ˈjuːs.fəl/
However, there are exceptions to these guidelines, e.g.:
<study> /ˈstʌd.i/
<sugar> /ˈʃʊg.əʳ/ (US) /-ɚ/
<truth> /truːθ/
When [u] is followed by [r], the strong pronunciation is one of
several possibilities:
/jʊə , jɔː (US) jʊr/ ,
/ʊə , ɔː (US) ʊr/ ,
/ɜː (US) ɝː/ , or
/ʌ (US) ɝː/ , e.g.:
<cure> /kjʊəʳ , kjɔːʳ/ (US) /kjʊr/
<plural> /ˈplʊə.rəl , ˈplɔː-/ (US) /ˈplʊr.əl/
<burn> /bɜːn/ (US) /bɝːn/
<hurry> /ˈhʌr.i/ (US) /ˈhɝː.i/
In weak syllables
The vowel letter [u] is realised as one of /jə/, /jʊ/, /ə/ or /ʊ/ in weak syllables, e.g.:
<failure> /ˈfeɪ.ljəʳ/ (US) /ˈfeɪl.jɚ/
<accurate> /ˈæk.jə.rət , -jʊ/ (US) /-jɚ.ət, -jʊ.rət/
<status> /ˈsteɪ.təs/ (US) /-stæt̬əs/
<July> /ʤʊˈlaɪ/
It may also result in a syllabic consonant, e.g.:
<hopeful> /ˈhəʊp.fəl , -fʊl/ (US) /ˈhoʊp-/
Go back letter-U-note-b
End of TIL file