An Elementary Pali Course

Atta*: m. soul, self
	SINGULAR	PLURAL
Nom.	attŒ	attŒno
Voc.	atta, attŒ	attŒno
Acc.	attŒnaµ, attaµ	attŒno
Instr.	attena, attanŒ	attanebhi, attanehi
Abl.	attanŒ, attamhŒ, attasmŒ	attanebhi, attanehi
Dat., Gen.	attano	attŒnaµ
Loc.	attani	attanesu
*This noun is sometimes used in the sense of a reflexive pronoun.

RŒja: m. king
	SINGULAR	PLURAL
Nom.	rŒjŒ	rŒjŒno
Voc.	rŒja, rŒjŒ	rŒjŒno
Acc.	rŒjŒnaµ, rŒjaµ	rŒjŒno
Instr.	ra––Œ, rŒjena	rŒjèbhi, rŒjèhi, rŒjebhi, rŒjehi
Abl.	ra––Œ, rŒjamhŒ, rŒjasmŒ	rŒjèbhi, rŒjèhi, rŒjebhi, rŒjehi
Dat., Gen.	ra––o, rŒjino	ra––aµ, rŒjènaµ, rŒjŒnaµ
Loc.	ra––e, rŒjini, rŒjamhi, rŒjasmiµ	rŒjusu, rŒjèsu, rŒjesu

In PŒÂi there are seven conjugations. They differ according to their respective conjugational signs (Vikaraöa) which are added on to the roots before the terminations.

There is no definite rule to indicate to which class of conjugation the roots belong.

The conjugations are as follows:-
Class		Conj. sign	Pres. 3rd
1st	paca - to cook	a	pac + a + ti = pacati
	bhè - to be		bhè + a + ti
			= bhav + a + ti = bhavati

2nd	rudhi - to hinder	µ.....a	ru-µ-dh + a + ti = rundhati
(In this conjugation too the conjugational sign is "a", but "µ" is argumented before the final consonant of the root and is afterwards changed into the nasal of the group-consonant that follows. This rule applies only to the active voice.)
	bhuja - to eat		bhu-–-ja + a + ti = bhu–jati

3rd	divu - to shine	ya	div + ya + ti = divyati
			= dibyati = dibbati
	hŒ - to abandon		hŒ + ya + ti = hŒyati

4th	su - to hear	öu, öŒ, uöŒ	su + öŒ + ti = suºŒti
			also - su + öu + ti = suöoti
	pa + apa - to arrive		pa + apa + uöŒ + ti = pŒpuöŒti

5th	ji - to conquer	nŒ*	ji + nŒ + ti = jinŒti

6th	tanu - to spread	o, yira	tanu + o + ti = tanoti
	kara - to do		kara + o + ti = karoti
			+ yira + ti = kayirati

7th	cura - to steal	e, aya	cura + e + ti = coreti
			cura + aya + ti = corayati

*In the conjugation of the root ki, to buy, which belongs to this class nŒ is changed into öŒ; e.g. ki + öŒ + ti = kiöŒti.

The initial vowel in this class, not followed by a double consonant, undergoes vuddhi substitute, i.e., a, i and u become Œ, e, o respectively.

Words:
Amacca	m.	minister
Attha	m.	matter, good, welfare, meaning
Hi	indec.	indeed
NŒtha	m.	lord, refuge
PŒsŒda	m.	palace
RaÊÊha	n.	country, kingdom, realm
SaökiÂissati	(kilisa with saµ)	is defiled
SiyŒ	3rd pers. singular subjunctive of asa	to be
Ti	indec.	thus. This particle is used in quoting the words of others, at the end of sentences, etc.
Viha––ati	(hana with vi)	perishes
Visujjhati	(sudha with vi)	is purified

1.	"Ayaµ me attano attho."
2.	"Na me so attŒ."
3.	"Bhagavato etaµ* atthaµ ŒroceyyŒma."
4.	"Dhammaµ cara rŒja!"
5.	"AttŒ hi attano nŒtho - Ko hi nŒtho paro siyŒ."
6.	"AttŒnaµ rakkhanto paraµ rakkhati. Paraµ rakkhanto attŒnaµ rakkhati."
7.	At´te pana amhŒkaµ raÊÊhe guöavŒ rŒjŒ ahosi.
8.	Ra––Œ likhitaµ* idaµ lekhanaµ amaccŒ passantu!
9.	PŒpakehi amaccehi ra––o ko attho?
10.	AmhŒkaµ rŒjŒnaµ passituµ puratthimŒya disŒya dve rŒjŒno ŒgatŒ.
11.	RŒjŒ attano mahesiyŒ saddhiµ pŒsŒde vasati.
12.	Catèhi disŒhi cattŒro rŒjŒno ŒgantvŒ Bhagavantaµ vanditvŒ etam'atthaµ pucchiµsu.
13.	"PuttŒ m'atthi dhanaµ m'atthi - Iti bŒlo viha––ati AttŒ hi attano n'atthi - Kuto puttŒ kuto dhanaµ."
14.	"AttanŒ'va kataµ pŒpaµ - attanŒ saökilissati AttanŒ akataµ pŒpaµ - attanŒ'va visujjhati."

1.	l am my own master.
2.	He advised himself.
3.	These presents were sent by the king.
4.	Good or evil is done by oneself.
5.	The ministers taking their own sons went to the palace to see the king.
6.	It is not good for kings to get angry with the people.
7.	Virtuous kings are always respected by all.
8.	He does not know his own good.
9.	Righteous kings do not wish to associate with wicked kings.
10.	By wisdom is one purified.
11.	Ministers obtain wealth by means of kings.
12.	He for his own good associates with kings and ministers.
13.	Some kings perish on account of their greediness towards the countries of others.
14.	The ministers told that matter to the king.
15.	He does not shine like a king.