p144.htm
• A Practical Sanskrikt Dictionary,
by A. A. Macdonell, 1893,
http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MDScan/index.php?sfx=jpg;
1929.
-
Nataraj ed., 1st in 2006, 2012.
-
https://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/macdonell/ 190516
• The Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Grammar and
Dictionary, BHS, vol.2, by F. Edgerton,
pp. 627.
-
FEdgerton-BHSD<Ô> /
Bkp<Ô> (link chk 180627)
• The Student's Pali English dictionary ,
by U Pe Maung Tin, 1920.
- (ref: UPMT-PEDxxx).
Downloaded copies in TIL
HD-PDF and SD-PDF libraries:
-
UPMT-PaliDict1920<Ô> /
bkp<Ô> (link chk 190113)
• Pali-Myanmar Dictionary
(in Pal-Myan), by U Hoke Sein,
- (ref: UHS-PMD). The dictionary in printed form is in TIL Research Library.
• Latin-English Vocabulary II, by Hans H Ørberg, 1998
-
HHOrberg-LinguaLatina<Ô> /
Bkp<Ô> (link
chk 190624)
Edited by U Kyaw Tun (UKT) (M.S., I.P.S.T., USA),
Daw Khin Wutyi, Daw Thuzar Myint, Daw Zinthiri Han
and staff of Tun Institute of Learning (TIL).
Not for sale. No copyright. Free for everyone.
Prepared for students and staff of TIL
Research Station, Yangon, MYANMAR
-
http://www.tuninst.net ,
www.romabama.blogspot.com
MC-indx.htm |
Top
MCpp-indx.htm
{nir~wya.} /
{nir~bya.}:
not a problem in Skt-Dev, but a problem of {wya.} vs. {bya.}
p143c3-b08
p144-c1
{ni.la.}
{ni.wa.}
p144-c2
{ni.sha.}
p144-c3
{ni-Sa.}
UKT notes :
• Allophones in Skt-Dev and Bur-Myan
Skt-Dev: निः (?) ,
नि (short) , नी (long)
Bur-Myan: 
{ni.} (creak) ,
{ni}
(modal) ,
{ni:}
(emphatic)
• Compare 'night' in Bur to Skt
{Ñæñ.} to निश् /nɪʃ/
{nir~wya.} /
{nir~bya.}
UKT120606, 181206: On 120606, I couldn't decide how to trasliterate this entry. Now, I've decided to favour {nir~wya.}. The problem is due to Skt-Dev not having a well-defined {bya.}. In Bur-Myan {bya.} is well-defined, but not {wya.}. I still have to define it for Pal-Myan. It may very well for {wya.}
• निर्व्यञ्जक
nirvyanjaka [ nir-vyañgaka ]
= (न ि र ्) (व ् य) (ञ ् ज)
(क)
-- a. testifying; -vyañg ana, a. spiceless: lc.
without more ado, straight out; -vyatha, a. free from pain, well;
-vyapeksha, a. unconcerned about, indifferent as to (lc.
or --°); -vyalîka, a. not hurting; heartfelt, ungrudging
(gift); glad, willing; not false;
-vyavadhâna, uncovered, (
end p143c3 ) (
p144c1-top
)
bare (ground); -vyavastha, a. not remaining in
its place, moving about; -vyasana, a. free from vice.
निर्व्यञ्जक
nir-vyañgaka testifying; -vyañgana, a. spiceless: lc.
without more ado, straight out; -vyatha, a. free from pain,
well; -vyapeksha, a. unconcerned about, indifferent as to
(lc. or --°); -vyalîka, a. not hurting; heartfelt,
ungrudging (gift); glad, willing; not false; -vyavadhâna,
uncovered, bare (ground); -vyavastha, a. not remaining in
its place, moving about; -vyasana, a. free from vice.
p144c1-b01/ p088
• निर्व्याकुल
nirvyakula [ nir-vyâkula ]
-- a. unagitated, calm: -tâ, f. tranquillity: in. quietly;
-vyâga, a. sincere, honest (towards, lc.);
unambiguous, undisputed: -m, ad. honestly; certainly, -tâ,
f. honesty, candour; -vyâgî-kri, purify;
-vyâ pâra, a. unoccupied; -vyûdha, pp.
√ûh; n. accomplishment, completion;
-vyûdhi, f. conclusion, end; summit, acme;
-vrana, a. un wounded; unfractured;
-vrîda, a. shameless.
निर्व्याकुल
nir-vyâkula unagitated, calm: -tâ, f. tranquillity: in.
quietly; -vyâga, a. sincere, honest (towards, lc.);
unambiguous, undisputed: -m, ad. honestly; certainly, -tâ,
f. honesty, candour; -vyâgî-kri, purify; -vyâpâra, a.
unoccupied; -vyûdha, pp. √ûh; n. accomplishment, completion;
-vyûdhi, f. conclusion, end; summit, acme; -vrana, a.
unwounded; unfractured; -vrîda, a. shameless.
p144c1-b02/ p088
• निर्हरण
nirharana [ nir-harana ]
-- n. removal; carrying out a corpse to the funeral pyre;
-haranîya, fp. to be removed; -hâra,
m. appropriation, personal expenditure from (ab.); -hâraka,
a. carrying out a corpse to the funeral pyre;
-hârana, n. causing a corpse to be carried
out to the funeral pyre; -hriti, f. removal;
-heti, a. unarmed; -hetu, a. causeless;
-hrâda, m. sound; -hrâdin, a. resounding, echoing,
pealing.
निर्हरण nir-harana
removal; carrying out a corpse to the funeral pyre;
-haranîya, fp. to be removed; -hâra, m. appropriation,
personal expenditure from (ab.); -hâraka, a. carrying out a
corpse to the funeral pyre; -hârana, n. causing a corpse to
be carried out to the funeral pyre; -hriti, f. removal;
-heti, a. unarmed; -hetu, a. causeless; -hrâda, m. sound;
-hrâdin, a. resounding, echoing, pealing.
{ni.la.}
p144c1-b03/ not online
• निलय
nilaya [ 1. nilaya ] Â
-- ¹ v. ni+√lî or nir+√i
p144c1-b04/ p088
• निलय
nilaya [ 2. ni-laya ]
-- ² m. lurking-place, dwelling, abode; a. dwelling in,
being the dwelling of, inhabited by
(--°); -lâyin, a. sitting down on or in (--°):
-lâyi-tâ, f. abiding in (--°).
निलय 2. ni-laya
lurking-place, dwelling, abode; a. dwelling in, being the
dwelling of, inhabited by (--°); -lâyin, a. sitting down on
or in (--°): -lâyi-tâ, f. abiding in (--°).
{ni.wa.}
p144c1-b05/ p088
• निवत् nivat [ ni-vát ]
-- f. depth, valley: in. downwards.
निवत् ni-vát
depth, valley: in. downwards.
p144c1-b06/ p088
• निवपन
nivapana [ ni-vapana ]
-- n. strewing; offering to the Manes; -varta,
a. causing to turn back; -vartaka, a. (ikâ)
causing to cease, removing; -vártana, a. causing
to turn back; n. return; coming down to the earth; cessation;
abstention from (ab.); inactivity; bringing back; means of
return; restraining from (ab.); a certain square
measure; -vart anîya, fp. to be led back; -rescinded or
made void; -vartin, a. returning; refraining from (ab.);
-vasana, n. putting on (clothes); n. garment; -vaha,
m. crowd, swarm, multitude (sg. & pl.).
निवपन ni-vapana
strewing; offering to the Manes; -varta, a. causing to turn
back; -vartaka, a. (ikâ) causing to cease, removing;
-vártana, a. causing to turn back; n. return; coming down to
the earth; cessation; abstention from (ab.); inactivity;
bringing back; means of return; restraining from (ab.); a
certain square measure; -vartanîya, fp. to be led back; --
rescinded or made void; -vartin, a. returning; refraining
from (ab.); -vasana, n. putting on (clothes); n. garment;
-vaha, m. crowd, swarm, multitude (sg. & pl.).
p144c1-b07/ not online
• [ni-vâtá]
-- 1. a. sheltered from the wind; m. spot sheltered
from the wind; calm. 2. pp. (√van) unmolested;
n. security; -kavaka , n. a. whose mail is
impenetrable; m. pl. N. of a class of ...
p144c1-b08/ p088
• निविडnivida [ ni-vida ]
-- v. ���ۿ ni-bida.
निविड ni-vida
ni-bida.
p144c1-b09/ p088
• निविद्
nivid [ ni-víd ]
-- f. direction, precept; invocation of the gods
inserted in certain parts of the liturgy: -dhâna,
a. containing the Nivids; n. insertion of the Nivids.
निविद् ni-víd
direction, precept; invocation of the gods inserted in
certain parts of the liturgy: -dhâna, a. containing the
Nivids; n. insertion of the Nivids.
p144c1-b10/ p088
• निवीत
nivita [ ní-vîta ]
-- pp. √vyâ; n. wearing of the sacred cord;
sacred cord worn round the neck; -vîtin,
a. wearing the sacred cord round the neck.
निवीत ní-vîta
√vyâ; n. wearing of the sacred cord; sacred cord worn round
the neck; -vîtin, a. wearing the sacred cord round the neck.
p144c1-b11/ p088
• निवृत्त
nivrtta [ ni-vritta ]
-- pp.
turned away: -râga, a. whose passions are subdued,
-hridaya, a. with relenting heart;
-vritti, f. return; dis appearance; cessation;
abstention from (ab., --°); abstinence; escape from (ab.);
absten-
( end p144c1 )
( p144c2-top )
tion from action, inaction; discontinuance of
a grammatical rule.
निवृत्त ni-vritta
turned away: -râga, a. whose passions are subdued, -hridaya,
a. with relenting heart; -vritti, f. return; disappearance;
cessation; abstention from (ab., --°); abstinence; escape
from (ab.); absten tion from action, inaction;
discontinuance of a grammatical rule.
p144c2-b01/ p088
• निवेदन
nivedana [ ni-vedana ]
-- a. announcing, making known; n. communication,
announcement; offering; -vedin, a. announcing,
making known; offering (--°); -vedya,
fp. to be reported; n. offering of food to an idol;
-vesá, m. entering into; settling;
encampment, camp; habitation, residence; settling down,
marriage, matrimony; foundation (of a city); building,
edifice; impression, mark; -vésana,
a. (î) entering into (--°);
laying to rest; sheltering; n. entrance; setting down;
introduction, application; causing to encamp; settling down,
marrying; resting-place, bed, lair, nest; home, abode, dwelling;
-vesanîya, fp. to be put down;
-vesayitavya, fp. to be placed;
-vesa vat, a. lying on (--°);
-vesin, a. lying near, being in,
resting or based on (--°).
निवेदन ni-vedana
announcing, making known; n. communication, announcement;
offering; -vedin, a. announcing, making known; offering
(--°); -vedya, fp. to be reported; n. offering of food to an
idol; -vesá, m. entering into; settling; encampment, camp;
habitation, residence; settling down, marriage, matrimony;
foundation (of a city); building, edifice; impression, mark;
-vésana, a. (î) entering into (--°); laying to rest;
sheltering; n. entrance; setting down; introduction,
application; causing to encamp; settling down, marrying;
resting-place, bed, lair, nest; home, abode, dwelling;
-vesanîya, fp. to be put down; -vesayitavya, fp. to be
placed; -vesavat, a. lying on (--°); -vesin, a. lying near,
being in, resting or based on (--°).
Comparison of Bur-Myan
Skt-Dev निश् [nis] /nɪʃ/The following 3 entries maybe (emphasis: maybe) related to the Bur-Myan
{Ña.} without a change in meaning. The sound becomes very open. The reader should ask other native Bur-Myan to pronounce both
Compar-Bur-night-to-Skt-note-b
{ni.sha.}
p144c2-b02/ not online
• निश् [nis] [UKT: I have rendered the Dev orthography from [nis]]
-- f. night (only sg. ab. & lc. &
du. -nisau and -nisoh )
p144c2-b03/ p088
• निश nisa [ nis-a ]
-- n. id. (only --°).
निश nis-a
--°).
p144c2-b04/ p088
• निशब्द
nisabda [ ni-sabda ]
-- a. silent.
निशब्द ni-sabda
silent.
p144c2-b05/ p088
• निशा
nisa [ nis-â ]
-- f. night: -kara, m. (night maker), moon:
-kalâ-mauli, m. bearing a crescent on his head,
ep. of Siva; -kânta, m. lover of night, moon;
-kâla, m. time of night; -kshaya,
m. end of night; -‿âgama, m. nightfall;
-kara, a. wandering at night; m. goblin,
Râkshasa: î, f. female goblin; dissolute woman;
-‿atyaya, m. end of night, day-break;
-nâtha, m. lord of night, moon; -‿anta,
1. end of night, day-break.
निशा nis-â
night: -kara, m. (nightmaker), moon: -kalâ-mauli, m. bearing
a crescent on his head, ep. of Siva; -kânta, m. lover of
night, moon; -kâla, m. time of night; -kshaya, m. end of
night; -̮âgama, m. nightfall; -kara, a. wandering at night;
m. goblin, Râkshasa: î, f. female goblin; dissolute woman;
-̮atyaya, m. end of night, day-break; -nâtha, m. lord of
night, moon; -̮anta, 1. end of night, day-break.
p144c2-b06/ not online
• [ni-sânta]
-- 2. pp. √sam; n. (?) house, dwelling;
-‿udyâna , n. garden belonging to the house.
p144c2-b07/ p088
• निशापति
nisapati [ nisâ-pati ]
-- m. lord of night, moon; -prânesvara,
m. (husband of night), moon; -mukha, n. face of night;
nightfall; -‿ava sâna, n. latter half of the night.
निशापति nisâ-pati
lord of night, moon; -prânesvara, m. (husband of night),
moon; -mukha, n. face of night; nightfall; -̮avasâna, n.
latter half of the night.
p144c2-b08/ p088
• निशीथ
nisitha [ ni-sî-tha ]
-- m. (n.) [time of lying down], midnight; night.
निशीथ ni-sî-tha
lying down], midnight; night.
p144c2-b09/ p088
• निशीथिनी
nisithini [ nisîth-in-î ]
-- f. night.
निशीथिनी nisîth-in-î
night.
p144c2-b10/ p088
• निशुम्भ
nisumbha [ ni-sumbh-a ]
-- m. killing; murder; -ana, n. id.
निशुम्भ ni-sumbh-a
killing; murder; -ana, n. id.
p144c2-b11/ p088
• निश्््चय
niscaya [ nis-kaya ]
-- m. ascertainment; conviction; exact knowledge,
certainty; actual state of the case; decision,
decided opinion; settled purpose, fixed intention,
determination, resolve: -m kri,
firmly resolve on (d., lc., inf.); in., ab. certainly.
निश्््चय nis-kaya
ascertainment; conviction; exact knowledge, certainty;
actual state of the case; decision, decided opinion; settled
purpose, fixed intention, determination, resolve: -m kri,
firmly resolve on (d., lc., inf.); in., ab. certainly.
p144c2-b12/ p088
• निश्््चल
niscala [ nis-kala ]
-- a. immovable; steady; unalterable, immutable:
-mati, a. steady-minded.
निश्््चल nis-kala
immovable; steady; unalterable, immutable: -mati, a.
steady-minded.
p144c2-b13/ p088
• निश्््चित
niscita [ nis-kita ]
-- pp. determined, decided: -m, ad. decidedly, surely;
-kinta, a. free from thought or care.
निश्््चित nis-kita
determined, decided: -m, ad. decidedly, surely; -kinta, a.
free from thought or care.
p144c2-b14/ p088
• निश्््चेतन
niscetana [ nis-ketana ]
-- a. unconscious; inanimate; irrational, senseless;
-ketas, a. irrational, senseless, foolish;
-keshta, a. motionless.
निश्््चेतन nis-ketana
unconscious; inanimate; irrational, senseless; -ketas, a.
irrational, senseless, foolish; -keshta, a. motionless.
p144c2-b15/ p088
• निश्््चौर
niscaura [ nis-kaura ]
-- a. free from robbers.
निश्््चौर nis-kaura
free from robbers.
p144c2-b16/ p088
• निश्््छन्दस्
nischandas [ nis-khandas ]
-- a. not studying the scriptures; -khidra,
a. free from holes, cracks; -fractures; -imperfections,
-defects, -weak points; continuous.
निश्््छन्दस् nis-khandas
not studying the scriptures; -khidra, a. free from holes,
cracks; -- fractures; -- imperfections, -- defects, -- weak
points; continuous.
p144c2-b17/ p088
• निश्रेणी
nisreni [ ni-srenî ]
-- f. ladder, stair.
निश्रेणी ni-srenî
ladder, stair.
p144c2-b18/ p088
• निश्वासित
nisvasita [ ní-svâsita ]
-- n. expiration of breath; -svâsa,
m. inspiration, inhalation; expiration, breath; sigh.
निश्वासित ní-svâsita
expiration of breath; -svâsa, m. inspiration, inhalation;
expiration, breath; sigh.
In the following entries we see the use of visarga ः , the look-alike of
{wic~sa.} in the series:
• निः (?) • नि (short) • नी (long)
•
It should be noted that
p144c2-b19/ p088
• निःशङ्क
nihsanka [ nih-saṅka ]
-- a. free from anxiety, fearless, unhesitating; having nothing to fear (
end p144c2 ) (
p144c3-top
)
from
(--°); that need cause no anxiety: -m or °--, calmly,
without hesitation, without more ado; -saṅkâ,
f. absence of timidity: in. without hesitation;
-saṅkita, pp. free from anxiety; causing no
anxiety; fearless, unhesitating; -satru, a. free
from foes; -sabda, a. silent; noiseless, mute:
°--, silently: -stimita, pp. noiseless and still;
-sarana, a. unprotected;
-salâka, a. free from tall grass;
-salya, a. free from an arrow: -m, ad.
pain lessly, without a struggle, willingly; -sastra,
a. unarmed; -sâkha, a. branchless:
-tâ, f. branchlessness.
निःशङ्क nih-saṅka
free from anxiety, fearless, unhesitating; having nothing to
fear from (--°); that need cause no anxiety: -m or °--,
calmly, without hesitation, without more ado; -saṅkâ, f.
absence of timidity: in. without hesitation; -saṅkita, pp.
free from anxiety; causing no anxiety; fearless,
unhesitating; -satru, a. free from foes; -sabda, a. silent;
noiseless, mute: °--, silently: -stimita, pp. noiseless and
still; -sarana, a. unprotected; -salâka, a. free from tall
grass; -salya, a. free from an arrow: -m, ad. painlessly,
without a struggle, willingly; -sastra, a. unarmed; -sâkha,
a. branchless: -tâ, f. branchlessness.
p144c3-b01/ not online
• [nih-sâkhî-kri]
-- deprive of branches
p144c3-b02/ p088
• निःशुक्र
nihsukra [ nih-sukra ]
-- a. deprived of majesty.
निःशुक्र nih-sukra
deprived of majesty.
p144c3-b03/ p088
• निःशूक
nihsuka [ nih-sûka ]
-- a. lacking awns (rice); pitiless;
-sûnya, a. empty.
निःशूक nih-sûka
lacking awns (rice); pitiless; -sûnya, a. empty.
p144c3-b04/ p088
• निःशेष
nihsesa [ nih-sesha ]
-- a. lacking a remainder, one and all, all, whole, complete:
-m kri, destroy utterly, exterminate; °--,
-tas, in. utterly, completely; -tâ, f. extermination.
निःशेष nih-sesha
lacking a remainder, one and all, all, whole, complete: -m
kri, destroy utterly, exterminate; °--, -tas, in. utterly,
completely; -tâ, f. extermination.
p144c3-b05/ p088
• निःशेषय
nihsesaya [ nih-sesha-ya ]
-- den. P. destroy completely: pp. ita,
utterly consumed or destroyed.
निःशेषय nih-sesha-ya
P. destroy completely: pp. ita, utterly consumed or
destroyed.
p144c3-b06/ p088
• निःशोक
nihsoka [ nih-soka ]
-- a. free from sorrow.
निःशोक nih-soka
free from sorrow.
p144c3-b07/ p088
• निःश्रीक
nihsrika [ nih-srî-ka ]
= न ि ः श ् र ी क
-- a. destitute of beauty, ugly; luckless, unhappy;
-srenî=ni-srenî;
-sreyas-a, a. (î) having nothing better, best
of all; n. final beatitude, bliss, salvation;
-svasita, n. expiration, breath; sigh;
-svâ pada, a. lacking wild animals;
-svâsa, m. breath; sigh: -parama, a.
constantly sighing.
निःश्रीक nih-srî-ka
destitute of beauty, ugly; luckless, unhappy;
-srenî=ni-srenî; -sreyas-a, a. (î) having nothing better,
best of all; n. final beatitude, bliss, salvation; -svasita,
n. expiration, breath; sigh; -svâpada, a. lacking wild
animals; -svâsa, m. breath; sigh: -parama, a. constantly
sighing.
{ni-Sa.}
p144c3-b08/ p088
• निषङ्ग
nisanga [ ni-shaṅg-a ]
-- m. [appendage], quiver; sword; -ín,
a. furnished with a quiver; -î bhû, become a quiver.
निषङ्ग
ni-shaṅg-a [appendage], quiver; sword; -ín, a. furnished
with a quiver; -îbhû, become a quiver.
p144c3-b09/ p088
• निषद्
nisad [ ni-shád ]
-- f. sitting, esp. at the altar; -shádana,
n. sitting down; seat, abode; -shadyâ, f. market.
निषद् ni-shád
sitting, esp. at the altar; -shádana, n. sitting down; seat,
abode; -shadyâ, f. market.
p144c3-b10/ p088
• निषद्वर
nisadvara [ nishad-vará ]
-- a. seated at the altar; sitting idle.
निषद्वर
nishad-vará seated at the altar; sitting idle.
p144c3-b11/ p088
• निषध
nisadha [ nishadha ] m. N. of a mountain:
pl. N. of a people; sg. N.: -vamsa, m. race of
Nishadha; -‿adhipa, m. lord of Nishadha;
-‿adhipati, m. id.;
-‿îsvara, m. id.
निषध nishadha
race of Nishadha; -̮adhipa, m. lord of Nishadha; -̮adhipati,
m. id.; -̮îsvara, m. id.
p144c3-b12/ p088
• निषाद
nisada [ nishâdá ]
-- m. N. of aboriginal Indian tribes described as
fishermen, hunters, and robbers; considered a
degraded caste, off- spring of Brâhmans and Sûdra women;
a note in the musical scale; î, f. Nishâda woman.
निषाद nishâdá
Sûdra women; a note in the musical scale; î, f. Nishâda
woman.
p144c3-b13/ p088
• निषादिन्
nisadin [ nishâd-in ]
-- a. sitting, lying, on or in (lc., --°); m. elephant driver.
निषादिन्
nishâd-in sitting, lying, on or in (lc., --°); m. elephant
driver.
p144c3-b14/ p088
• निषिद्धि
nisiddhi [ ni-shiddhi ]
-- f. prohibition.
निषिद्धि
ni-shiddhi prohibition.
p144c3-b15/ p088
• निषूदक
nisudaka [ ni-shûdaka ]
-- m. destroyer; -shûd ana, a. removing; m. destroyer.
निषूदक
ni-shûdaka destroyer; -shûdana, a. removing; m. destroyer.
p144c3-b16/ p088
• निषेक
niseka [ ni-sheka ]
-- m. sprinkling, distilling; injection; impregnation;
seed; ceremony performed on impregnation; slops;
dripping fluid; -shektavya, fp. to be poured upon
(lc.); -shektri, m. begetter; -shékana,
n. pouring out; sprinkling, with (--°).
निषेक ni-sheka
sprinkling, distilling; injection; impregnation; seed;
ceremony performed on impregnation; slops; dripping fluid;
-shektavya, fp. to be poured upon (lc.); -shektri, m.
begetter; -shékana, n. pouring out; sprinkling, with (--°).
• निषेद्धव्य
niseddhavya [ ni-shed-dhavya ]
-- fp. to be restrained or prevented; -sheddhrí,
m. restrainer, preventer; -shedha, m. keeping off,
prevention; prohibition; negation: -ka,
a. prohibiting; -shedhin, a. repelling = surpassing (--°);
-shedhya, fp. to be prevented or prohibited;
-sheva, a. practising (--°); m. adoration:
â, f. practice, addiction to; enjoyment; adoration;
-shevaka, a. (--°) frequenting; practising; enjoying;
-shevana, n. visiting; practice; employment of,
addiction to (g., --°); -shev-
( end p144c3 )
( p145c1-top
)
-itavya, fp. to be practised or observed; -employed;
-enjoyed; -shevin, a. devoting oneself to, practising;
enjoying, having sexual intercourse with; -shevya,
fp. to be visited; -enjoyed; venerable.
निषेद्धव्य
ni-shed-dhavya to be restrained or prevented; -sheddhrí, m.
restrainer, preventer; -shedha, m. keeping off, prevention;
prohibition; negation: -ka, a. prohibiting; -shedhin, a.
repelling = surpassing (--°); -shedhya, fp. to be prevented
or prohibited; -sheva, a. practising (--°); m. adoration: â,
f. practice, addiction to; enjoyment; adoration; -shevaka,
a. (--°) frequenting; practising; enjoying; -shevana, n.
visiting; practice; employment of, addiction to (g., --°);
-shev- -itavya, fp. to be practised or observed; --
employed; -- enjoyed; -shevin, a. devoting oneself to,
practising; enjoying, having sexual intercourse with;
-shevya, fp. to be visited; -- enjoyed; venerable.
UKT: p144c3-b14 moved to next file.
-- UKT 120608, 120609
I expect to rewrite this note again as I gain new insight to the Sanskrit
language.
How is निः pronounced? It is obviously an allophone of /ni/.
• निः (?) • नि (short) • नी (long)
Is this series common for all the vowels? Or is it only for those with nasal consonants, such as /n/? I will have to go over the entire Macdonell SED again?
The corresponding grapheme in Bur-Myan to Skt-Dev ः «visarga» is the look alike
{wic~sa.pauk} which I usually shortened to
{wic~sa.}.
See MED2006-480. In Bur-Myan, the corresponding series to the above is:
•
It should be noted that
It is a common mistake to say that visarga comes after a stop-consonant. I would say it comes after the intrinsic vowel of the consonantal akshara. This mistake is obviously due to the authors in not distinguishing the alphabetic system from the abugida. Let's see what Wikipedia has to say:
From Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visarga 120609
Visarga «visarga
» (विसर्ग) [UKT:
{wir~þa.ga.} /
{wir~þ~ga.}] is a Sanskrit word meaning "sending forth, discharge". In Sanskrit
phonology (śikṣā),
visarga (also called, equivalently,
visarjanīya by earlier grammarians) is the name of a phone,
[h], written as Devanagari ः. The circle
stands in for a consonant and is not an actual letter; the two dots on the right
form the Visarga.
Visarga is an allophone of /r/ and /s/ in pausa (at the end of an utterance). Since /-s/ is a common inflectional suffix (of nominative singular, second person singular, etc.), visarga appears frequently in Sanskrit texts. In the traditional order of Sanskrit sounds, visarga together with anusvāra appears between vowels and stop consonants.
The precise pronunciation of visarga in Vedic texts may vary between shakhas. Some pronounce a slight echo of the preceding vowel after the fricative.
In Tamil, the visarga is called āytam, written ஃ. Apart from a modern use as a diacritic to write foreign sounds, it is archaic and employed only in idiomatic and fossilized words such as அஃது, இஃது etc. It is mentioned in the earliest available Tamil grammatical treatise, Tolkāppiyam (1:1:2), where it is categorized as an allophone (cārpezuttu "dependent sound"). As stated by Krishnamurti (Krishnamurti:2003 p154 [1] ) "The properties of āytam, as described by Tolkāppiyam, were: (1) it occurred after a short vowel and before a stop (voiceless), and its place of articulation is like that of the stop. In other words, ... assimilates to the following voiceless stop".
In the Burmese script, the visarga ... [is] represented with two dots to the right of the letter ), when used with joined to a letter, creates the high tone. [UKT: Wiki is considering Bur-Myan to be a tonal language. It is not "high tone" but emphatic pitch-register.]
Go back Allophone-Skt-note-b
End of TIL file