Update: 2020-05-29 12:23 AM -0400

TIL

Practical Sanskrit Dictionary for Buddhists and Hindus

p147.htm

• A Practical Sanskrikt Dictionary, by A. A. Macdonell, 1893,
http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MDScan/index.php?sfx=jpg; 1929.
- Nataraj ed., 1st in 2006, 2012.
- https://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/macdonell/ 190516
• The Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Grammar and Dictionary, BHS, vol.2, by F. Edgerton, pp. 627.
- FEdgerton-BHSD<Ô> / Bkp<Ô> (link chk 180627)
• The Student's Pali English dictionary , by U Pe Maung Tin, 1920.
- (ref: UPMT-PEDxxx).  Downloaded copies in TIL HD-PDF and SD-PDF libraries:
- UPMT-PaliDict1920<Ô> / bkp<Ô> (link chk 190113)
•  Pali-Myanmar Dictionary (in Pal-Myan), by U Hoke Sein,
- (ref: UHS-PMD). The dictionary in printed form is in TIL Research Library.
• Latin-English Vocabulary II, by Hans H Ørberg, 1998
- HHOrberg-LinguaLatina<Ô> / Bkp<Ô> (link chk 190624)

Edited by U Kyaw Tun (UKT) (M.S., I.P.S.T., USA), Daw Khin Wutyi, Daw Thuzar Myint, Daw Zinthiri Han and staff of Tun Institute of Learning (TIL). Not for sale. No copyright. Free for everyone. Prepared for students and staff of TIL  Research Station, Yangon, MYANMAR 
 - http://www.tuninst.net , www.romabama.blogspot.com 

MC-indx.htm | Top
MCpp-indx.htm

Contents of this page

{ni-la.}
  p147-c1
{nu.}
{nu.da.} --> {noad}
{nu}
{nRi.}
  p147-c2
{nRi.ta.}
{nRi.pa.}
{né}
  p147-c3
{né-ya.}
{nè:}
{nè:pa.}

 

Orphans:  नूपुर   nûpura anklet (esp. of women); -vat, a. provided with an anklet.
               नेत्री   ne-trî (of netrí) leader or guide of (g, --°).  

UKT notes :
• Mid-vowels in Bur-Myan : a divergence from both Pal-Myan and Skt-Dev
• Nasal sounds in Bur-Myan

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{ni-la.}

p147-c1

p147c1-b00/ p089

• नीली nili [ nîl-î ]
-- f. indigo: -bhânda, n. vessel with indigo; -rasa, m. fluid indigo; -var- na, a. indigo-coloured.
नीली   nîl-î indigo: -bhânda, n. vessel with indigo; -rasa, m. fluid indigo; -var- na, a. indigo-coloured.
 

p147c1-b01/ p089

• नीलोत्पल nilotpala  [ nîla‿utpala ]
-- n. blue lotus (Nymphaea cyanea): -maya, a. consisting of blue lotuses; ‿upala, m. sapphire.
 नीलोत्पल   nîla̮utpala blue lotus (nymphaea cyanea): -maya, a. consisting of blue lotuses; -̮upala, m. sapphire. 

See my note on Nasal sounds in Bur-Myan

p147c1-b02/ not online

• [nîva]
-- m. a tree

 

p147c1-b03/ p089

• नीवार nivara  [ nîvâra ]
-- m. wild rice; sg. the plant, pl. the grain: -kana, m. grain of rice.
नीवार   nîvâra wild rice; sg. the plant, pl. the grain: -kana, m. grain of rice.

 

p147c1-b04/ p089

• नीवि nivi [ nîví ]
-- f. (also î) apron, waist-cloth, esp. one worn by women; hostage; î, f. capital (money).
नीवि   nîví î) apron, waist-cloth, esp. one worn by women; hostage; î, f. capital (money).

 

p147c1-b05/ p089

• नीहार nihara  [ nîhârá ]
-- m. mist (sts. pl.); -kara, m. moon; -maya , a. consisting of mist.
 नीहार   nîhârá mist (sts. pl.); -kara, m. moon; -maya, a. consisting of mist.

 

p147c1-b06/ not online

• [nihârî-kri]
-- turn into mist.

 

p147c1-b07/ not online

• नीळ [nîlá] - [UKT: Skt-Dev rendition is mine]
-- V. = nîdá .

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{nu.}

{na.} /na/ (front open, spread), {ni.} /ni/ (front close, spread),
{nu.} /nu/ (back close, round), {nau:} /nɑ/ (back open, round)

p147c1-b08/ p089

• नु nú, नू nu nu, nu [ n&usharp; ]
-- indecl. now, still; even, already; then, therefore (concluding or exhorting); never (V.); indeed, just, certainly; with inter. pray: in double questions the second nu is sts. replaced by svid or yadi vâ; nu nu, either--or; n&usharp; kid, henceforth, for ever; forthwith; nevermore.
  नु   nuN now, still; even, already; then, therefore (concluding or exhorting); never (V.); indeed, just, certainly; with inter. pray: in double questions the second nu is sts. replaced by svid or yadi vâ; nu nu, either--or; nuN kid, henceforth, for ever; forthwith; nevermore.

 

p147c1-b09/ not online

• [1. NU] II. P.
-- nauti (only with pra ); I. P. Â. náva (V.), VI. P. nuvá , (V.) roar, shout; exult; praise (ac.); pp. nuta , praised. abhi , about to (ac.). â , sound; cry. pra ( -nauti , -nava ), roar, shout; mutter the syllable om. vi , praise. sam , roar or shout together.

 

p147c1-b10/ not online

• [2. NU] I. Â.
-- náva (RV.) II. P. (with apa ) -nauti (S.); cs. P. nâvaya , remove. ati , cs. P. avert, apa , lay aside. vi , Â. turn (int.) in different directions.

 

p147c1-b11/ not online

• [nuta-mitra ]
-- m. N.

 

p147c1-b12/ p089

• नुति nuti [ nu-ti ]
-- f. praise.
नुति   nu-ti praise.

 

p147c1-b13/ p089

• नुत्ति nutti [ nut-ti ]
-- f. expulsion, removal.
नुत्ति   nut-ti expulsion, removal.

 

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{nu.da.} --> {noad}

When {nu.} is checked by the killed-{da.}, we get {noad}. However, if we restrict ourselves to simple transliteration we get «nud», and we mispronounce it as {nûd}. The sound {nûd} is no stranger to the World at large: it is the very-voiced form of the familiar Bur-Myan Nat {nût} 'spirit'. For articles on Nat-worship in Myanmar see online in http://www.tuninst.net/Myanmar/index_myanmar.htm#Cont-this-pg 120611
• Folk Elements in Burmese Buddhism - indx-folk.htm
- by Maung Htin Aung (Dr.) with notes added by U Kyaw Tun
• Nat Worship - indx-natworship.htm
- by U Kyaw Tun, a collection from various sources

p147c1-b14/ not online

• नुद् [NUD] VI. = न ु द ्
-- nudá , push, thrust; drive on, impel, propel; drive away; dispel, remove; pp nuttá , nunná , pushed away; incited, urged on; divorced (wife); cs. P. nodaya, incite, urge one; intc. Â. nonudya, drive away. aps, drive away, dispel, banish; remove. apa⌣â, thorw off, remoce. ups, pp. -nunna, driven near. nis (nirrud), drive away, remove; reject. parâ, thrust away, remove, reject. par (nud), propel. drive away; dispel disperse; pp. pranutta-nunna; cs. pp. nodita, agitated. ati-pra, urge strongly, vi, drive asunder or away, dispel; cs. id; pass (time); enliven, divert; geguile or divert oneself with (in). sam, cs. collect; urge on. ...

 

 

 

 

p147c1-b15/ not online

• [nud]
-- dispelling, removing (-°)

{nu}

 

p147c1-b16/ p089

• नूतन nutana [ n&usharp;-tana ]
-- a. new; young; fresh; youthful (age); recent; present; novel, strange; -tna, a. id.; future.
नूतन   nuN-tana new; young; fresh; youthful (age); recent; present; novel, strange; -tna, a. id.; future.

 

p147c1-b17/ p089

• नूनम् nunam  [ nû-ná-m ]
-- ad. now, just, at present; forthwith; henceforth; then, therefore (V.); most probably, assuredly, certainly.
नूनम्   nû-ná-m now, just, at present; forthwith; henceforth; then, therefore (V.); most probably, assuredly, certainly.

 

p147c1-b18/ p089

• नूपुर nupura [ nûpura ]
-- m. n. anklet (esp. of women); -vat, a. provided with an anklet.

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{nRi.}

p147c1-b19/ p089

• [nrí]
-- man; masculine (gr.): pl. men, people, mankind

 

p147c1-b20/ p089

• नृकलेवर nrkalevara [ nri-kalevara ]
-- n.(?) human body or corpse; -kukkura, m. dog of a man; -ká kshas, a. observing men.
 नृकलेवर   nri-kalevara corpse; -kukkura, m. dog of a man; -kákshas, a. observing men.

 

p147c1-b21/ not online

• [NRIT], IV. P.
-- nrítya , dance; act, play (tr. & int.) on the stage; cs. nart-áya , cause to dance or move about, induce to caper (peacocks): pp nartita ; intv. na- ( end p147c1-b12 ) ( p147c2-top )
rînarti , P. ...

 

 

 

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p147-c2

{nRi.ta.}

p147c2-b01/ p089

• नृता nrta  [ nri-tâ ]
-- f. male sex, manhood.
नृता   nri-tâ male sex, manhood. 

 

p147c2-b02/ p089

• नृति nrti  [ nrit-í ]
-- f. dance; gracefulness.
 नृति   nrit-í dance; gracefulness. 

 

p147c2-b03/ p089

• नृतु nrtu  [ nrit-ú ]
-- a. lively, active.
 नृतु   nrit-ú lively, active.

 

p147c2-b04/ p089

• नृतू nrtu  [ nrit-&usharp; ]
-- m. dancer, actor.
नृतू   nrit-uN dancer, actor. 

 

p147c2-b05 

• नृत्त nrtta  [ nrit-tá ]
-- (pp.) n. dance: -maya, a. (î) consisting of dancing.
नृत्त   nrit-tá dance: -maya, a. (î) consisting of dancing.
 

 

p147c2-b06/ p089

• नृत्य nrtya  [ nrit-ya ]
-- n. dance; mimicry, pantomime.
नृत्य   nrit-ya dance; mimicry, pantomime. 

 

p147c2-b07/ p089

• नृदुर्ग nrdurga  [ nri-durga ]
-- a. inaccessible, i. e. well fortified, by men; n. well-garrisoned place; -deva, m. prince, king: î, f. queen.
 नृदुर्ग   nri-durga inaccessible, i. e. well fortified, by men; n. well-garrisoned place; -deva, m. prince, king: î, f. queen. 

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{nRi.pa.}

p147c2-b08/ p089

• नृप nrpa  [ nri-pa ]
-- m. (guardian of men), prince, king: -kârya, n. business of a king; -kriyâ, f. rule, dominion; -griha, n. palace; -gana, m. sg. (coll.) the princes.
नृप   nri-pa (guardian of men), prince, king: -kârya, n. business of a king; -kriyâ, f. rule, dominion; -griha, n. palace; -gana, m. sg. (coll.) the princes.

 

p147c2-b09/ p089

• नृपति nrpati  [ nri-páti ]
-- m. prince, king, ruler: -kanyakâ, f. princess, -patha, m. king's road, highway, -sâsana, n. decree of the king.
 नृपति   nri-páti prince, king, ruler: -kanyakâ, f. princess, -patha, m. king's road, highway, -sâsana, n. decree of the king.
 

p147c2-b10/ p089

• नृपत्व nrpatva  [ nripa-tva ]
-- n. sovereignty; -dîpa, m. prince like a lamp; -nîti, f. kingcraft; -mandira, n. palace; -liṅga, n. royal emblem.
नृपत्व   nripa-tva sovereignty; -dîpa, m. prince like a lamp; -nîti, f. kingcraft; -mandira, n. palace; -liṅga, n. royal emblem.

 

p147c2-b11/ p089

• नृपशु nrpasu  [ nri-pasu ]
-- m. beast of a man.
नृपशु   nri-pasu beast of a man.

 

p147c2-b12/ p089

• नृपवल्लभ nrpavallabha  [ nripa-vallabha ]
-- m. royal favourite; -sreshtha, spv. best of kings; -suta, m. prince: â, f. princess; -snushâ, f. king's daughter-in-law.
 नृपवल्लभ   nripa-vallabha royal favourite; -sreshtha, spv. best of kings; -suta, m. prince: â, f. princess; -snushâ, f. king's daughter-in-law.

 

p147c2-b13/ p089

• नृपाङ्गण nrpangana  [ nripa‿aṅgana ]
-- n. royal court; ‿aṅ gana, n. id.: â, f. princess, queen; ‿âtmaga, m. prince: â, f. princess; ‿aryaman, m. sun among princes.
नृपाङ्गण   nripa̮aṅgana royal court; -̮aṅgana, n. id.: â, f. princess, queen; -̮âtmaga, m. prince: â, f. princess; -̮aryaman, m. sun among princes.

 

p147c2-b14/ p089

• नृपाल nrpala  [ nri-pâla ]
-- m. prince, king.
नृपाल   nri-pâla prince, king.
 

p147c2-b15/ p089

• नृपालय nrpalaya  [ nripa‿âlaya ]
-- m. palace; ‿âsana, n. throne; ‿âspada, n. palace; ‿ikkhâ, f. royal pleasure.
नृपालय   nripa̮âlaya palace; -̮âsana, n. throne; -̮âspada, n. palace; -̮ikkhâ, f. royal pleasure.

 

p147c2-b16/ p089

• नृप्रजा nrpraja  [ nri-pragâ ]
-- f. pl. children of men; -mâmsa, n. human flesh.
नृप्रजा   nri-pragâ children of men; -mâmsa, n. human flesh.

 

p147c2-b17/ p089

• नृम्ण nrmna [ nri-mná ]
-- n. manliness, courage; strength, ability.
 नृम्ण   nri-mná manliness, courage; strength, ability.

 

p147c2-b18/ p089

• नृयज्ञ nryajna [ nri-yagña ]
-- m. sacrifice to men, i.e. hospitality; -loka, m. world of men, earth; -vát, a. manly; belonging to or consisting of men; -vara, m. best of men, prince, king; -samsa, a. injurious to mankind, noxious, malicious, base: -tâ, f. mischievousness, baseness; -samsita, n. malignity, baseness; -shád, a. sitting among men; -simha, m. man-lion, great hero; half man half lion, the fourth Avatâr of Vishnu; N.: -ka, m. man-lion, Vishnu; -soma, m. moon among men, i. e. distinguished man; -hari, m. man-lion, the fourth Avatâr of Vishnu.
 नृयज्ञ   nri-yagña sacrifice to men, i.e. hospitality; -loka, m. world of men, earth; -vát, a. manly; belonging to or consisting of men; -vara, m. best of men, prince, king; -samsa, a. injurious to mankind, noxious, malicious, base: -tâ, f. mischievousness, baseness; -samsita, n. malignity, baseness; -shád, a. sitting among men; -simha, m. man-lion, great hero; half man half lion, the fourth Avatâr of Vishnu; N.: -ka, m. man-lion, Vishnu; -soma, m. moon among men, i. e. distinguished man; -hari, m. man-lion, the fourth Avatâr of Vishnu.

Contents of this page

{né}

See my note on Mid-vowels in Bur-Myan:
a divergence from both Pal-Myan and Skt-Dev.

 

p147c2-b19/ p089

• नेजक nejaka [ neg-aka ]
-- m. washerman; -ana, n. washing.
नेजक   neg-aka washerman; -ana, n. washing. 

 

p147c2-b20/ p089

• नेतव्य netavya [ ne-tavya ]
-- fp. to be led; -taken or conveyed, to (ac.); to be employed; -investigated.
नेतव्य   ne-tavya to be led; -- taken or conveyed, to (ac.); to be employed; -- investigated.
 

 

p147c2-b21/ not online

• [ne-tri]
-- m. 1. nm., 3 sg. ft. he will lead; 2. ( -tri ) leader, guide (of, g. or -°); inflicter of punishment ( dandasya ); leading character, hero in a drama; -mat , a. containing the word 'netri.'

UKT: The following is an orphan which obviously belongs to this section:

नेत्री netri [ ne-tr&isharp; ] f. (of netrí) leader or guide of (g, --°ree;).

p147c2-b22/ not online

• [ne-tra]
-- -° a. leader, guide; n. guidance; eye; veil; cord which causes a churning-stick or top to revolve; root; -kosa , an apple of the eye; -kautûhala , n. passionate longing ( end p147c2 ) ( p147c3-top )
of the eyes; -ga , a produced from the eyes; ...

 

 

 

 

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p147-c3

p147c3-b01/ not online

• [NED] I. P.
-- néda , [go]. ati , overflow.

UKT: The above spelling, नेद् = न े द ् , must be compared to {hkít} 'age, period in time'.

 

p147c3-b02/ p089

• नेद् ned [ na&halfacute;id ]
-- pcl. not (emphatic); that not, lest (ne), with sbj., impv., or pot.; nét tú, but not, but by no means.
नेद्   na◡́id not (emphatic); that not, lest (ne), with sbj., impv., or pot.; nét tú, but not, but by no means. 

 

p147c3-b03/ p089

• नेदिष्ठ nedistha [ néd-ishtha ]
-- spv. nearest, next; quite near: -m, ad. next; quite close; first; ab. from the nearest place; -îyas, cpv. nearer; quite near: ac. ad.; (-îyo) -marana, a. having death close at hand, moribund.
 नेदिष्ठ   néd-ishtha nearest, next; quite near: -m, ad. next; quite close; first; ab. from the nearest place; -îyas, cpv. nearer; quite near: ac. ad.; (-îyo)-marana, a. having death close at hand, moribund.

 

p147c3-b04/ p089

• नेपथ्य nepathya [ ne-pathya ]
-- n. [suitable for acting: naya], ornament, attire; stage costume; tiring-room, space behind the scenes: lc. behind the scenes; -griha, n. tiring-room.
नेपथ्य   ne-pathya [suitable for acting: naya], ornament, attire; stage costume; tiring-room, space behind the scenes: lc. behind the scenes; -griha, n. tiring-room. 

 

p147c3-b05

• नेपाल nepala [ nepâla ]
-- m. Nepal: pl. the Nepalese.
नेपाल   nepâla Nepal: pl. the Nepalese. 

 

p147c3-b06

• नेम nema [ néma ]
-- a. [na‿ima, not this, another], the one; many a one: repeated, the one - the other; °--, half.
 नेम   néma [na̮ima, not this, another], the one; many a one: repeated, the one--the other; °--, half.
 

p147c3-b07/ p089

• नेमि nemi [ nem-í ]
-- f. [na-nam-í, complete bend], felly of a wheel; rim, circumference; (i) ghosha, m., -dhvani, m. sound of wheels; -ninada, m. id.; -vritti, a. moving in the track of (g.).
नेमि   nem-í [na-nam-í, complete bend], felly of a wheel; rim, circumference; (i)ghosha, m., -dhvani, m. sound of wheels; -ninada, m. id.; -vritti, a. moving in the track of (g.). 

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{né-ya.}

p147c3-b08/ p089

• नेय neya [ ne-ya ]
-- fp. to be guided, led, or conducted, to (lc.); amenable; to be inflicted (punishment); to be brought or reduced to a condition (ac.); to be passed (time); to be guessed.
नेय   ne-ya to be guided, led, or conducted, to (lc.); amenable; to be inflicted (punishment); to be brought or reduced to a condition (ac.); to be passed (time); to be guessed.

 

p147c3-b09/ not online

• [né-sh-tri]
-- m. leading priest at the Soma sacrifice, who brings the sacrificer's wife and prepares the surd.

 

p147c3-b10/ p089

• नेष्ट्रीय nestriya [ neshtr-îya ]
-- a. relating to the Neshtri.
 नेष्ट्रीय   neshtr-îya relating to the Neshtri.

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{nè:}

p147c3-b11/ p089

• नैक naika [ na‿eka ]
-- a. more than one, many a: pl. various, many: -kara, a. gregarious (animal)
नैक   na̮eka more than one, many a: pl. various, many: -kara, a. gregarious (animal)

 

p147c3-b12/ p089

• नैकटिक naikatika [ naikat-ika ]
-- a. neighbouring; -ya, n. nearness (cp. nikata).
 नैकटिक   naikat-ika neighbouring; -ya, n. nearness (cp. nikata). 

 

p147c3-b13/ p089

• नैकदुःखद naikaduhkhada [ na‿eka-duhkha-da ]
-- a. causing many sorrows; -bhâva‿âsraya, a. fickle, unsteady; -varna, a. many-coloured; -vikalpa, a. manifold; -vidha, a. id.; -sas, ad. repeatedly.
नैकदुःखद   na̮eka-duhkha-da causing many sorrows; -bhâva̮âsraya, a. fickle, unsteady; -varna, a. many-coloured; -vikalpa, a. manifold; -vidha, a. id.; -sas, ad. repeatedly.

 

p147c3-b14/ p089

• नैकृतिक naikrtika [ naikriti-ka ]
-- a. dishonest, deceitful; base (cp. nikriti).
 नैकृतिक   naikriti-ka dishonest, deceitful; base (cp. nikriti).

 

p147c3-b15/ p089

• नैगम naigama [ naigama ]
-- a. (î) relating to Vedic quotations (nigamas); Vedic; m. Vedic exegete; trader, merchant.
नैगम   naigama (î) relating to Vedic quotations (nigamas); Vedic; m. Vedic exegete; trader, merchant. 

ex·e·ge·sis  n. pl.  ex·e·ge·ses 1. Critical explanation or analysis, especially of a text. [Greek exēgēsis  from exēgeisthai  to interpret  ex- ex- hēgeisthai  to lead; See s āg- in Indo-European Roots.] -- AHTD

 

p147c3-b16/ p089

• नैघण्टुक naighantuka [ naighantu-ka ]
-- a. incidentally mentioned; n. index of words, specifically the Vedic glossary.
नैघण्टुक   naighantu-ka incidentally mentioned; n. index of words, specifically the Vedic glossary. 

 

p147c3-b17/ p089

• नैतल naitala [ naitala ]
-- a. relating to the hell Nitala(?).
 नैतल   naitala relating to the hell Nitala(?).

 

p147c3-b18/ p089

• नैत्यक naityaka [ naitya-ka ]
-- a. to be performed regularly, obligatory (opp. naimittika); ika, a. id.
 नैत्यक   naitya-ka to be performed regularly, obligatory (opp. naimittika); ika, a. id.

 

p147c3-b19/ p089

• नैदाघ naidagha [ naídâgha ]
-- a. (î) belonging to the hot season; m. summer.
नैदाघ   naídâgha (î) belonging to the hot season; m. summer.

 

p147c3-b20/ p089

• नैद्र naidra [ naidra ]
-- a. (î) producing sleep.
 नैद्र   naidra (î) producing sleep.
 

p147c3-b21/ p089

• नैधन naidhana [ naidhana ]
-- a. final; relating to death: perishable; funeral (fire); n. death.
नैधन   naidhana final; relating to death: perishable; funeral (fire); n. death.

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{nè:pa.}

p147c3-b22

• नैपुण naipuna [ naipuna ]
-- n. dexterity, skill; experience, in (g., --°); completeness, totality of (g.); whole science of, strict adherence to (--°): in. completely, exactly.
 नैपुण   naipuna dexterity, skill; experience, in (g., --°); completeness, totality of (g.); whole science of, strict adherence to (--°): in. completely, exactly.

 

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UKT notes

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Mid-vowels in Bur-Myan :
a divergence from both Pal-Myan and Skt-Dev

-- UKT 120612

I have no idea how these mid-vowels are spelled in the most prominent of Bur-Myan dialects: the Rakhine {ra.hkein}, and Dawei {hta:wèý}. It is to be noted here that the older English rendition 'Tavoy' of the Bur-Myan {hta:wèý}, is very close to the Bur-Myan spelling if you note that English <t> is pronounced very close to {hta.}, <v> is the labio-dental substitute for {wa.}, and <y> shows the killed {ya.}. Of course 'Dawei' is closer to the local pronunciation.

Another place name involving a nasal ending is 'Prome' which had stood for {præÑ} . It is very easy to see that <pr> is {pra.}. However, it is the killed-{Ña.} that had baffled me until I realized that <m> was probably meant to show the {Ñ} which the English doesn't have. Moreover it is the 'magic-E' at the end of the word 'Prome' that had added the confusion.

The nasal vowel {né} is probably the easiest of all Bur-Myan vowels to pronounce by the non-natives. Since it is more close than open, I would say it is very close to the English pronunciation of <nay> /neɪ/ (DJPD16-361). Note the /e/ -- not /a/. The English <nay> is a diphthong, whereas the Burmese is a monophthong. I wait for input from my peers.

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Nasal sounds in Bur-Myan

UKT 120610

A woman is expected to sing in a nasal voice whereas a man in a deep throaty voice as per saying {main:ma. nha/ yauk-kya: aa//}. I expect a study of Bur-Myan nasals might throw light on the origin of the Bur-Myan language and point to origin of the ancient {mrûn-ma} peoples. Did they come into the north of the country from the north-west or from the north-east?

If you compare the two words {ba.ma} and {mrûn-ma}, there is a world of difference in the pronunciation. Though both {ba.} and {ma.} are labials, {ba.} is non-rhotic and non-nasal whereas {mrûn} is definitely rhotic and nasal. Moreover the people of the land, particularly those of the Irrawaddy basin, themselves tend to drop the rhoticity in {mrûn} and pronounce it almost as if / {myûn}/, and the sound has become almost non-rhotic.

When the British colonialists came into contact with {mrûn-ma} country, they being unused to nasals -- they have only two /n/ and /m/, whereas we have 5 -- took up the name as {ba.ma} and named the country "Burma" putting in a little bit of rhoticity /r/. Even if there were those who had tried to pronounce {myûn}, it could not come out right because they tend to insert a schwa /ə/ into the {ya.ping.}-sound: {ma.yûn} /mə.jʌn/ and they found that the coda /n/ is almost silent.

A description of colours of the rainbow in Bur-Myan would be of help in solving our problem. Here we find the <indigo> and <blue lotus>

{mè:nèý} 'indigo' -- MED2006-345)
{kra-ño} 'blue lotus' -- MED2006-037

Note the word {mè:} alone can mean 'black' in which case, the spelling changes to {mæÑ:} with a nasal colouration. {mè:} alone is non-nasal. A dark red colour is described as {ni-ño} a compound of {ni} 'red' & {ño} 'dark'.

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