Update: 2020-05-29 12:16 AM -0400

TIL

Practical Sanskrit Dictionary for Buddhists and Hindus

p119.htm

• A Practical Sanskrikt Dictionary, by A. A. Macdonell, 1893,
http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MDScan/index.php?sfx=jpg; 1929.
- Nataraj ed., 1st in 2006, 2012.
- https://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/macdonell/ 190516
• The Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Grammar and Dictionary, BHS, vol.2, by F. Edgerton, pp. 627.
- FEdgerton-BHSD<Ô> / Bkp<Ô> (link chk 180627)
• The Student's Pali English dictionary , by U Pe Maung Tin, 1920.
- (ref: UPMT-PEDxxx). Downloaded copies in TIL HD-PDF and SD-PDF libraries:
- UPMT-PaliDict1920<Ô> / bkp<Ô> (link chk 190113)
• Pali-Myanmar Dictionary (in Pal-Myan), by U Hoke Sein,
- (ref: UHS-PMD). The dictionary in printed form is in TIL Research Library.
• Latin-English Vocabulary II, by Hans H Ørberg, 1998
- HHOrberg-LinguaLatina<Ô> / Bkp<Ô> (link chk 190624)

Edited by U Kyaw Tun (UKT) (M.S., I.P.S.T., USA), Daw Khin Wutyi, Daw Thuzar Myint, Daw Zinthiri Han and staff of Tun Institute of Learning (TIL). Not for sale. No copyright. Free for everyone. Prepared for students and staff of TIL Research Station, Yangon, MYANMAR
- http://www.tuninst.net , www.romabama.blogspot.com

MC-indx.htm | Top
MCpp-indx.htm

Contents of this page

{da-ra.}
p119-c1
{dar} - repha
{dar~Ða.}
{dar-da.}
{dar~Ba.}
{dar~wa.}
{dar-sha.}
{dar~Sa.}
{da-la.}
{da-wa.}
{da-sha.}
{da-þa.}
p119-c2
{da-ha.}
{di.}
{di.ka.}
{di.ga.}
{daïn} : Note {king:si:} vowel { ï }
{di.ta.}
p119-c3
{di.na.}
{di.la.}
{di.wa.}

UKT notes :
• Kshemagupta and Didda • Turtles all the way down

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p119-c1

p119c1-b00/ not online

• [dâru-ka]
-- m. N. of Krishna's charioteer

p119c1-b01/ p081

• दारुकर्मन् darukarman [ dâru-karman ]
-- n. wood-carving; -kritya, n. function of wood; -ga, a. wooden.
दारुकर्मन् dâru-karman wood-carving; -kritya, n. function of wood; -ga, a. wooden.

p119c1-b02/ p081

• दारुण daruna [ dârú-na (or á) ]
-- a. (â, î) hard (not soft); sharp (wind); rough, harsh, severe (speech, temper, person); violent, intense (pain etc.); painful (birth); terrible; n. harshness, severity.
दारुण dârú-na (or á) (â, î) hard (not soft); sharp (wind); rough, harsh, severe (speech, temper, person); violent, intense (pain etc.); painful (birth); terrible; n. harshness, severity.

p119c1-b03/ p081

• दारुणता darunata [ dâruna-tâ ]
-- f. harshness; terribleness; -‿âtman, a. hard-hearted, cruel.
दारुणता dâruna-tâ harshness; terribleness; -̮âtman, a. hard-hearted, cruel.

p119c1-b04/ p081

• दारुण्य darunya [ dârun-ya ]
-- n. hardness.
दारुण्य dârun-ya hardness.

p119c1-b05/ p081

• दारुपर्वत daruparvata [ dâru-parvata ]
-- m. N. of a palace; -phalaka, n. shutter; -máya, a. (î) wooden; -varman, m. N.; -sesha, a. containing only wood besides.
दारुपर्वत dâru-parvata -phalaka, n. shutter; -máya, a. (î) wooden; -varman, m. N.; -sesha, a. containing only wood besides.

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{dar} - repha

p119c1-b06/ p081

• दार्ढ्य dardhya [ dârdh-ya ]
= द ा र ् ढ ् य
-- n. firmness; stability, stead fastness; confirmation.
दार्ढ्य dârdh-ya firmness; stability, steadfastness; confirmation.

p119c1-b07/ p081

• दार्दुर dardura [ dârdura ]
= द ा र ् द ु र
-- a. (î) relating to a frog.
दार्दुर dârdura (î) relating to a frog.

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p119c1-b08/ p081

• दार्भ darbha [ dârbha ]
= द ा र ् भ
-- a. (î) made of Darbha grass.
दार्भ dârbha (î) made of Darbha grass.

p119c1-b09/ p081

• दार्वdarva [ dârv-a ]
= द ा र ् व
-- a. (î) wooden; m. pl. N. of a people.
दार्व dârv-a (î) wooden; m. pl. N. of a people.

p119c1-b10/ p081

• दार्वाघाट darvaghata [ dâru‿âghâtá ]
-- m. woodpecker.
दार्वाघाट dâru̮âghâtá woodpecker.

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p119c1-b11/ p081

• दार्श darsa [ dârs-a ]
-- m. new-moon sacrifice; a. (î) relating to the --; -ika, a. (î) relating to the new-moon (sacrifice).
दार्श dârs-a new-moon sacrifice; a. (î) relating to the --; -ika, a. (î) relating to the new-moon (sacrifice).

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p119c1-b12/ p081

• दार्ष्टान्तिक darstantika [ dârshtânt-ika ]
= द ा र ् ष ् ट ा न ् त ि क
-- a. elucidated or elucidating by an example or simile (drish tânta).
दार्ष्टान्तिक dârshtânt-ika elucidated or elucidating by an example or simile (drishtânta).

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p119c1-b13/ p081

• दालन dalana [ dâl-ana ]
-- n. crumbling off (of the teeth).
दालन dâl-ana crumbling off (of the teeth).

p119c1-b14/ p081

• दालि dali [ dâli ]
-- f. peeled grain.
दालि dâli peeled grain.

p119c1-b15/ p081

• दालिम dalima [ dâlima ]
-- m. pomegranate tree.
दालिम dâlima pomegranate tree.

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p119c1-b16/ p081

• दाव dava [ dâvá ]
-- m. (forest) conflagration; m. n. forest: -dahana, m. forest fire; -‿agni, m. fire of a burning forest; -‿anala, m. id.
दाव dâvá (forest) conflagration; m. n. forest: -dahana, m. forest fire; -̮agni, m. fire of a burning forest; -̮anala, m. id.

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p119c1-b17/ not online

• [DÂS] (V.) P. I.
-- dâsati , II. dâshti , V. dâsnoti , worship a god (d.) with (in.); offer reverently; bestow; cs. dâsaya , offer

p119c1-b18/ p081

• दाश dasa [ dãsa ]
-- m. fisherman, boatman, ferry man, sailor.
दाश daNsa fisherman, boatman, ferryman, sailor.

p119c1-b19/ p081

• दाशतय dasataya [ dâsataya ]
-- a. (î) tenfold; belonging to the tenfold Rig-veda.
दाशतय dâsataya (î) tenfold; belonging to the tenfold Rig-veda.

p119c1-b20/ p081

• दाशपति dasapati [ dâsa-pati ]
-- m. chief of fishermen.
दाशपति dâsa-pati chief of fishermen.

p119c1-b21/ p081

• दाशरथि dasarathi [ dâsarath-i ]
-- m. pat. N.: du. Râma and Lakshmana.
दाशरथि dâsarath-i Râma and Lakshmana.

p119c1-b22/ p081

• दाशराज्ञ dasarajna [ dâsa-râgñá ]
-- n. battle of the ten kings.
दाशराज्ञ dâsa-râgñá battle of the ten kings.

p119c1-b23/ p081

• दाशार्णक dasarnaka [ dâsârnaka ]
-- a. (ikâ) belonging to the Dasârnas.
दाशार्णक dâsârnaka (ikâ) belonging to the Dasârnas.

p119c1-b24/ p081

• दाशार्ह dasarha [ dâsârha ]
-- a. belonging to Dasârha (Krishna); m. ep. of Krishna; king of the Dasârhas.
दाशार्ह dâsârha belonging to Dasârha (Krishna); m. ep. of Krishna; king of the Dasârhas.

p119c1-b25/ p081

• दाशुषे dasuse [ dâs-úsh-e ]
-- d. of dâsvás (pf. pt. of √dâs), pious.
दाशुषे dâs-úsh-e dâsvás (pf. pt. of √dâs), pious.

p119c1-b26/ p081

• दाशेरक daseraka [ dâsera-ka ]
-- m. fisherman: pl. N. of a people.
दाशेरक dâsera-ka fisherman: pl. N. of a people.

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p119c1-b27/ not online

[DÂS] I. P.
-- dãsa , (V.) only with abhi , bear ill-will to, persecute

p119c1-b28

• दास dasa [ 1. dâs-á ]
-- ¹ m. foe; demon; infidel (V.); slave; servant.
दास 1. dâs-á foe; demon; infidel (V.); slave; servant.

p119c1-b29/ p081

• दास dasa [ 2. dãs-a ]
-- ² a. (î) hostile; demoniac; impious; m. foe, demon, infidel.
दास 2. daNs-a (î) hostile; demoniac; impious; m. foe, demon, infidel.

p119c1-b30

• दासजन dasajana [ dâsa-gana ]
-- m. slave; domestics; -gîvana, a. who lives like a slave, living by slavish work; -tâ, f., -tva, n. slavery, bon dage; -dâsî, f. female slave of a slave; (á) pravarga, a. having a crowd of slaves; -var ga, m. domestics.
दासजन dâsa-gana slave; domestics; -gîvana, a. who lives like a slave, living by slavish work; -tâ, f., -tva, n. slavery, bondage; -dâsî, f. female slave of a slave; (á)pravarga, a. having a crowd of slaves; -varga, m. domestics.

p119c1-b31/ p081

• दासी dasi [ dâsî ]
-- f. female slave: dâsyâh putra, m. son of a slave (also as a term of abuse).
दासी dâsî female slave: dâsyâh putra, m. son of a slave (also as a term of abuse). ( end p119c1 )

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p119-c2

p119c2-b00/ not online

• [dâsî-kri]
-- enslave

p119c2-b01/ p081

• दासीदास dasidasa [ dâsî-dâsa ]
-- n. sg. female and male slaves; -putra, m. son of a slave; -bhâva, m. condition of a female slave.
दासीदास dâsî-dâsa female and male slaves; -putra, m. son of a slave; -bhâva, m. condition of a female slave.

p119c2-b02/ p081

• दासेरक daseraka [ dâseraka ]
-- m. (young) camel; î, f. female camel.
दासेरक dâseraka (young) camel; î, f. female camel.

p119c2-b03/ p081

• दास्य dasya [ dâs-yã ]
-- m. bondage, servitude; service, work of slaves.
दास्य dâs-yã bondage, servitude; service, work of slaves.

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p119c2-b04/ p081

• दाह daha [ dâh-a ]
-- m. burning, conflagration; cauterising; being burnt; inward heat, feverish heat: disâm dâha, preternatural redness of the sky.
दाह dâh-a burning, conflagration; cauterising; being burnt; inward heat, feverish heat: disâm dâha, preternatural redness of the sky.

p119c2-b05/ p081

• दाहक dahaka [ dâha-ka ]
-- a. (ikâ) burning, setting on fire.
दाहक dâha-ka (ikâ) burning, setting on fire.

p119c2-b06/ p081

• दाहज्वर dahajvara [ dâha-gvara ]
-- m. burning fever.
दाहज्वर dâha-gvara burning fever.

p119c2-b07/ p081

• दाहन dahana [ dâh-ana ] -- n. causing to be burnt.
दाहन dâh-ana causing to be burnt.

p119c2-b08/ p081

• दाहात्मक dahatmaka [ dâha‿âtmaka ]
-- a. inflammable, burning, scorching; -‿âtman, a. id.
दाहात्मक dâha̮âtmaka inflammable, burning, scorching; -̮âtman, a. id.

p119c2-b09/ p081

• दाहिन् dahin [ dâh-in ]
-- a. burning, setting on fire; flaming; burning hot.
दाहिन् dâh-in burning, setting on fire; flaming; burning hot.

p119c2-b10/ p081

• दाहुक dahuka [ dãh-u-ka ]
-- a. burning; m. conflagration.
दाहुक daNh-u-ka burning; m. conflagration.

p119c2-b11/ p081

• दाह्यdahya [ dâh-ya ]
-- fp. to be burned.
दाह्य dâh-ya to be burned.

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p119c2-b12/ not online

• दिक्क [dik-ka]
-- --° = dis

p119c2-b13/ p081

• दिक्कन्या dikkanya [ dik-kanyâ ]
-- f. quarter of the sky as a maiden; -karin, m. elephant of the quarters (supporting the earth at one of the four or eight points of the compass); -kântâ, -kâminî, f. quarter of the sky as a maiden; -kakra, n. horizon: -vâla, n. surrounding horizon; -khabda, m. word expressive of direction; -ta- ta, m. brink of the compass, horizon, extreme distance; -pati, m. regent of a quarter; -pa tha, m. horizon, extreme distance; -pâla, m. guardian of a quarter; -prekshana, n. looking about in all directions (in fear); -sundarî, f.=dik-kanyâ.
दिक्कन्या dik-kanyâ quarter of the sky as a maiden; -karin, m. elephant of the quarters (supporting the earth at one of the four or eight points of the compass); -kântâ, -kâminî, f. quarter of the sky as a maiden; -kakra, n. horizon: -vâla, n. surrounding horizon; -khabda, m. word expressive of direction; -ta- ta, m. brink of the compass, horizon, extreme distance; -pati, m. regent of a quarter; -patha, m. horizon, extreme distance; -pâla, m. guardian of a quarter; -prekshana, n. looking about in all directions (in fear); -sundarî, f.=dik-kanyâ.

See my note on the expression Turtles all the way down

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p119c2-b14/ p081

• दिगधिप digadhipa [ dig-adhipa ]
-- m. regent of a quarter; -anta, m. end of the horizon, end of the world, extreme distance; -antara, n. another region; foreign parts; a particular quarter (w. paski metara, the east): pl. all the quarters; -am bara, a. clad with the quarters only, stark naked; m. naked mendicant monk, esp. among the Jains: î, f. ep. of Durgâ.
दिगधिप dig-adhipa regent of a quarter; -anta, m. end of the horizon, end of the world, extreme distance; -antara, n. another region; foreign parts; a particular quarter (w. paskimetara, the east): pl. all the quarters; -ambara, a. clad with the quarters only, stark naked; m. naked mendicant monk, esp. among the Jains: î, f. ep. of Durgâ.

p119c2-b15/ p081

• दिगम्बरत्व digambaratva [ dig-ambara-tva ]
-- n. nakedness.
दिगम्बरत्व dig-ambara-tva nakedness.

p119c2-b16/ p081

• दिग्गज diggaja [ dig-gaga ]
-- m. elephant of the quarters; -gaya, m. conquest of the world; -dâha, m. preternatural redness of the horizon; -deva tâ, f. deity of a quarter; -desa, m. remote region.
दिग्गज dig-gaga elephant of the quarters; -gaya, m. conquest of the world; -dâha, m. preternatural redness of the horizon; -devatâ, f. deity of a quarter; -desa, m. remote region.

p119c2-b17/ p081

• दिग्ध digdha [ dig-dha ]
-- pp. of √dih; m. poisoned arrow.
दिग्ध dig-dha √dih; m. poisoned arrow.

p119c2-b18/ p081

• दिग्भाग digbhaga [ dig-bhâga ]
-- m. point of the compass; -vadhû, f.=dik-kanyâ; -vasana, n. naked ness; -vârana, m. elephant of the quarters; -vâsas, a. clad in the quarters, stark naked; -vigaya, m. conquest in all directions, world conquest; -vibhâga, m. point of the compass, quarter of the sky; -vilokana, n. looking about in all directions (in fear); -vyâghâr ana, n. sprinkling of the quarters; -vyâpin, a. pervading the quarters, extending in all directions.
दिग्भाग dig-bhâga point of the compass; -vadhû, f.=dik-kanyâ; -vasana, n. nakedness; -vârana, m. elephant of the quarters; -vâsas, a. clad in the quarters, stark naked; -vigaya, m. conquest in all directions, world conquest; -vibhâga, m. point of the compass, quarter of the sky; -vilokana, n. looking about in all directions (in fear); -vyâghârana, n. sprinkling of the quarters; -vyâpin, a. pervading the quarters, extending in all directions.

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UKT: How would I pronounce ? It is a very uncommon spelling in Bur-Myan. The only word I can think of at present is {laïn} 'sex, gender, etc.' spelled in Romabama with the {king:si:}-vowel { ï }. See MED2006-451 for {laïn}. Yet I cannot use the pronunciation guide given by MLC /lein/, because it is an open sound and should be spelled with <a> instead of <e>. {laïn} has the same pronunciation as / {lain}/ without a {g}-ending or {n}-ending. I am waiting for comments from my peers. -- UKT120406

p119c2-b19/ not online

• दिङ्नाग dinnaga [ diṅ-nâga ]
-- m. elephant of the quarters; -nâtha, m. regent of a quarter; -mand ala, n. circle of the quarters, horizon; -mâ taṅga, m. elephant of the quarters; -mâtra, n. mere indication, mere example; -mukha, n. point of the compass; place, location; -moha, m. bewilderment as to the cardinal points.

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p119c2-b20/ p081

• दित dita [ di-ta ]
-- pp. of √2. dâ and √3. dâ.
दित di-ta √2. dâ and √3. dâ.

p119c2-b21/ p081

• दिति diti [ 1. dí-ti ]
-- ¹ f. distribution; liberality.
दिति 1. dí-ti distribution; liberality.

p119c3-b00/ not online

• दिति diti [ 2. dí-ti ]
-- ² f. N. of a goddess (a word evolved from Aditi); C. a daughter of Daksha, wife of Kasyapa, and mother of the Daityas.

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p119-c3

p119c3-b01/ not online

• [diti-ga]
-- m. son of Diti, a Daitya.

p119c3-b02/ p081

• दित्यवह् didrksu [ ditya-váh ]
-- m. (nm. -vât) two-year-old bull; dityauh&isharp;, f. two-year-old cow.
दित्यवह् ditya-váh -vât) two-year-old bull; dityauhî, f. two-year-old cow.

p119c3-b03/ p081

• दित्सा ditsa [ dit-sâ ]
-- f. desire to give; -sú, des. a. willing to give, grant, or perform.
दित्सा dit-sâ desire to give; -sú, des. a. willing to give, grant, or perform.

p119c3-b04/ p081

• दिदी didi [ didî ]
-- v. √2. dî.
दिदी didî √2. dî.

p119c3-b05/ p081

• दिदृक्षा didrksa [ di-drik-shâ ]
-- f. desire to see.
दिदृक्षा di-drik-shâ desire to see.

p119c3-b06/ p081

• दिदृक्षु dityavah [ di-drík-shu ]
-- des. a. desirous to see, examine, or inspect (ac.).
दिदृक्षु di-drík-shu desirous to see, examine, or inspect (ac.).

p119c3-b07/ p081

• दिद्दा didda [ diddâ ]
-- f. N. of a princess of Cashmere: -kshema, m. ep. of Kshema-gupta; -pâla, m. N.; -pura, n. N. of a city; -svâ min, m. N. of a temple.
दिद्दा diddâ -kshema, m. ep. of Kshema-gupta; -pâla, m. N.; -pura, n. N. of a city; -svâmin, m. N. of a temple.

See my note on Kshemagupta and Didda
mentioned in Rājatarangiṇī (Rājataraṃgiṇī "The River of Kings") by Kalhaṇa (2th century CE)

p119c3-b08/ p081

• दिद्युत् didyut [ di-dyút ]
-- a. flashing; f. missile; Indra's thunderbolt.
दिद्युत् di-dyút flashing; f. missile; Indra's thunderbolt.

p119c3-b09/ p081

• दिधक्षा didhaksa [ di-dhak-shâ ]
-- f. desire to burn; -shu, des. a. wishing to burn or destroy.
दिधक्षा di-dhak-shâ desire to burn; -shu, des. a. wishing to burn or destroy.

p119c3-b10/ p081

• दिधिषु didhisu [ di-dhi-shú ]
-- a. wishing to obtain; courting; m. suitor, husband; ûbrev;, f. woman remarried; unmarried woman having a younger married sister: (û)-pati, m. husband of a (brother's) widow; husband of a woman married after her younger sister.
दिधिषु di-dhi-shú wishing to obtain; courting; m. suitor, husband; ŭ̂, f. woman remarried; unmarried woman having a younger married sister: (û)-pati, m. husband of a (brother's) widow; husband of a woman married after her younger sister.

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p119c3-b11/ p081

• दिन dina [ 1. diná ]
-- ¹ pp. of √2. dâ.
दिन 1. diná √2. dâ.

p119c3-b12/ p081

• दिन dina [ 2. dína ]
-- ² n. day: -kara, m. (day-making), sun; N.; -kartavya, n. daily observance; -kartri, m. (day-maker), sun; -kârya, n. daily observance; -krit, m. sun; -kritya, n. =-kârya; -kshaya, m. decline of day, even ing; -naktam, ad. day and night; -nâtha, m. (lord of day), sun; -pati, m. id.; -bhartri, m. id.; -mani, m. id. (gem of day); -mukha, n. day-break.
दिन 2. dína day: -kara, m. (day-making), sun; N.; -kartavya, n. daily observance; -kartri, m. (day-maker), sun; -kârya, n. daily observance; -krit, m. sun; -kritya, n. =-kârya; -kshaya, m. decline of day, evening; -naktam, ad. day and night; -nâtha, m. (lord of day), sun; -pati, m. id.; -bhartri, m. id.; -mani, m. id. (gem of day); -mukha, n. day-break.

p119c3-b13/ p081

• दिनागम dinagama [ dina‿âgama ]
-- m. day-break; -‿âdi, m. id.; -‿adhinâtha, m. sun; -‿adhîsa, m. sun; -‿anta, m. evening; -‿ardha, midday; -‿avasâna, n. close of day, evening.
दिनागम dina̮âgama day-break; -̮âdi, m. id.; -̮adhinâtha, m. sun; -̮adhîsa, m. sun; -̮anta, m. evening; -̮ardha, midday; -̮avasâna, n. close of day, evening.

p119c3-b14/ p081

• दिनेश dinesa [ dina‿îsa ]
-- m. sun; -‿îsvara, m. id.
दिनेश dina̮îsa sun; -̮îsvara, m. id.

p119c3-b15/ p081

• दिनोदय dinodaya
-- [ dina‿udaya ] m. day-break.
दिनोदय dina̮udaya day-break.

p119c3-b16/ p081

• दिन्नाग्राम dinnagrama [ dinnâ-grâma ]
-- m. N. of a village.
दिन्नाग्राम dinnâ-grâma village.

p119c3-b17/ p081

• दिप्सु dipsu [ dip-sú ]
-- des. a. wishing to harm (√dabh).
दिप्सु dip-sú wishing to harm (√dabh).

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p119c3-b18/ not online

• दिलीप [dilîpa]
-- m. N. of a king, son of Amsumat and ancestor of Râma.

UKT addition: दिलीप Dilipa was a king of the Solar dynasty, the son of Amshuman, and an ancestor of Rama. He is the father of Bhageeratha. -- http://www.apamnapat.com/entities/Dilipa.html 120406

p119c3-b19/ not online

• दिव् div [ 1. DIV ] IV.
-- ¹ divya , cast, throw; radiate, shine; throw dice, play at dice (in.) with any one (in.) for (in. or d.); ...

p119c3-b20/ not online

• दिव् div [ 2. DIV ] I.
-- -déva ; pp. dyûna , tormented. pari , lament; pp. páridyûna , wretched; cs. ...

p119c3-b21/ p081

• दिव् div [ 3. dív ]
-- ³ m. f. (nm. dyaús; middle base dyú) heaven; m. radiance, brilliance; day; -am gam or yâ, go to heaven; die; dyúbhih, for days, for a long time.
दिव् 3. dív dyaús; middle base dyú) heaven; m. radiance, brilliance; day; -am gam or yâ, go to heaven; die; dyúbhih, for days, for a long time.

p119c3-b22/ p081

• दिव diva [ div-á ]
Skt: -- n. heaven; day, only in dive dive, day by day. -- Mac119c3
दिव div-á heaven; day, only in dive dive, day by day.
BPal: {di.wa.}
- - UHS-PMD0472

UKT from UHS: n. deva village, day, sky
Note the usage of the term {nût rwa} 'deva village' instead of {nût præÑ} 'deva country' or 'deva capital'. It reminds me of the story of {hkoän-tau} {maung-kya.pûn:} of the Ava period who remindeded his rivals the lawyers at the royal arbitration court that their abode could not be but a "village" when compared to the abode of Sakkra who resided in {nût rwa}. -- UKT120407

p119c3-b23/ p081

• दिवंगम divangama [ divam-gama ]
-- a. going or leading to heaven.
दिवंगम divam-gama going or leading to heaven.

p119c3-b24/ p081

• दिवस divasa [ dív-as-a ]
-- m. heaven, day.
दिवस dív-as-a heaven, day. ( end p119c3 )

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UKT notes

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The entries were given not only in HTML (which is very misleading) but also in simple ASCII which can be easily related to IAST . I am removing the so-called HTML which were in [...] and substituting simple ASCII.

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Kshemagupta and Didda

Excerpts from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajatarangini 120406
UKT: I have added Skt-Dev after some of the names. These are all from various Wiki sources which I have accessed from the links given in this text.

Rājatarangiṇī ( Rājataraṃgiṇī "The River of Kings") is a metrical historical chronicle of north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir, written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri Brahman Kalhaṇa ( कल्हण ) in 12th century CE. ^[1]

The work generally records the heritage of Kashmir, but 120 verses of Rājatarangiṇī describe the misrule prevailing in Kashmir during the reign of King Kalash, son of King Ananta Deva of Kashmir. Although the earlier books are inaccurate in their chronology, they still provide an invaluable source of information about early Kashmir and its neighbors in the north western parts of the Indian subcontinent, and are widely referenced by later historians and ethnographers.

Context

The broad valley of Kashmir, also spelled Cashmere ^[2] is almost completely surrounded by the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal range.

Kalhana states that the valley of Kashmir was formerly a lake. This was drained by the great rishi or sage, Kashyapa (कश्यप kaśyapa), son of Marichi, son of Brahma (ब्रह्मा brahmā) , by cutting the gap in the hills at Baramulla (Varaha-mula). Vraha (in Kashmiri Boar), Mulla (in Kashmiri Molar).

UKT: Rishi Kashypa कश्यप kaśyapa is important for Bur-Myan because he was an ancient sage (rishis), who is one of the Saptarshis in the present Manvantara ... [the following is from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashyapa 120406 ]
"He was the father of the Devas, Asuras, Nagas [ and all of humanity. [UKT ¶ ]

I have come across the suggestion that the term "Naga" was applied to all ancient peoples who worship the mythical {na.ga:}, and since Bur-Myan had been {na.ga:}-worshipers before King Anawratha, the term can be applied to Bur-Myan. -- UKT120406

"He married Aditi, with whom he fathered Agni, the Adityas, and most importantly Lord Vishnu took his fifth Avatar as Vamana, the son of Aditi, in the seventh Manvantara.^[2] With his second wife, Diti, he begot the Daityas. Diti and Aditi were daughters of King Daksha Prajapati and sisters to Sati, Shiva's consort. Kashyap received the earth, obtained by Parashurama's conquest of King Kartavirya Arjuna and henceforth, earth came to be known as "Kashyapi".

"He was also the author of the treatise Kashyap Samhita, or Braddha Jivakiya Tantra, which is considered, a classical reference book on Ayurveda especially in the fields of Ayurvedic pediatrics, gynecology and obstetrics.^[3] It can be safely assumed that there were many Kashyaps and the name indicates a status and not just one individual."

Dynasties

The kings of Kashmir described in the Rājatarangiṇī can be roughly grouped into dynasties as in the table below. Notes in parentheses refer to a book and verse. Thus (IV.678) is Book IV verse 678.

UKT: In dynasty of Mauriyas we find;
"The Maurya Empire was a geographically extensive and powerful political and military empire in ancient India, founded by Chandragupta Maurya in Magadha, in 322 BCE. His grandson Ashoka the Great (273-232 BCE) built many stupas in Kashmir, and was succeeded by his son Jalauka."

UKT: After many dynasties, in Divira dynasty is mentioned:
"After a young son of Yashaskara, Pravaragupta, a Divira (clerk), became king. His son Kshemagupta married Didda, daughter of Simharaja of Lohara. After ruling indirectly and directly, Didda (980-1003 CE) placed Samgramaraja, son of her brother on the throne, starting the Lohara dynasty."

UKT: The last dynasty mentioned in Wikipedia article is the Lohara dynasty.

Go back Kshema-Didda-note-b

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Turtles all the way down

From Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turtles_all_the_way_down 120405

"Turtles all the way down" is a jocular expression of the infinite regress problem in cosmology posed by the "unmoved mover" paradox. The phrase was popularized by Stephen Hawking in 1988. The "turtle" metaphor in the anecdote represents a popular notion of a "primitive cosmological myth", viz. the flat earth supported on the back of a World Turtle.

A comparable metaphor describing the circular cause and consequence for the same problem is the "chicken and egg problem". Another metaphor addressing the problem of infinite regression, albeit not in a cosmological context, is Quis custodiet ipsos custodes? The same problem in epistemology is known as the Münchhausen Trilemma.

Origin

The origins of the turtle story are uncertain. The most widely known version appears in Stephen Hawking's 1988 book A Brief History of Time, which starts:

A well-known scientist (some say it was Bertrand Russell) once gave a public lecture on astronomy. He described how the earth orbits around the sun and how the sun, in turn, orbits around the center of a vast collection of stars called our galaxy. At the end of the lecture, a little old lady at the back of the room got up and said: "What you have told us is rubbish. The world is really a flat plate supported on the back of a giant tortoise." The scientist gave a superior smile before replying, "What is the tortoise standing on?" "You're very clever, young man, very clever," said the old lady. "But it's turtles all the way down!" - ^[1]

There is an allusion to the story in David Hume's Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion (published in 1779):

How can we satisfy ourselves without going on in infinitum? And, after all, what satisfaction is there in that infinite progression? Let us remember the story of the Indian philosopher and his elephant. It was never more applicable than to the present subject. If the material world rests upon a similar ideal world, this ideal world must rest upon some other; and so on, without end. It were better, therefore, never to look beyond the present material world. - ^[2]

In 1905, Oliver Corwin Sabin, Bishop of the Evangelical Christian Science Church, wrote:

The old original idea which was enunciated first in India, that the world was flat and stood on the back of an elephant, and the elephant did not have anything to stand on was the world's thought for centuries. That story is not as good as the Richmond negro preachers who said the world was flat and stood on a turtle. They asked him what the turtle stood on and he said another turtle, and they asked what that turtle stood on and he said another turtle, and finally they got him in a hole and he said. "I tell you there are turtles all the way down." - ^[3]

In J. R. (Haj) Ross's 1967 linguistics dissertation, Constraints on Variables in Syntax, the scientist is identified as the Harvard psychologist and philosopher William James. Of the story's provenance, Ross writes:

I have been unable to find any published reference to it, so it may be that I have attributed it to the wrong man, or that it is apocryphal. Be that as it may, because of its bull's-eye relevance to the study of syntax, I have retold it here.^[4]^[5]

This quote also appears in Robert Anton Wilson's Prometheus Rising (1983); he attributes the story to William James:

William James, father of American psychology, tells of meeting an old lady who told him the Earth rested on the back of a huge turtle. "But, my dear lady", Professor James asked, as politely as possible, "what holds up the turtle?" "Ah", she said, "that's easy. He is standing on the back of another turtle." "Oh, I see", said Professor James, still being polite. "But would you be so good as to tell me what holds up the second turtle?" "It's no use, Professor", said the old lady, realizing he was trying to lead her into a logical trap. "It's turtles-turtles-turtles, all the way!" - ^[6]

Additionally, Stephen Fry, in an episode of the BBC's comedy-quiz show QI (Series 1, episode 2), attributes the turtles anecdote to an exchange between an elderly lady and William James. Also, David Sloan Wilson does the same in his book Evolution for Everyone (Delacorte, 2007): 133.

UKT: More in Wikipedia article

Go back Turtles-note-b

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End of TIL file