p071-1.htm
• A Practical Sanskrikt Dictionary,
by A. A. Macdonell, 1893,
http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MDScan/index.php?sfx=jpg;
1929.
-
Nataraj ed., 1st in 2006, 2012.
-
https://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/macdonell/ 190516
• The Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Grammar and
Dictionary, BHS, vol.2, by F. Edgerton,
pp. 627.
-
FEdgerton-BHSD<Ô> /
Bkp<Ô> (link chk 180627)
• The Student's Pali English dictionary ,
by U Pe Maung Tin, 1920.
- (ref: UPMT-PEDxxx).
Downloaded copies in TIL
HD-PDF and SD-PDF libraries:
-
UPMT-PaliDict1920<Ô> /
bkp<Ô> (link chk 190113)
• Pali-Myanmar Dictionary
(in Pal-Myan), by U Hoke Sein,
- (ref: UHS-PMD). The dictionary in printed form is in TIL Research Library.
• Latin-English Vocabulary II, by Hans H Ørberg, 1998
-
HHOrberg-LinguaLatina<Ô> /
Bkp<Ô> (link
chk 190624)
Edited by U Kyaw Tun (UKT) (M.S., I.P.S.T., USA),
Daw Khin Wutyi, Daw Thuzar Myint, Daw Zinthiri Han
and staff of Tun Institute of Learning (TIL).
Not for sale. No copyright. Free for everyone.
Prepared for students and staff of TIL
Research Station, Yangon, MYANMAR
-
http://www.tuninst.net ,
www.romabama.blogspot.com
MC-indx.htm |
Top
MCpp-indx.htm
Contn. of 2nd phoneme as approximant
{ku.la.}
कुल : cont
p071c1
{ku.la} कुला
{ku.li.} कुलि
{ku.li} कुली
{ku.lau:} कुलो
{kul} /
{kul~}: lepha aka super-L
{ku.wa.} कुव /
{kuw}
p071c2
{ku.sha.} on next page
UKT notes :
• Diamond Sutra - a Mahayana Buddhist text
• Funerary art
• Orbis terrarum:
King Burengnong of Hongsawadee
• Usuary
{ku.la.} कुल : contd.
• p071c1-b01/uchg p055-
कुलयोषित्् [ kula-yoshit ]
- f. virtuous woman;
-râgadhânî, f. royal capital;
-vat, a. of noble
race; -vardhana, m. support of a family;
-vidyâ, f. knowledge hereditary in the
family;
-vrata, n. family practice (religious or moral):
-dhara,
a. maintaining
the family virtue;
-sîla-vayo-vritta-vitta-vat, a. of good family, character,
age, conduct, and means;
-sikharin, m., -saila, m.=
kula-parvata;
-saṅkhyâ,
f. being accounted of good family;
-samgata, m. acquaintance of the family;
-samtati,
f. progeny;
-samnidhi, m. presence of many persons:
lc. in the presence of
witnesses;
-samudbhava, a. sprung of a noble house; -sevaka,
m. excellent
servant;
-stamba, m. family like a bunch of grass;
-strî,
f. virtuous woman; -sthiti,
f. family usage;
-hîna, pp. of ignoble race.
{ku.la} कुला
• p071c1-b02/uchg p055-
• कुलाङ्कुर [ kula‿aṅkura ]
- m. scion of a family;
-‿aṅgâra, m. firebrand = destroyer of his own family;
-‿akala, -‿adri, m. chief mtn. or mtn. range;
-‿anuguna-vat, a.
having merits corresponding to his race;
-‿anta-karana, a.
destroying a race;
-‿anvaya,
m. noble descent;
-‿anvita, pp. of noble race;
-‿âpîda,
m. ornament of the family.
• p071c1-b03/uchg p055-
कुलाय [ kulãy-a ]
- m. n. web, tissue; nest; lair; dwelling;
-ín, a. nest-like.
• p071c1-b04/uchg p055-
कुलाल [ kúlâla ]
- m. potter;
î, f. wife of a potter.
{ku.li.} कुलिp071c1-b05/uchg p055-
• कुलिक [ kul-ika ]
- m. relation.
174)
p071c1-b06/uchg p055-
• कुलिङ्ग [ ku-liṅga ]
- m. kind of mouse; N. of various birds.
173)
p071c1-b07/ not online
• कुलिज [kuliga]
- n. a measure of capacity
p071c1-b08/uchg p055-
• कुलिश [ kú-lisa ]
- m. axe; n. thunderbolt; diamond: -tâ, f. state of a thunderbolt;
-dhara,
-pâni, -bhrit, m. ep. of Indra.
200)
© • कुलिश
[kú-lisa]
Skt:- m. axe; n. thunderbolt;
diamond: -- Mac071c1
BPal: 
{ku.li.þa.} - UHS-PMD0330
- 
UKT from UHS: n. weapon carried by
Indra (MLC-MED2006-471), thunder bolt.
See in my notes on
Diamond Sutra - the
most important Mahayana Buddhist text.
{ku.li} कुली
• p071c1-b09/uchg p055-
कुलीन [ kul-îna ]
- a. noble (of race and character); belonging
to the race of (--°):
-tva, n. noble
birth;
-îya, a. belonging to the family
of (--°).
• p071c1-b10/uchg p055-
कुलीर [ kulîra ]
- m. crab;
-ka, m. little crab.
• p071c1-b11/ not online
[kulûta]
- m. pl. N. of a people
{ku.lau:} कुलो
• p071c1-b12/uchg p055-
कुलोद्गत [ kula‿udgata ]
- pp. coming of a noble stock;
-‿udvaha, a. continuing the race of,
descended from (g., --°).
{kul} /
{kul~}: lepha aka super-L UKT 140326, ... , 190117, 200303: It is deemed necessary to have a counterpart to Repha
{kur~} to take care of the R-coloration. Its counterpart would be
{bo~l} /boːl/ (MLC MED-2006-315), pronounced as /
{bo}/.
• p071c1-b13/uchg p055-
कुल्माष
[ kulmâsha ]
- m. sour gruel.
For more Indian foods - Traditional Ayurvedic foods, by P. Sarkar et al., 2015 see downloaded text in TIL HD-PDF and SD-PDF libraries
- PSarkarEtAl-TradAyurvedFood<Ô> / Bkp<Ô> (link chk 200303)
"Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia),{krak-hín:hka:} Hindi: करेला «karelā» is a vegetable having medicinal properties. Bitter gourd possess antidiabetic activity due to the presence of chrantin, vicine and polypeptide-p [62]. The juice of bitter gourd pulp enhances glucose tolerance in diabetic patients [63]."
See also: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Momordica_charantia 2003603
• p071c1-b14/uchg p055-
कुल्य [ ¹. kul-ya ]
- a. referring or belonging to a family.
• p071c1-b15/uchg p055-
कुल्य [ ². kulya ]
- n. receptacle for the bones of a cremated corpse.
UKT 140312: I would translate the above as "a family urn", because of the prefix
• p071c1-b16/uchg p055-
कुल्या [ kulyã ]
- f. rivulet, canal.
• p071c1-b17/uchg p055-
कुल्याय [ kulyâ-ya ]
- den. Â. become a rivulet.
• p071c1-b18/ not online
[kullûka]
- m. N. of a commentator on Manu, who
probably lived in the 16th century.
( end of old p071-1.htm )
{ku.wa.} कुव /
{kuw}UKT 200303: Though codas /r/ & /l/ as
{kur} and
• p071c1-b19/ not online
कुवणिञ्
[ku-vanig ]
= क ु व ण ि ञ ्
- m. a rogue of a merchant
• p071c1-b20/uchg p055-
कुवधू [ ku-vadhû ]
- f. wicked woman;
-vartman,
© कुवर्त्मन् «kuvartman»
Skt: [ -vartman ] - n. wrong road, heresy -- Mac071c1
Skt: कुवर्त्मन् «kuvartman»
- n. "a bad road", bad doctrine --
SktDict: Monier-Williams
UKT 200303: BEPS interpretations are not "surface interpretations": I've to look (to the best of my ability), deep down into culture and usage. For, example, the English words Right View vs. Wrong View, are not suitable. I would use the word Appropriate View - to reflect on the Middle Path of Buddhism. What is "Right view" to a Buddhist is the "Wrong view" to a Hindu.
• p071c1-b21/uchg p055-
कुवल [ ku-vala ]
- a tree; n. its fruit; water-lily.
• p071c1-b22/uchg p055-
कुवलय [ ¹. ku-valaya ]
- n. terrestrial orb, orbis terrarum.
See my note on the orbis terrarum : 'the world, the Earth'
• p071c1-b23/uchg p055-
कुवलय [ ². ku-vala-ya ]
- n. blue lotus (which opens at night):
-dris, -nayanâ, f. lotus-eyed
woman;
-mâlâ, f. N. of a mare;
-vatî, f. N. of a princess.
UKT 140313, 170320: Water-lilies
{kra} are of two kinds: those that open during day, and those that open during night. However, we find in Bur-Myan literature five kinds of water-lilies listed in: Burmese-Myanmar Buddhist (Bambi Index) - BMBI-indx.htm (link chk 170321)
Group of Five: 1. white lotus, 2. red lotus, 3. blue lotus, 4.{kra-tûn-hsaip}, 5.
{kra-hkaún:laún:}
• p071c1-b24/uchg p055-
कुवलयादित्य
[ kuvalaya‿âditya ]
- m. N. of a king;
-‿ânanda,
m. T. of a rhetorical work;
-‿âpîda,
m. N. of a Daitya changed into an elephant;
N. of a king;
-‿avalî, f. N. of a queen.
• p071c2-b01/uchg p055-
कुवलयित [ kuvalay-ita ]
- pp. adorned with water-lilies.
• p071c2-b02/uchg p055-
कुवलयेश [ kuvalaya‿îsa ]
- m. lord of earth, king:
-tâ, f. dominion.
• p071c2-b03/uchg p055-
कुवस्त्र
[ ku-vastra ]
= क ु व स ् त ् र
- n. bad dress; a. ill-clad:
-tâ, f. abst. ɴ.;
-vâkya, n., -vâk,
f. ill word;
-vâdika,
m. charlatan, quack;
-vâsanâ,
f. wrong notion.
© [ku-vâsanâ ]
- f. wrong notion - Mac071c2
UKT 180101: See my interpretation of Right and Wrong Notion
Note: I used to be an editorial writer of the North Renfrew Times in Canada, and I am no stranger to turning "Right to Wrong", and "Wrong to Right".
• p071c2-b04/uchg p055-
कुविद्् [ kuv-íd ]
- ad. perchance? I wonder?
• p071c2-b05/uchg p055-
कुविन्द kuvinda, ˚क [ -ka ]
- m. wearer.
• p071c2-b06/uchg p055-
कुविवाह [ ku-vivâha ]
- m. low marriage;
-vritti, f. poor maintenance;
-vedhas,
m. evil fate;
-vaidya,
m.
bad physician;
-vyâpâra, m. low occupation.
( end of old p071-2.htm )
UKT 140315, 200303:
I used to ask my co-religionist friends - the Theravadins, why they are against
Mahayana Buddhism. I ask them to read at least one text, such as the Diamond
Sutra, before they come to any conclusion.
What Macdonell has given for • Skt: कुलिश
[kú-lisa] - m. axe; n. thunderbolt;
diamond: -- Mac071c1
and what I've given as its equivalent in
BPal:
{ku.li.þa.}
-
- UHS-PMD0330
have
"diamond" as a meaning. It suggests flashes of light or
lightening, and it reminds me of Mahayana Diamond Sutra
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond_Sutra 140315
Skt: वज्रच्छेदिकाप्रज्ञापारमितासूत्र, «vajracchedikā prajñāpāramitā sūtra»
Note: I'm not referring here to the Tantric or Vajrayana Buddhism,
{waiz~za lûm:síñ} that provided the foundation of Tibetan culture for some twelve hundred years. Vajrayana Buddhism has many elements similar to Myanmar [common to Bamah, Mon, Shan, etc.]
The downloaded papers of Friedrich Max Muller's Sacred Texts Vol49 on Mahayana
Sutras are in TIL HD-PDF and SD-PDF
libraries. We find in Introduction, p.roman12-19, the mention of the Sutra.
On p111-144, we find the translation of text address to the Elder Subhûti,
and the general audience:
- FMaxMuller-SacredTextsVol49<Ô> /
Bkp<Ô>
(link chk 171230)
(Intro p.vi) "At seventy-eight years of age
Buddha is said (fn01) to have composed the Samanta-bhadra-bodhisattva-karyâ-dharmasûtra,
in the city of Vaisâli. At the age of seventy-nine he is supposed to
have ascended to the Trayastrimsa heaven in order to preach to his
mother, and after descending on earth again, he only published two more
Sûtras, the Nirvâna-sûtra and the Sukhâvatî-vyuha. Very soon after he
died.' "
(p.144) "As in the Sky -- 'Stars, darkness, a lamp, a phantom, dew, a
bubble/ A dream, a flash of lightning, and a cloud — thus we should look upon
the world (all that was made). //
Thus he should explain ; therefore it is
said : He should explain.' //"
Go back DiamondSutra-note-b
- UKT 140312
Ancient Pyus of Myanmarpré had used funeral urns to preserve the remains of their dead ones. ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyu-city-states 140312). Modern Theravada Buddhists would sometimes rebury the ashes after cremation in urns. This is especially done to some monks and very aged grandparents and parents.
Excerpt from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funerary_art#Pre-history 140312
In Neolithic and Bronze Age societies ,
a great variety of tombs are found, with
tumulus mounds, megaliths, and pottery
as recurrent elements. [UKT ¶]
UKT 140312: The metal of choice of Ancient Pyus of Myanmarpré was brass, an alloy of copper & zinc, which according to Ancient Jews, brass was a religious metal unlike bronze, the alloy of copper & tin. Bronze according to Jews was a metal of war, and it was forbidden to use bronze at their Altar of Burnt Offering. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altar-Bible 140312). Because of this fact, I would refer to our ancestral Pyus as the people of peace - not of war.
In Eurasia, a dolmen is the exposed stone framework for a chamber tomb originally covered by earth to make a mound which no longer exists. Stones may be carved with geometric patterns (petroglyphs), for example cup and ring marks. Group tombs were made, the social context of which is hard to decipher. Urn burials, where bones are buried in a pottery container, either in a more elaborate tomb, or by themselves, are widespread, by no means restricted to the Urnfield culture which is named after them, or even to Eurasia. Menhirs, or "standing stones", seem often to mark graves or serve as memorials, [13] while the later runestones and image stones often are cenotaphs, or memorials apart from the grave itself; these continue into the Christian period. The Senegambian stone circles are a later African form of tomb markers.[14]
UKT 140322: My mother's father, Zhu Lai Guang (in Pinyin, or, "C." in traditional Chinese use in Burma), was one of the wealthiest Cantonese Chinese at the beginning of the 20th century in southern Burma. Having had an English education, he made his fortune by becoming a building contractor to the British-Burma government.
My mother told me of how her father's body was exhumed three years after his sudden death of plague just as he was turning 40. On opening the coffin, my mother, who was still a child, had a last look at her father's body which was still intact as it was placed in the heavy Chinese coffin 3 years before. Then as the outside air came to act, the body slowly turned to fine powder and only the bones were left. The bones, down to the smallest digits of the fingers and toes were then sifted out of the dust, and cleansed in green-coconut water using small brushes. The bons then became pearly white. Then they were attached to each other with silver-wire. The skeleton was then placed in a sitting position in the burial urn ('che'in' was how my pronounced) with its chin resting on the knees. A small cushion was placed under the pelvic bone so that it looks as if it was sitting. Then the urn was moved into the family horse-shoe tomb.
An article on Chinese burial in Hong Kong by B. D. Wilson, in J. Hong Kong branch of the Royal Asiatic Soc. Vol.1 1961 . http://www.cultus.hk/cemetery_lecture/Wilson.pdf 140312 , p. 120
Downloaded papers in TIL HD-PDF and SD-PDF libraries
- BDWilson-ChineseBurialHongKong<Ô> / Bkp<Ô> (link chk 170320)
"After five years or more, the body is exhumed. The bones will be cleaned by the family and be placed either in a funerary urn kam t'aapor in a formal masonry grave shaan fan
shaped like a horseshoe. In the funerary urn, the bones will be arranged in a manner as if the deceased were sitting in the Buddhist lotus posture."
The whole process was very labour-intensive and very expensive. Only the wealthy could afford it. Unfortunately, because my father was not Chinese, my mother could not visit her father's tomb at Thaton regularly. (I have never been there either.) However she continued the ancestral worship every year at home just outside the building. Her father's tomb was not left unattended, because it was he who had purchased the land and had donated it for use as a Cantonese cemetery, and he was also the permanent member (even after death) of his clan society. His clan society continued to honour him for at least 80 years after his death. My mother would send money now and then to the clan society for repair to the tomb. I am told that his tomb and all others from the cemetery had now been moved.
Go back funerary-note-b
-- UKT 140314, 170320
"The Latin Phrase Orbis Terrarum has many meanings, mainly: the world, the Earth. "
-- http://www.latinwordlist.com/latin-words/orbis-terrarum-21108133.htm 140314
From the Latin phrasal noun, by adding "theatrum", we get 'World Atlas'
From Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatrum_Orbis_Terrarum 140314
Theatrum Orbis Terrarum (pronounced [tʰɛˈaːtrʊm ˈɔrbɪs tɛˈrːaːrʊm], "Theatre of the World") is considered to be the first true modern atlas. Written by Abraham Ortelius, strongly encouraged by Gillis Hooftman [2] and originally printed on May 20, 1570, in Antwerp, [3] it consisted of a collection of uniform map sheets and sustaining text bound to form a book for which copper printing plates were specifically engraved.
The Ortelius atlas is sometimes referred to as the summary of sixteenth-century cartography.
UKT 140314, 170320: My interest is the geographical position of Myanmarpré.
Inset enlarged from the original map. However, for those interested
in history, read: The changing nature of conflict between Burma and Siam as
seen from the growth and development of Burmese states from the 16th to the 19th
centuries , by Pamaree Surakiat, in Asia Research Inst. Working Paper Series
no. 64. Downloaded paper in TIL HD-PDF & SD-PDF libraries:
- ARI-BurmaSiam16-19c<Ô>
/ Bkp<Ô> (link chk
200303)
The timeline in Burma (Myanmarpré) in 1570 AD was during Bayinnaung Empire.
The following timeline is from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Burmese_history 140314.
UKT 140314: this Wiki article did not do justice to King Bayinnaung aka Burengnong of Hanthawaddy aka Hongsawadee with his capital at Pegu. He had probably dreamt of a federation of fraternal kingdoms of South-East Asia.
¤ 1550Apr30 : King Tabinshwehti assassinated by Mons.
¤ 1555Jan22 : Bayinnaung of Taunggo captures Ava, and annexes Upper Burma
¤ 1557Jan-Mar : Bayinnaung annexes cis-Salween Shan States; abolishes
animal sacrifice at Popa Hill and human sacrifice at Shan Hills.
¤ 1558Apr02 : Bayinnaung annexes Lan Na
¤ 1563Mar : Bayinnaung captures farther Shan States (Kentung and Chinese Shan states)
¤ 1564Feb19 : Siam becomes Burmese vassal following the
Burmese-Siamese War (1563-64)
UKT 140314: King Burengnong of Hongsawadee (King Bayinnaung) did not seem to have the ambition of taking over Siam. He brought the royal family to his capital (probably as unwilling invited guests), and adopted the Siamese crown-prince , Prince Naresuan, as his own, and had him trained in the Burmese martial arts together with his own sons, the eldest being Naungdawgyi. When the Siamese prince came of age, Bayinnaung sent back the Siamese prince to Siam to rule it as a sovereign king owning Bayinnaung as his father. The adopted son remained loyal to Bayinnaugn until the father's death (1581Nov10), at which he revolted along with all the sons of Bayinnaung now kings in their own kingdoms. The eldest "brother" Naungdawgyi now as Bayinnaung's heir tried to put down his "younger brother" the Siamese king.
On the last day of battle, the rash young Siamese king found himself mounted on his elephant alone right in the middle of the Burmese camp, and saw his elder brother resting under a tree. The younger brother asked for single combat on elephants from the elder brother, which was graciously granted by the elder. Naungdawgyi could have refused and gave an order to his troops to capture the Siamese king. But being a warrior worthy of his father, King Bayinnaung, he granted single combat.
During the single combat, the younger brother killed the elder brother thereby breaking up what the father Bayinnaung had planned to be a confederation of fraternal kingdoms. It is said, that the Siamese king, with genuine sorrow gave his elder, the Burmese king, a royal funeral. -- I am writing this from memory from reading a historical article written by a modern prince of Thailand. I got the names of Prince Naresuan, Burengnong, Hongsawadee from: http://www.watyaichaimongkol.net/index.php?lite=article&qid=200146 140314
Though King Burengnong of Hongsawadee aka King Bayinnaung, has been portrayed as an expansionist Burmese king, I do not consider him to be such. I regard him as a far sighted statesman, far ahead of his time, with a dream of a confederation of fraternal kingdoms. I now cite Wikipedia on
¤ Lanna Kingdom: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanna 140314
"But the king was captured by Burmese forces in November 1564, and sent to then Burmese capital Pegu. Bayinnaung then made Visuttidevi , a Lan Na royal, the queen regnant of Lan Na." - I see this as the second case of statesmanship of Bayinnaung.
¤ 1569Aug08 : Burmese-Siamese War (1568-69)
restores Burmese rule in Siam after the
Siamese revolted in 1568
¤ Burma conquers Lan Xang
¤ 1584May03 : - Siam declares independence;
Repeated Burmese invasions fail to
re-conquer Siam (1593)
¤ 1593 :
- Lan Xang, Manipur and Lan Na throw off
allegiance to Burmese throne. Siam regains
Tenasserim coast up to Tavoy (to 1594)
¤ 1597 : All regions of the kingdom now in revolt
¤ 1599 : Fall of First Toungoo Empire after Pegu
[UKT: capital of Hanthawaddy kingdom
under King Bayinnaung. The name
"Toungoo Empire is inappropriate.]
sacked by the Arakanese and Toungoo (city)
forces. Siam captures the entire Tenasserim
coast to Martaban. Arakanese capture
delta ports; appoint Portuguese mercenary
de Brito governor of Syriam.
An excerpt from: http://www.watyaichaimongkol.net/index.php?lite=article&qid=200146 140314
King Bayinnaung had the greatest influence on Prince Naresuan’s life and really deserves praise. King Bayinnuang not only clarified the teachings of Sun Tzu’s strategies (The Art of War) in the light of his seemingly limitless learning and wisdom, but also in love and care of young prince as though the crown prince had been his own son. The spirit of a great warrior was gradually implanted in the heart of Prince Naresuan from the age of nine to adulthood. Over many years of heart-felt advice, King Bayinnaung natured those seeds of courage Queen Suriyothai had sowed in Prince Naresuan blossom.
Go back orbis-terra-note-b
UKT
180101:
Being at opposing extreme ends of what is Right vs. Wrong, Buddhism of the Anatta doctrine, and Hinduism of the Atta doctrine hold opposing interpretations. The Eight Noble Path, with the Right View coming first is the Buddhism Way of Life - how to get out of the mire of human existence.
Note: I avoid using the word "Samsara" which is interpreted with diagonally opposite meanings. Ideas can be interpreted in many ways: such as Gautama Buddha - a human of bone and blood - being interpreted as an incarnation of Vishnu-déva. Inset pix shows an interpretation of a school of Hinduism.
To the scientist in me, Buddhism is the Way of Life of uncertainties and miseries, without Axiomatic MahaDev, YHVH, God, Allah, and Mother-goddess Dévi.
With this interpretation -
which is the usual way of presentation by
Theravada Buddhism - turn the wheel in
clock-wise (Right-Hand Path), or in anti-clock-wise (Tantric Path - worship of Mother-goddess Dévi
- the Left-Hand Path), until Right
Livelihood comes to the top or first
position. You'll have either the Right Action or the Right Effort to support
your Right Livelihood. Caution: Since "Right vs. Wrong" can be interpreted with
opposing meanings, I use the word "Appropriate - with regard to customs and
ideas of your neighbours".
For example, if you were born in a fishing village with fishing villages around you, then don't condemn "taking of life". In other words, the Five Precepts with abstinence of taking of life as the most important must be taken (by you) in a light way. Or, move out of the area, cutting off relations with your parents, relatives and friends and live a life of uncertainty as a "refugee" in another place or country.
fac·et - n. ¹. One of the flat polished surfaces cut on a gemstone or occurring naturally on a crystal. - AHTD
mire - n. ¹. An area of wet, soggy, muddy ground; a bog. ². Deep, slimy soil or mud. ³. A disadvantageous or difficult condition or situation: the mire of poverty. - AHTD
Go back Right-Wrong-note-b
UKT 140317, 170322:
Usury is the practice of lending
something, usually money, at unethical
high interest rates. The oldest condemnation
of this practice was found in the
Vedas. There are many tricks used by
the usurers to cover their practice such as
charging compound interest which to
the uninitiated would appear as a very low
interest rate if they were unaware of the
method of compounding. The
Chettiar bankers from southern India
have been accused of using this method on
uneducated Burmese farmers during the
British occupation of the country
because of which they are very much hated
even after many years. See Wikipedia
articles on:
#1.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usury
140317
#2.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chettiar
140317
Go back usury-note-b
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