p087C.htm
by A. A. Macdonell, 1893,
http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MDScan/index.php?sfx=jpg
1929.
Nataraj ed., 1st in 2006, 2012
Edited, with additions from Pali sources, by U Kyaw Tun (UKT) (M.S., I.P.S.T., USA) and staff of Tun Institute of Learning (TIL) . Not for sale. No copyright. Free for everyone. Prepared for students and staff of TIL Research Station, Yangon, MYANMAR : http://www.tuninst.net , www.romabama.blogspot.com
MC-indx.htm |
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MCc1pp-indx.htm
{g~na.}
- an usual conjunct spelled with "hanging"
{na.} from Mon-Myan.
{g~na} : See Mon-Myan for examples where the unusual
conjuncts are tranliterated as disylllable .
p087c3
{g~ma.}
{gra.}** : lightly rhotic as in Pal-Myan
{gra.hta.}
{gra.na.}
{gra.pa.}
{gra.Ba.}
{gra.þa.}
{gra.ha.}
Note: Unusual conjuncts are continued
in next file.
UKT notes :
• Hanging-consonants in Mon-Myan
• Silent Letters in English
• Universal Mother
- the anthropomorphic form of
Atta and Atman
{g~na}
: spelled with "hanging"
{na.} from Mon-Myan.
UKT 140920, 170626: I am finding that unless I refer to Mon-Myan, I would be helpless in writing
{byæÑ:hswè:}. Here the 'hanging akshara' is
{ g~na }
p087c2-b19
• ग्ना
[ gnã ]
= ग ् न ा
- f. divine female, goddess.
UKT 120207, 140920, 170624: Who is this Divine female or goddess? I'am relying on orthography to find out. Skt-Dev ग्ना [ gnã ] = ग ् न ा aks-to-aks to Mon-Myan gives
- Hanging consonants in Mon-Myan
However, be careful of English Silent letters where in «kn» & «gn» sounds k and g are both turned into <kn> --> <n>, and <gn> --> <n>.
See my note on Divine female or goddess, or as I would conjecture
Universal Mother{mèý-tau} the anthropomorphic form of Atta and Atman
{ût~ta.} - the antithesis of
{a.nût~ta.} of Buddhism.
p087c2-b20
• ग्नास्पति [ gnâs-páti ]
: UKT160117
{g~na.}
(male) ?
- m. spouse of a goddess; -pátnî, f. divine consort.
{g~ma.}
p087c3-b00
• ग्मत् [ gm-át ]
- V. pr. pt. of √gam.
p087c3-b01
• ग्मन् [ gm-an ]
- V. 3rd pl. impf. of √gam.
p087c3-b02
• ग्मा [ gmã ]
- f. earth: only ab. g. gmás .
{gra.} : spelled with
{ra.ric} , but pronounced lightly
rhotic.
**Representing as 
{g~ra.} with the
{hswè:byæÑ:} with be confusing in Mon-Myan.
p087c3-b03
• ग्रथ् [ grath ] , ग्रन्थ् [ granth ]
- ix. p. grath-nã , -nî , -n , tie, connect; compose :
pp. grathitá , strung, bound, wreathed, woven; joined ; studded with
( -°) ; intricate (plot). ud , tie up; loosen, untie. vi ,
tie together. sam , id.
{gra.hta.}
p087c3-b04
• ग्रथन [ grath-ana ]
- n. connexion; intricacy: â, f. tying, uniting; -anîya,
fp. to be joined
or united.
p087c3-b05
• ग्रथिन्् [ grath-ín ]
- a. (knotty), unintelligible.
{gra.na.}
p087c3-b06
• ग्रन्थ [ granth-a ]
- m. knot; composition; verse (of 32 syllables); treatise, book; text,
wording; chapter;
-ana, n. connecting, tying.
p087c3-b07
• ग्रन्थि [ granth-í ]
- m. knot; knot in a garment for keeping money, etc.; joint: -ka,
m.
narrator,
rhapsodist; astrologer; -kkhedaka, m. cut-purse.
• ग्रन्थिशमन [ granthi-samana ]
- n. (bringing a garment to an end with a knot =)
money knot. - Mac-orphan
p087c3-b08
• ग्रन्थिन् [ granth-in ]
- a. reading books.
p087c3-b09
• ग्रन्थिपर्णक [ granthi-parnaka ]
- n. (?) kind of fragrant plant; -bheda, m. cut-purse; -mat,
a. tied,
knit, entwined.
p087c3-b10
• ग्रन्थिल [ granthi-la ]
- a. knotty.
{gra.pa.}
p087c3-b11
• ग्रप्स [ grapsa ]
- bunch, bundle
{gra.Ba.}
UKT 160222: cf.
p087c3-b12
• ग्रभ् [ grabh ]
- ix. gribh-nã , v. form of grah (q.v.): pp. gribhîtá
, fruitful (tree). anu , receive kindly. ud , draw out.
pari , clasp. prati , accept; grasp.
p087c3-b13
• ग्रभ [ grábh-a ]
- m. seizure; -î-tri, m. seizer.
{gra.þa.}
p087c3-b14
• ग्रस् [ gras ]
- i. grása , seize with mouth, swallow, devour; eclipse (sun, moon); hush
up (a suit): pp. grasitá , grasta , seized,
possessed, attacked, tormented by ( -°)
p087c3-b15
• ग्रसन
[ gras-ana ]
- n. swallowing; kind of partial
eclipse; jaws; -ishnu , a. wont to swallow, -absorb ; -tri ,
m. swallower, eclipser.
{gra.ha.}
Pal:
{ga.ha.} - UHS PMD0362
UKT from UHS: ¹. house. ². mfn. take, hold, seize. m. astrology planet-god, to take, eclipse of Moon or Sun.UKT 160222: The astrological term
{groh} is the god of the astronomical planet. It is not a déva-god. These planet-gods are all males in Bur-Myan native astrology called Mahaboat
{ma.ha-Boat}, and each has an animal to ride on. Unlike the Hindu-astrological entities they do not seize a person. They can be your guardian (to guard from evil) or your prison-guard (to inflict evil on you).
p087c3-b16
• ग्रह्
[GRAH], IX. grih-nấ, -nī,
-n, size, take (also of leeches), hold, catch, stop; grasp
(-pấnim, the hand in marriage); gain possession of; capture; captivate (the
heart); attack (of disease); eclipse; rob, deprive of; keep, retain;
claim, appropriate; obtain, accept; receive (from ab.); assume, adopt;
acquire; purchase (with in, of price); draw (water); pluck,
gather; put on (clothes); take and place upon (in., lc.); take
upon oneself, undergo; welcome, receive again (a rejected wife); utter,
pronounce; perceive, trace out, understand, hear, see; learn, remember; approve,
like; take to heart, follow; be of opinion, consider; with cs. mg. cause
to take; anyathâ-, mistake; kâryam-, accept a lawsuit;
garbham-, become pregnant by (ab.); paramârthena-, take
in earnest; pp. grihîta, often°-, lit, having a taken-, -taking
with one, bearing, holding; gd. grihitvâ, grihya=with;
pe. be meant by (in.); ca. grahaya, P. cause to seize, take, or grasp
(the hand in amrriage); give in marriage to (2 ac.); cause to be apprehended;
cause to be plundered or taken away; cause to receive, deliver to; ask to take (a
seat); cause to choose (2 ac.); teach, familiarise with (2 ac);
des. gighrikaha, P. Â. be about to seize; desire to grasp or perceive.
anu, rob after-wards; support; approve; treat graciously, wards; support;
approve; treat graciously, favour (with in.); cherish; grace (a seat=deign to be
seated): pp. rendered happy by (in.), spa, take away, sever. abhi, seize;
receive; cs. catch ava, let go, relax; keep back, close; divide (words);
gd, by violence. â, pull, tighten (reins); learn. ud,
raise, hold up; take away; draw (sword); rescue; cs. cause to be
paid; explain, discuss. upa‿ud, raise; open; convey to the mouth. upa,
hold from below, support; obtain, secure; accept; approve. ni, draw to
one; tighten (reins); close (eyes); keep back, restrain; hold
fast; capute, apprehend; imprison; check, subdue, curb; withhold, suppress.
upa-ni, press down upon (lc.); bring near. pari, embrace,
surround; put on (a garment); grasp; hold; gain, secure; accept; retain;
profess (a doctrine); undergo; receive kindly; marry (a woman);
assist; conform to, follow; excel, surpass: pp. united with, furnished
with (in. or _°). pra,stretch forth; hold; grasp; accept;
stop; tighten (reins); keep separate (words in Sandhi); gd.
pra-grihya, taking with one, accompanied by; with. sam-pra,
accept. prati, grasp, take up; take possession of; regain; receive,
accept; receive (hostilely), attach; welcome; marry; hear with pleasure,
take as a good omen; acquiesce in, approve; cs. offer to, present with (2
ac.); des. desire to accept. vi, hold apart; separate; analyse
(compounds); fight with (in. ±saha or sârdham); wage war on (ac.);
vie with, be a match for (sârdham); seize (by, lc.); ca. cause to wage war
against. sam, collect, grasp, take up; contain; curb; govern; unstring (bow);
compel; receive kindly; comprehend; des. wish to marry. upa-sam,
clasp (esp. the feet); apprehend, capture; concilliate, win; des. desire
to clasp the feet of (ac.) saha, take along with one.
- UKT 140920, 170624
According Naing Maung Toe, there are Eleven Hanging-consonants. However the online program SpkAll lists only Eight for students to practise pronunciation. These Hanging-consonants to me are Conjunct-Medial formers .
Conjuncts are disyllabic, whereas Medials are monosyllabic. They are shown
differently in orthography by Rev. Haswell, e.g.
{t~na.}
as t'na .
Note the hangers-on are shown differently in Bur-Myan and
Mon-Myan. See above for Romabama version, which shows hangers-on
{na.},
{ma.}, 
{la.} and
{wa.}:
References
in TIL Libraries:
¤ Basic Mon-Myanmar Language (in Burmese) by Naing Maung Toe, 2007.
-
NaiMgToe-MonMyan<Ô> /
Bkp<Ô> (link chk 170624)
¤ Grammatical notes and Vocabulary
of the Peguan Language,
by J.M. Haswell,
-
JMHaswell-PeguanGrammVocab<Ô> /
bkp<Ô> (link chk 170624)
¤ Mon-Myan Language: Speech and Script (SpkAll)
-
spk-all-indx.htm >
spk-all01.htm >
Lesson 07-61 (link chk 170624)
Eight hangers-on:
{nga.}-coda,
{Ña.}*,
{na.},
{ma.};
-------------------------
{ya.},
{ra.},
{la.},
{wa.} .
* I have observed that if
instead of Paltal-Approximant Nya'gyi
{Ña.},
the Palatal-Plosive-nasal Nya'lé
{ña.}
has been used, it would be more in sync
with Skt-Dev and Eng-Lat.
-
I need to observe more.
170624
Go back Hanging-conson-note-b
- UKT: 120207, 140917, 170624
The pronunciations of <kn> as in <know> /nəʊ/ (US) /noʊ/ and <gn> as in <gnome> /nəʊm/ (US) /noʊm/ are problems in English, which they solve by saying that <k> in <know> and <g> in <gnome> are silent.
Since Bur-Myan and Skt-Dev are phonetic or phonemic, silent letters are not allowed, and I have been wondering how to pronounce them by looking into Skt-Dev pronunciations which can be derived from the orthography.
I am holding the tentative view that
the only way is to insert a schwa
/ə/ in pronunciation after the
"silent letter". These
letters or more precisely
consonant-aksharas are found
in Mon-Myan, where they are known
as Hanging-akshara
{hswè:byæÑ:}. See:
¤ Basic Mon-Myanmar Language
(in Burmese) by Naing Maung Toe, Rangoon,
2007. See downloaded pages in TIL HD-PDF
and SD-PDF libraries -
NaiMgToe-MonMyan<Ô> /
Bkp<Ô> (link chk 170625)
¤ Medial-conjunct formers in
Mon-Myan Language: Speech and Script
-
spk-all-indx.htm >
Lesson 07-61
(link chk 170625)
The following are some of the words that begin with «kn» in Monier-Williams, p318-c1:
¤ knath cl. 1. P. ○thati, to hurt Dhātup. xix, 38 (cf. √krath, klath.)
¤ knas cl. 4. P. ○syati, to be crooked (in mind or body) Dhātup. xxvi, 26
¤ knu or knū, cl. 9. P. Ā. knunāti, ○nīte or knūnāti, ○nīte, to sound Dhātup. xxxi, 10
There are 11 Hanging-akshara
{hswè:byæÑ:} in Mon-Myan, and the hanging
{na.} as you would find in «kn» &
«gn» is one of them. However there is
a change in shape of the glyph and you
would difficulty in identifying them.
Go back Silent-Letters-note-b
- UKT 170624
My father, U Tun Pe, a member of the Theosophy Soc. of Rangoon, before the outbreak of the WWII, had explained to me how Atta (the personal Soul or Self) is related Atman (the Universal Soul or Self). The example he had given of the Atman is a huge bonfire which gives out sparks. The individual (you or I - the essence of being is the personal soul) is an individual spark which has come out of the bonfire. Some sparks will fall back into the bonfire, but some would in turn become huge bonfires themselves.
From: Atman the Higher Self by Blavatsky Theosophy Group UK
https://blavatskytheosophy.com/atman-the-higher-self/ 170625
"The Sanskrit word “Atma” or “Atman” is one of the most important terms in the teachings of Theosophy, not to mention in Hinduism too. The word literally means “Self.” It does not refer to our personal or individual self but to our Higher Self, our Divine Self, which is why it’s always written with a capital ‘S’. Atma, Higher Self, and Spirit are all synonymous terms in the teachings of Theosophy.
"It is also often referred to simply as “The Self,” which is also what it is often called in the Upanishads, the Bhagavad Gita, and the teachings of the Vedanta philosophy of Hinduism in general, which is where this ancient teaching of the Higher Self originates. ..."
UKT 170622: Now refer to
• ग्ना
[ gnã ] = ग ् न ा
- f. divine female, goddess.
- Mac087c2
and also note
{g~na} is transcribed as disyllable /t'na/
in Mon-Myan.
I would venture to say that it
is the Universal Mother
{mèý-tau}, she (may be
he or it) the anthropomorphic
Universal Energy represented by Sun being
worshipped in Gayatri Mantra. Even the
Hindu Trimurti is supposed to have recited
this Mantra. A view I would support,
because the Gayartri Mantra is the oldest
mantra in the Rig Véda, whilst Vishnu-déva
and Shiva-déva are later additions by
Poannars
{poaN~Na:} 'brahmin'. The Universal Mother
doesn't need a husband
ग्नास्पति
[ gnâs-páti ]. It is pathetic to see some
religions could not escape the idea of sex,
and sexual intercourse to get children!
Listen to Gayatri Mantra: -
bk-cndl-gayatri<))
and the Theravada Buddhist equivalent
the Mora Sutta -
bk-cndl-Mingun<))
Go back to
Universal-Mother-note-b /
Atta-Atman-note-b
End of TIL file