p093.htm
• A Practical Sanskrikt Dictionary,
by A. A. Macdonell, 1893,
http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MDScan/index.php?sfx=jpg;
1929.
- Nataraj ed., 1st in 2006, 2012.
-
https://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/macdonell/ 190516
• The Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Grammar and
Dictionary, BHS, vol.2, by F. Edgerton,
pp. 627.
-
FEdgerton-BHSD<Ô> /
Bkp<Ô> (link chk 180627)
• The Student's Pali English dictionary ,
by U Pe Maung Tin, 1920.
- (ref: UPMT-PEDxxx).
Downloaded copies in TIL
HD-PDF and SD-PDF libraries:
-
UPMT-PaliDict1920<Ô> /
bkp<Ô> (link chk 190113)
• Pali-Myanmar Dictionary
(in Pal-Myan), by U Hoke Sein,
- (ref: UHS-PMD). The dictionary in printed form is in TIL Research Library.
• Latin-English Vocabulary II, by Hans H Ørberg, 1998
-
HHOrberg-LinguaLatina<Ô> /
Bkp<Ô> (link
chk 190624)
Edited by U Kyaw Tun (UKT) (M.S., I.P.S.T., USA),
Daw Khin Wutyi, Daw Thuzar Myint, Daw Zinthiri Han
and staff of Tun Institute of Learning (TIL).
Not for sale. No copyright. Free for everyone.
Prepared for students and staff of TIL
Research Station, Yangon, MYANMAR
-
http://www.tuninst.net ,
www.romabama.blogspot.com
MC-indx.htm |
Top
MCpp-indx.htm
{sar~ma.} - cont
p093c1
{sar~ya.}
{sar~wa.}
{sar~Sa.}
/
{sa}
: Maukcha-Weikcha Rule
{sa-ka.}
{sa-kSa.}
{si.}
UKT notes :
• Chanakya - the kingmaker : Machiavelli of the
East
• Goddess of Fortune: Apsara
• Maukcha-Weikcha Rule: {mauk-hkya.
weik-hkya.} rule
• Manu in J. Garrett : a lost passage
• Problem of Palatal-stop and
Dental-Fricative
•
Śrīmad Bhāgavatam - the
Purana or Old Text
Important passage in this file:
UKT 141019: The change of a non-rhotic sound (Pal-Myan) to a rhotic sound (Skt-Dev) is interesting. Here in{sa.ri.ya.} -->
{sar~ya.}, we notice that a fricative sound /sa/ in combination of a rhotic-close sound /ri/ becoming shortened by becoming a repha.
• Maukcha-Weikcha Rule : {mauk-hkya.}-{weik-hkya.} rule
- UKT 160310:
I hold that there is a reason why certain glyphs are based on a single-circle, whilst others are based on double-circles. The reason is either on "pronunciation" or on "meaning", and I try to stick to the rule which I had learnt as a child, that {mauk-hkya.} is used for single-circle glyphs and {weik-hkya.} is for double circles.My friend U Tun Tint of MLC has disputed what I have remembered and holds that the choice of {mauk-hkya.} or {weik-hkya.} is set arbitrarily. And to aid his memory, he has to rely on a Mnemonic . Relying on memory, and not on reason is how our clerics and their young students are trained. It is how the Poannars
{poaN~Na:} are trained - which hinders the advancement of Science.
Go back Maukcha-Weikcha-note-b
{sar~ma.}
- cont
p093c1-b01/ p068-061
• चर्मावकर्तिन् [
karma‿avakartin ]
- m. leather cutter, shoemaker; -‿avakartri, m. id.
61)
p093c1-b02/ p068-060
• चर्मिन् [ karm-in ]
- a. covered with a hide; armed with a shield; m. shield-bearer.
60)
{sar~ya.}
p093c1-b03 / not online
• चर्य [ kar-ya ]
- fp. to be practised; â, f. roaming; procedure, conduct; observance;
performance or practice of, occupation with (--°, in.).
59)
© चर्य carya [ kar-ya ]
-->
{sar~ya.}
Skt: चर्य [ kar-ya ]
-- fp. to be practised; -- Mac093c1
Pal:
{sa.ri.ya.}
-- UHS-PMD0385
UKT from UHS: n. to be practiced, conduct, habit
UKT 141019: The change of a non-rhotic sound (Pal-Myan) to a rhotic sound (Skt-Dev) is interesting. Here in
{sar~wa.}
p093c1-b04/ not online
• चर्व [ karv ]
- cs. karvaya , gnaw at, chew : taste ; pp.
karvita
p093c1-b05/ p068-177
• चर्वण [ karv-ana ]
- n. chewing; tasting; â, f. id.
177)
{sar~Sa.}
p093c1-b06/ p068-058
• चर्षणि [ kar-sh-aní ]
- a. moving, flowing; active, busy; f. pl. men, folk, people (°-generally î).
58)
p093c1-b07/ not online
• चर्षणी [ karshanî ]
- f. unfaithful wife: -dhrít, a. protecting men; -dhríti,
f. protection
of men; -sáh, a. ruling men.
{sa.la.}
p093c1-b08/ not online
• चल् [ kal ]
- i. p. (â.) kala, move, sway, shake, tremble, quiver; move on, advance; go away, depart;
be spread abroad (news); walk about; become agitated, disturbed,
confused, or impaired; waver; swerve from (ab.): pp. kalita;
cs. kalaya, set in motion, stir, shake, cause to
tremble; trouble, agitate;
p093c1-b08/cut#1
divert from (ab.); kâlaya, drive away; shake; invalidate (a proposition); nudge; trouble, agitate, ud, depart; set out; rise from a seat (ab.). pra‿ud, set out. sam-ud, start up together; set out together. pra, become agitated, tremble, quake; stir, advance; rise (wind); spring up (from a seat); set out, depart, diverge from (ab.) cs.
p093c1-b08/cut#2
-kalaya, move; -kâlaya, stir up. vi, waver; move; stir, advance; fall off or down; be agitated, disturbed, or impaired; swerve from (ab.); cs. -kâlaya, agitate; transgress (law); call in question; rescind. pra-vi, swerve from (ab.). sam, tremble, quake; depart; cs. -kâlaya, set in motion; drive away.
© [ kala ],
Skt: [ kala ] - move, sway, shake, tremble, quiver; move on, advance; go away, depart;
be spread abroad (news); walk about; become agitated, disturbed,
confused, or impaired; waver; swerve from (ab.): - Mac093c1
BPal: {sa.la.} - UHS-PMD0386c2
UKT from UHS - mfn. tremble
p093c1-b09/ p068-056
• चल [ kal-a ]
- a. moving, trembling; unsteady, wavering; waving; fluttering; rippling;
fickle: -kitta, n. mutable temper, fickleness; a. fickle:
-tâ, f. fickleness;
giddiness; -tâ, f., -tva, n. tremor, unsteadiness.
56)
p093c1-b10/ p068-055
• चलन [ kal-ana ]
- a. moving, unsteady; walking; dissolute; n. tremor, unsteadiness, motion; activity, function; agitation; deviation from (ab.).
55)
p093c1-b11/ p068-054
• चलनिकेत [ kala-niketa ]
- a. having a transitory abode; -prakriti, a. giddy, fickle;
-svabhâva,
a. of inconstant nature.
54)
p093c1-b12/ p068-053
• चला [ kal-â ]
- f. goddess of fortune.
53)
See my note of Hindu Goddess of Fortune
p093c1-b13/ p068-052
• चलाचल [ kalâ-kala ]
- a. moving to and fro, unsteady; inconstant.
52)
p093c1-b14/ p068-051
• चलात्मन् [ kala‿âtman ]
- a. fickle.
51)
p093c1-b15/ p068-050
• चलित [ kal-ita ]
- pp. n. moving to and fro.
50)
p093c1-b16/ p068-049
• चलितव्य [ kal-i-tavya ]
- fp. one must move on.
49)
p093c1-b17
/ not online
• चलुक [ kaluka ]
- m. ? mouthful of water
p093c1-b18/ p068-048
• चलोर्मि [ kala‿ûrmi ]
- a. rippling.
48)
{sa.wa.}
p093c1-b19/ p068-047
• चविक [ kav-ika ]
- n. kind of pepper; -ikâ, f., -î, f., -ya,
n., -yâ, f. id.
47)
{sa.Sa.}
चष
UKT 170720: See my note on Problem of Palatal-stop and Dental-fricative
UKT 141020: Between Skt-Dev and Pal-Myan, Dental hisser sibilant
{Sa.}/
{S} is usually changed to Dental non-hisser thibilant
{þa.}. Palatal plosive-stop
{sa.}/
{c} remains unchanged.
p093c1-b20/ not online
• चषक [ kash-aka ]
-->
{sa.Sa.ka.}
Skt: [kash-aka]
-- drinking vessel, goblet -- Mac093c1
Pal:
{sa.þa.ka.}
-- UHS-PMD0387
UKT from UHS: drinking vessel, drinking cup for alcoholic drink
p093c1-b21/ p068-046
• चषाल [ kash-ãla ]
- m. n. knob of a sacrificial post.
46)
{sa}
{sa-ka.}
p093c1-b22/ p068-080
• चाक्रिक [ kâkr-ika ]
- m. carter; potter; oil grinder; bell-man; partisan, accomplice.
80)
{sa-kSa.}
UKT 160229: Replacing Pseudo-Kha
{kSa.} with regular
{hka.}, had led me into a blind alley. There are no equivalents in U Hoke Sein. I, therefore, have to rely on the the meaning of "sight", "vision", and "eye".
p093c1-b23/ p068-079
• चाक्षुष [ kâkshushá ]
- a. (î) peculiar to or arising
from the eye; perceptible by the eye; m. pat. of the
sixth Manu; (a)-tva, n. perceptibility by the eye.
79)
See my note on Manu in J. Garrett
© चाक्षुष caksusa [ kâkshushá ]
-->
{sa-kSu.Sa.}
Skt: चाक्षुष [ kâkshushá ] -- a. (î) peculiar to or arising from the eye;
perceptible by the eye; -- Mac093c1
Pal:
{sak~hkoaþ~þa.} -- UHS-PMD0379
UKT from UHS: n. object arising from perception of the eye
UKT 141020, 170720: Now that we are writing a word with pseudo-Kha word as
, the question arises whether we should write
{sa-k~ka.} or
{saak~ka.}. So far in comparing with Pal-Myan, I have found that, Pseudo-Kha
{k~Sa.} क्ष = क ् ष is the only one of its kind, because of which it now written as {ksa.}.
{sa-sa.}
p093c2-b01
• [ kâkari ]
- m. N. of a wrestler
{sa-ña.}
p093c2-b02/ p068-078
• चाञ्चल्य
[ kâñkal-ya ]
= च ा ञ ् च ल ् य
Skt: चाञ्चल्य
[ kâñkal-ya ]
-- n. fickleness, inconstancy. -- Mac093c2
Pal:
{siñ~sa.la.} - UHS-PMD0380
78)
UKT from UHS: mfn. shakiness, flirting or coquetry
p093c2-b03/ p068-077
• चाञ्चव [ kâñkav-a ]
- n. celebrity.
77)
{sa-Ta.}
p093c2-b04/ not online
• चाट [ kâta ]
- m. cheat, rogue.
p093c2-b05
• [kâtalikâ]
-- f. N. of a locality
p093c2-b06/ p068-075
• चाटु [ kâtu ]
- m. n. coaxing, blandishment; courteous act; pretty speech; a. agreeable
(?): -ka, m. id.; - kâra, m. flatterer; u‿artham, for the sake of doing a kindness.
75)
BPal: {sa-Tu.} - UHS PMD0385c1
UKT from UHS - mn. pleasant talk, blandishment
{sa-Na.}
p093c2-b07/ p068-074
• चाणक्य [ kânak-ya ]
- a. made of chick-peas; m. pat. (from Kanaka), N. of Kandragupta's
minister.
74)
See my note on Chanakya - the king maker of Chandragupta
p093c2-b08
/ not online
• चाणूर [kânûra]
-- m. N. of a wrestler slain by Krishna
See my notes on Śrīmad Bhāgavatam 'The Story of the Fortunate One'
- http://bhagavata.org/canto10/chapter44.html#Text%201 120216
in which the story of Cânûra is told. Note: the term 'wrestler' is perhaps misleading since the contestants were holding some sort of weapon in their hands. -- UKT120216
p093c2-b09/ p068-073
• चाण्डाल [ kândâlá ]
= च ा ण ् ड ा ल
{saaN~ða-la.}
Skt:
चाण्डाल [ kândâlá ] - m. =
kandâla; a. (î) peculiar to the
Kandâlas. -- Mac093c2
73)
Pal:
{sûN~ða-la.} -- UHS-PMD0380
UKT from UHS: ¹. m. cemetery worker. ². a metal-piece throwing
game similar to the games of horseshoe and quoits .
Bur:
{sûN~ða-la.} - n. caste of cemetery worker -- MED2006-122
{sa-ta.}
p093c2-b10/ p068-072
• चातक [ kâtaka ]
- m., î, f. kind of cuckoo (supposed to live on drops of rain only).
72)
p093c2-b11/ p068-071
• चातन [ kât-ana ]
- cs. a. driving away (--°).
71)
p093c2-b12/ p068-070
• चातुर [ kâtura ]
- a. flattering; guiding, ruling; î, f. cleverness, dexterity; charm.
70)
p093c2-b13/ p068-069
• चातुर्थ [ kâturtha ]
- a. discussed in the fourth (chapter): -ka, a. occurring every fourth
day
(fever); -‿ahnika, a. belonging to the fourth day.
69)
p093c2-b14/ p068-068
• चातुर्धाकारणिक [
kâturdhâ-kâranika ]
- a. divided into four parts.
68)
p093c2-b15/ p068-067
• चातुर्मासी [ kâtur-mâsî ]
- f. day of full moon at the four-monthly sacrifices; -mâsyá, n. period
of four
months; sacrifice to be offered every four months (at the beginning of the three
seasons).
67)
p093c2-b16/ p068-066
• चातुर्य [ kâtur-ya ]
- n. skill, dexterity; charm.
66)
p093c2-b17/ p068-065
• चातुर्वर्ण्य [
kâtur-varn-ya ]
- n. the four castes; -vimsika, a. belonging to the 24th day;
-vidya,
a.
versed in the four Vedas; n. the four Vedas; -vaidya, a. versed in the four
Vedas; -hotra, a.
performed by the four principal priests; n. sacrifice performed by the four
principal priests.
65)
p093c2-b18/ p068-064
• चातुष्पथ [ kâtush-patha ]
- a. being at a place where four roads meet; -prâsyá, a. sufficient to
feed four.
64)
p093c2-b19/ p068-093
• चात्त्र [ kât-tra ]
- n. spindle (esp. that in which is fixed the drill (pramantha) for
producing the sacred fire by means of a cord wound round it and rapidly worked
backwards and forwards).
93)
p093c2-b20/ p068-148
• चात्वाल [ kãtvâla ]
- m. n. trench supplying the earth for the northern altar: -vat,
a. in
which (sacrifice) a kâtvâla is dug.
148)
{sa-na.}
p093c2-b21
• [ k-âna-s ]
- the pt. suffix -âna
p093c2-b22/ p068-207
• चान्दन [ kândana ]
- a. (î) made of sandal-wood.
207)
p093c2-b23/ p068-137
• चान्द्र [ kândra ]
- a. (î) lunar; -ka, -ma, -masá, (î)
a. id.; -vratika, a. having the
character of the moon.
137)
p093c2-b24/ p068-091
• चान्द्रायण [ kândra‿ayana ]
- m. observer of the moon's course; n. moon-course penance in which the
number of mouthfuls eaten decreases by one daily from fifteen at full moon to
none at new moon, after which it increases similarly (it may begin either at new
or at full moon): -vrata, n. id.
91)
{sa-pa.}
p093c2-b25/ p068-090
• चाप [ kâp-a ]
- m. n. bow (weapon): -guna, m. bowstring; -yashti,
f. id.
90)
p093c2-b26/ p068-089
• चापल [ kâpal-a ]
- n. speed; unsteadiness, inconstancy, frivolity, rashness, indiscretion
(with regard to, --°); -ya, n. id.
89)
p093c3-b00/ p068-088
• चापलता [ kâpa-latâ ]
- f. bowstring; -lekhâ, f. N.; -veda, m. archery;
-‿adhiropana, n.
stringing or drawing a bow; -‿âropana, n. id.
88)
p093c3-b01/ p068-087
• चापिन् [ kâp-in ]
- a. armed with a bow.
87)
{sa-ma.}
p093c3-b02
• चामर [ kâmara ]
- a. relating to the yak (Bos grunniens); n. tail of the yak, used as a
fly-whisk, also as an ornament on the heads of horses and elephants; one of the
insignia of royalty: -grâhinî, f. female whisk-bearer.
86)
UKT 141021: Yak-tail whisk is one of the ensign of royalty of Myanmar kings.
See ककुद [kakuda] = क क ु द : no viram at end
Skt: -- n. (m.) id. -- Mac060-3
Pal:{ka.ku.Da.} -- UHS-PMD0275
p093c3-b03
• चामीकर [ kâmî-kara ]
- n. gold: -maya, a. (î) golden, -‿akala,
m. ep. of Meru, -‿adri, m. id.
85)
p093c3-b04
• चामीकरीय [ kâmîkar-îya ]
- a. golden.
84)
p093c3-b05
• चामुण्ड [ kâmundá ]
- m. N. of an author; â, f. a form of Durgâ.
83)
p093c3-b06
• चाम्पेय [ kâmp-eya ]
- m. prince of Kampâ.
82)
{sa-ya.}
p093c3-b07/ not online
• चाय् [ kây ]
- i. kâya , be shy (of, ac.) : â , be reverent; perceive,
recognise. ni , worship; perceive
• चायति «cayati»
-->
{sa-ya.ti.}
Skt: चायति «cayati» - v. be loosened, perceived, behaved respectfully, be
afraid of -- SpkSkt
BPal:
{sa-ya.ti.}
-- UHS-PMD0388
UKT from UHS: worshipped, analysed
p093c3-b08
• चायनीय [ kây-anîya ]
- fp. perceptible.
81)
{sa-ra.}
p093c3-b09
• चार [ kâr-a ]
- m. spy; motion, course; action, behaviour; occupation as (--°):
-ka, a. acting, proceeding (--°); m. spy; prison; -kakshus,
n. spy for an
eye; a. using spies for eyes.
109)
p093c3-b10
• चारण [ kârana ]
- a. connected with the school; belonging to the same school; m.
strolling player; celestial musician; spy; cattle-driving: -tva, n. condition of
a strolling player; -‿ekamaya, a. (î) consisting of strolling players only.
108)
p093c3-b11
• चारपुरुष [ kâra-purusha ]
- m. spy; -bhata, m. soldier; -‿adhikârin, m. spy.
107)
p093c3-b12
• चारिका [ kâr-ikâ ]
- f. servant-girl (--°).
106)
p093c3-b13
• चारितार्थ्य [
kâritârth-ya ]
- n. attainment of one's object.
105)
p093c3-b14
• चारित्र [ kâritra ]
- n. course of action, behaviour, good conduct, virtue.
104)
p093c3-b15
• चारित्रिन् [ kâritr-in ]
- a. well-conducted; -ya, n. = kâritra.
103)
p093c3-b16
• चारिन् [ kâr-in ]
- a. movable; --°, moving, going, roaming, abiding or living, in;
acting, performing; m. foot-soldier; spy.
102)
p093c3-b17
• चारु [ kãr-u ]
= च ा र ु
- a. agreeable, welcome, pleasing; dear; fair, lovely: n. ad.: -gîti,
f.
a metre; -tâ, f. popularity; beauty; -datta, m. N. of a Brâhman;
-danta, m. N.
of a merchant's son; -darsanâ, f. fair woman; -netra, a. fair-eyed;
-mati, m. N.
of a parrot; -rûpa, a. of fair form; -lokana, a. fair-eyed;
-venî, f. fair
braid, N. of a river; -sabda-bhaṅga-vat, a. rich in lovely faltering and in
charming expressions (speech); -hâsin, a. laughing sweetly: -î,
f. a metre.
101)
p093c3-b18
• चारेक्षण [ kâra‿îkshana ]
- a. hvg. spies for eyes.
100)
p093c3-b19
• चार्चिक्य [ *kârkik-ya ]
- n. anointing the body.
99)
p093c3-b20
• चार्मिक [ kârm-ika ]
- a. leathern.
98)
p093c3-b21
• चार्य [ kâr-ya ]
- m. son of an outcast Vaisya; n. spying.
97)
p093c3-b22
• चार्वाक [ kârvâka ]
- m. N. of a materialistic and heterodox philosopher; materialist.
96)
{sa-la.}
p093c3-b23
• चाल [ kâl-a ]
- m. shaking, looseness (of the teeth); -aka, m. obstinate person;
-ana,
n. moving, wagging, motion, shaking; loosening: î, f. sieve; strainer;
-ya, fp.
to be moved; to be diverted.
95)
p093c3-b24
• चाष [ kãsha ]
- m. blue jay (Coracias indica).|
94)
{si.} चि
p093c3-b25
• चि [1. KI] , V. ,
चिनो [ ki-nó]
- arrange, pile; build up. esp, the sacrificial altar (P. if done by
the priest, Â. by the sacrificer himself); gather, collect; acquire,
gain; bestrew, cover with (in.): pp. kita, covered, strewed, or
studded with (in., -°); ps. increase, thrive; des. kikîsha, wish to accumulate
or acquire, anu, pp. beset all along with branches (in.).
p093c3-b25/cut#1
apa, gather; ps. diminish, grow less, lose (ab.): pp. attenuated, thin, ava, gather (*from, 2 ac.). â, heap up, accumulate; cover or load with (in.): pp. covered, bestrewn; studded or laden with (in., -°).
p093c3-b25/cut#2
sam-â, gather together, heap up; cover, load, ud, gather. abhi‿ud, comprehend in (lc.); go on to discuss. sam-ud, arrange; add; gather. upa heap up, accumulate; augment; ps. grow, increase; be enriched, profit; pp. increased, enlarged, augmented; abundant; stout; prosperous; covered, loaded or provided with (in., -°)
p093c3-b25/cut#3
sam-upa, heap up, collect; ps. increase; grow up: pp. abundant. ni, pp. heaped up; erected; covered, studded, or filled with (in., -°).
p093c3-b25/cut#4
pari, pile up; collected scquire ; ps.grow, in crease; pp. gained, acquired; fill with (in.). pra, gather; ps. increase: pp covered or filled with (in., -°); vi, pick out, select, cull; divide; part (hair); distribute (booty). sam, pile up, arrange; collect, accumulate, acquire; pp. filled or provided with (-°).
© pp. ,
Skt: [ kita ] pp. covered, strewed, or
studded with (in., -°); ps. increase, thrive; - Mac093c3
Skt: चित « cita » - adj. heaped, piled up; gained - Spk Skt
-- UKT 141019: Chanakya is known as the "Hindu Machiavelli" or "Machiavelli of the East". He is known as the {za.na.ka. poaN~Na:} and is much hated by the Myanmar dramatists.
UKT 141019, 180530 : Back in 1952, when I boasted to my father, U Tun Pe, that I have become "good" in English as a language, he threw his personal copy of Macaulay's "Historical Essays", and challenged me to read. It was the Essays on Frederick the Great and Machiavelli, that ended my boastings. At this age after more than 80 years, I am still finding that I still have to improve my English! See downloaded Machiavelli's The Prince in TIL HD-PDF and SD-PDF libraries
- NMachiavelli-ThePrince<Ô> / Bkp<Ô> (link chk 170720)
"Let your Magnificence, then, accept this little gift in the spirit in which I offer it; wherein, if you diligently read and study it, you will recognize my extreme desire that you should attain to that eminence which Fortune and your own merits promise you. Should you from the height of your greatness some time turn your eyes to these humble regions, you will become aware how undeservedly I have to endure the keen and unremitting malignity of Fortune." 4
Niccolo Machiavelli
The love-hate relation between the
ordinary Bur-Myan and Brahmina-Poannar
{poaN~Na:}
{poaN~Na:} is portrayed in traditional
native plays. The Poannar
{poaN~Na:}
{poaN~Na:} are mostly from Manipur where there are two kinds of speakers:
Bishnupriya (IE) speakers those who claimed themselves the original Indo-Aryans
speakers, and the majority known as Meitei (Tib-Bur) speakers.
I came to know of two languages of Manipur after reading The Bishnupriya Manipuri Language, by Ashim Kumar Singha, 2001. I have lost the original article, and even the title given above may not be correct. What I could get from the internet is: http://manipuri.freeservers.com/bpm.html 141020
Those who were honoured by the Myanmar kings were presumably the Bishnupriyas. According to my late friend Saya Kalasan of Yangon, there are almost no Bishnupriya in Yangon. Saya Kalasan himself was a noted Manipuri-ethnic Astronomer-Astrologer whose ancestors have been living in Myanmarpré since the days of the Burmese kings. Saya Kalasan was a Meitei. The above article by Ashim Kumar Singha is very instructive in comparing the Bishnupriya to Sanskrit & Meitei. The official language of Manipur is now Meitei, and Bishnupriya has become an endangered language.
The Poannar is always portrayed in Myanmarpré as
learned, cleaver, but never-to-be
trusted. The Poannars have come to be
admired but hated due to two individuals who
featured prominently in our Buddhist
culture. One is Chanakaya known in
Bur-Myan as
{za.na.ka. poaN~Na:} (sp?) minister of King Chandragupta, and the
other Vassakara
{wi.þa-ka.ra. poaN~Na:}
(sp?) of King Ajatashatru.
From Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanakya 120216
Chānakya (Skt: चाणक्य Cāṇakya) (c. 370–283 BCE) was a teacher to the first Maurya Emperor Chandragupta (c. 340–293 BCE) - the first emperor in the archaeologically recorded history to rule the complete Indian Subcontinent. [UKT ¶]
Chanakya is generally considered to be the architect of Chandragupta's rise to power at a young age. Traditionally, he is also identified by the names Kautilya and Vishnu Gupta, who authored the ancient Indian political treatise called Arthaśāstra. [1] Chanakya is considered as the pioneer of the field of economics and political science and his work is thought of as an important precursor to Classical Economics. [2] [3] [4] [5] In the Western world, he has been referred to as The Hindu Machiavelli, although Chanakya's works predate Machiavelli's by about 1,800 years. Chanakya was a teacher in Takṣaśila, an ancient centre of learning, and was responsible for the creation of Mauryan empire, the first of its kind on the Indian subcontinent. His works were lost near the end of the Gupta dynasty and not rediscovered until 1915. [6]
UKT: More in the Wikipedia article.
Go back to Chanakya-note-b
-- UKT 141021
Skt-Dev word चला
«calā» is obviously related to
चल «cala» 'fickleness".
See p093c1-b09. From which we can
see how चला «calā»
came to be identified as a goddess of
fortune, because "fortune" can
be so unpredictable as the outcome of
gambling. Note: the opposite of «acala»
'immoveable'
• अचल a-cala
Skt: अचल [a-kala]
- a. immovable; m. mountain.
-- Mac004c3
Pal:
{a.sa.la.} - UHS-PMD0013
UKT from UHS: mfn. immovable.
m. mountain
The Hindus worship Apsaras who are
considered to be goddesses of fortune.
See:
HYMNS OF THE ATHARVA-VEDA, translated
by Maurice Bloomfield, Sacred Books of
the East, volume 42, 1897.
http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/av.htm 141020
"IV, 38. A. Prayer for success
in gambling.
1. The successful, victorious,
skilfully gaming Apsarâ, that Apsarâ who
makes the winnings in the game of dice,
do I call hither.
2. The skilfully gaming Apsarâ
who sweeps and heaps up (the stakes),
that Apsarâ who takes the winnings in
the game of dice, do I call hither.
3. May she, who dances about with
the dice, when she takes the stakes
from the game of dice, when she desires
to win for us, obtain the advantage
by (her) magic! May she come to us full
of abundance! Let them not win this
wealth of ours!
4. The (Apsarâs) who rejoice in
dice, who carry grief and wrath-tbat
joyful and exulting Apsarâ, do I call
hither."
Go back Goddess-Fortune-note-b
- UKT 170721:
There are more than one person named "Manu". The Manu in this eon is the 7th - Vaivasvata
- the Law Giver, the son of the Sun. I can no longer trace from where - or from
which version of J. Garrett, that I got the following excerpt:
"Manu - The head of ruler of an extensive period of time, termed a
Manwantara. Each Kalpa, or creation of the world, is divided into 14
Manwantaras or intervals, over which a Manu presides. Six of these periods
have passed;
- the first Manu was Swáyambhuva;
- the second Swarochisa,
- the
third Auttami;
- the fourth Tamasa;
- the fifth Raivata;
- the sixth Chakshusha;
- the seventh Vaivasvata [UKT ¶]
The first 6 Manus have passed away; the Manu who presides over the seventh, which is the present period, is Vaivasvata, the son of the Sun, the wise lord of obsequies [funeral rite or ceremony]. ..." -- from: A Classical Dictionary of India, by John Garrett, ca. 1871.
The following excerpt is from A Classical Dictionary of India, pp.742,
pdf.760/818.
p383, pdf.401/818:
by John Garrett, 1871
See downloaded txt in TIL HD-PDF and SD-PDF libraries:
- JGarrett-ClassicDictIndiaPP793<Ô> /
Bkp<Ô> (link
chk 180530)
"Manu - The great Hindu law-giver who lived about 800 B.C. The institutes of
Manu, or code of laws still extant, is attributed to Swayambhuva the first Manu.
The Manu of of the present period is sometimes considered the author of the
Dharmashastra, the code which bears his name. "The name belongs to the Epic and
Puranic periods. In the former we may trace in it the remains of the tradition
of a first man, alike progenitor, or even creator, like Prometheus, of his
descendants, and law-giver. We should conceive its historical value to be the
allusion to some legendary personage, such as every nation can boast of, who
first wakes his country-men from barbarism and a wild life, to the light of
civilization and government." Thomson. Manu was "a legislator and saint,
a son of Brahmá, or a personification of Brahmá himself, the creator of the
world and progenitor of mankind. Derived from the root man to think, the
word means originally man , the thinker, and is found in this sense in
the Rig Veda.
"Manu as a legislator is identified with the Cretan Minos ; as progenitor of mankind with the German Maunus : 'Celebrant carminibus antiquis, quod unum upud illos menoriæ et annualium genus est, Tuiscounem deum terra editum, et filium Maunnum origiuem gentis conditoresque. Tacitus , Germania, Cap.II." -- Griffiths."
Manu - ¹. The name, according to the Bhágavata of one of the eleven Rudras; ². A sage, the son of Krisáswa and Dhishana.
I have also downloaded the Supplement to A Classical Dictionary of
India . It is in TIL HD-PDF and SD-PDF libraries
- JGarrett-ClassicDictIndiaSuppli<Ô> /
Bkp<Ô> (link chk
180530)
UKT 170720: The Supplement does not list Manu.
Go back Manu-Garrette-note-b
UKT 170720:
The only way to differentiate Palatal-stop
and the Dental-fricative is to
differentiate them in the coda. Even then,
I still have to throw in the usual English
transcription of c for the Palatal-coda.
Now, I have:
Palatal-plosive stop च : --
Dental-fricative hisser ष :
IAST and IPA transliterations are misleading, because Palatals in IE languages, English and Sanskrit are not plosive-stops: they are Palatal-affricates. On the other hand, Bur-Myan is Tib-Bur. When I include Mon-Myan, I found, in spite of it being Aus-Asi it uses Palatal-affricates. Romabama transcription is not applicable to Mon-Myan. It shows that it is only scripts that can overcome the Curse of Tower of Babel. Use only Romabama transliteration.
Skt-Dev solved the problem of Palatal-stop and Dental-fricative by inventing a new glyph, which I cannot do, because it would play havoc in inter-transcribing between Bur-Myan and Eng-Lat.
Skt-Dev: -- प + diagonal --> ष
Skt-Myan:+ dot -->
: see UHS PMD intro-page
{za.}
Go back PalatalStop-DentalFricative-note-b
-- UKT 141019, 170721
Downloaded txt of a part of Bhagavatum is TIL HD-PDF and SD-PDF libraries:
- Prabhupada-BhagavatumCanto10Pt1<Ô> / Bkp<Ô> (link chk 170721)
This is a Purāna or old text,
known in Bur-Myan as
{pu.raaN kyûm:} (UTM-PDMD172) which
are the handiworks of Brahmina Poannars
{poaN~Na:}, who have a habit of twisting
facts again and again to suit their own
aggrandizement.
By making themselves
into the First Caste, they make sure
that everyone else from king to commoner of
the 3 other castes support them for
life!
From Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhagavata_Purana 120216
The Bhāgavata Purāṇa (Skt: भागवतपुराण) , aka Śrīmad Bhāgavatam, or Bhāgavata ) is one of the "Maha" Puranic texts of Hindu literature, with its primary focus on bhakti (devotion) to the incarnations of Vishnu, particularly Krishna. [1] [UKT ¶]
UKT 141019: "Krishna" is Krishna Vasudéva, the human king deified into a déva. He was the originator Bhagavagita - the esteemed Hindu philosophy. If he was indeed a historical person, as Gautama Buddha was, he is to be regarded as one of the greatest Indian philosophers. On the other hand Vishnu - the déva-god - is just a figment of imagination, an axiom among many axioms of the various religionists. To portray King Krishna as an incarnation of Vishnu is a disservice to one of the greatest philosophers.
The Sanskrit text comprises twelve skandas (cantos or books) and some 18,000 verses. [2] The Bhāgavata includes many stories well known in Hindu tradition, including the various avatars of [Déva-god] Vishnu and the life of Krishna. It was the first Purana to be translated into a European language, with three French translations between 1840 and 1857. [1]
UKT: The insert shows the wrestling match and the killing of Camsa. -- From http://bhagavata.org/canto10/chapter44.html 120216
Like all Puranas, the Bhāgavata is a product of oral tradition, its extant version usually dated to the ninth or tenth century CE. [1] [3] The text itself credits Veda Vyasa with its authorship.
The intense and personal bhakti described in the Bhāgavata is directed toward Krishna as God in human form. The tenth book (or canto), which is dedicated to Krishna, takes up about one quarter of the entire Bhāgavata. [1] It includes the most comprehensive collection of stories about the life of Krishna, showing him in all the stages and conditions of human life. It also includes instruction in the practice of bhakti, an analysis of bhakti, and descriptions of the different types of bhakti. [4]
The Bhāgavata takes the form of a story recounting Vyasa's work being recited for the first time by his son Śuka to the dying King Parikshit, who owes his life to Krishna. Longing to hear of Krishna before he dies, Śuka recites the Bhāgavata to Parikshit over the course of seven days. [5]
UKT: More in the Wikipedia article
Go back Srimad-Bhagavatam-note-b
End of TIL file