An Elementary Pali Course
Lesson V
Full Declension of Nouns ending in "a"
| Nara: m. man | ||
| SINGULAR | PLURAL | |
| Nom. | naro | nar |
| a man | men | |
| Voc. | nara, nar | nar |
| O man! | O men! | |
| Acc. | naraµ | nare |
| a man | men | |
| Instr. | narena | narebhi, narehi |
| by or with a man | by or with men | |
| Abl. | nar, naramh, narasm | narebhi, narehi |
| from a man | from men | |
| Dat. | narya, narassa | narnaµ |
| to or for a man | to or for men | |
| Gen. | narassa | narnaµ |
| of a man | of men | |
| Loc. | nare, naramhi, narasmiµ | naresu |
| in or upon a man | in or upon men | |
| Neuter Gender | ||
| Phala: fruit | ||
| SINGULAR | PLURAL | |
| Nom. | phalaµ | phal, phalni |
| Voc. | phala, phal | phal, phalni |
| Acc. | phalaµ | phale, phalni |
| (The rest like the masculine) | ||
| The Cases in PĀi | ||
| PaŹham (1st) | Nominative | |
| īlapana | Vocative | |
| Dutiy (2nd) | Accusative | |
| Tatiy (3rd) | Auxiliary* | |
| Karaöa | Instrumental* | |
| Catutthi (4th) | Dative | |
| Pacam“ (5th) | Ablative | |
| ChaŹŹhi (6th) | Genitive | |
| Sattam“ (7th) | Locative | |
*As Tatiy (Auxiliary) and Karaöa (Instrumental) have the same terminations, only the Instrumental case is given in the declensions.
| Terminations | ||||
| SINGULAR | PLURAL | |||
| m. | n. | m. | n. | |
| Nom. | o | µ | | , ni |
| Voc. | --, | | , ni | |
| Acc. | µ | e | e, ni | |
| Aux. | ena | ebhi, ehi | ||
| Instr. | ena | ebhi, ehi | ||
| Dat. | ya, ssa | naµ | ||
| Abl. | , mh, sm | ebhi, ehi | ||
| Gen. | ssa | naµ | ||
| Loc. | e, mhi, smiµ | esu | ||
The vowels preceding ni, bhi, hi, naµ and su are always long.
| Neuter Substantives: | ||
| B“ja | seed, germ | |
| Bhaöda | goods, article | |
| Ghara | home, house | |
| Khetta | field | |
| Lekhana | letter | |
| Mitta | (m. n.) friend | |
| Mukha | face, mouth | |
| Nagara | city | |
| Pda | (m. n.) foot | |
| P“Źha | chair, bench | |
| Potthaka | book | |
| Puppha | flower | |
| Udaka | water | |
| Vattha | cloth, raiment | |
| Verbs: | |||
| Bhujati | (bhuja) | eats, partakes | |
| Khdati | (khda) | eats, chews | |
| Likhati | (likha) | writes | |
| Nis“dati | (sada with ni) | sits | |
| Pčjeti | (pčja) | offers | |
| Vapati | (vapa) | sows | |
Exercise 5-A
1. Sakuö phalni khdanti.
2. Mayaµ p“Źhesu nis“dma, macesu supma.
3. Nar paöehi
bhaödni kiöanti
4. Phalni rukkhehi patanti.
5. Kassak khettesu b“jni
vapanti.
6. Sabbad mayaµ udakena pde ca mukha* ca
dhovma.
7. Siss cariynaµ lekhanni likhanti.
8. Idni ahaµ mittehi
saddhiµ ghare vasmi.
9. Dso taĀkasmiµ vatthni dhovati.
10. So pupphehi
Buddhaµ pčjeti.
11. Kasm tvaµ hraµ na bhujasi?
12. Ajja siss cariyehi potthakni
uggaöhanti.
13. Maggik mittehi saddhiµ nagaraµ vicaranti.
14. Ahaµ
sabbad rmasm pupphni harmi.
15. Mayaµ nagare gharni passma.
16.
Kassak nagare taĀkasm udakaµ haranti.
17. Drak janakassa p“Źhasmiµ na nis“danti.
18.
Mittaµ cariyassa potthakaµ pčjeti.
19. Tumhe narnaµ vatthni ca bhaödni ca
vikkiötha.
20. cariyassa rme samaö darena narnaµ Buddhassa Dhammaµ
desenti.
*Mukhaµ + ca = mukha ca
Exercise 5-B
1. I am writing a letter to (my) friend.
2. We eat
fruits.
3. We offer flowers to the Buddha everyday.
4. He is not going
home now.
5. You are sowing seeds in the field today.
6. The sons are
washing the father's feet with water.
7. They are partaking food with the
friends in the house.
8. Children's friends are sitting on the benches.
9.
Are you writing letters to the teachers today?
10. I am sending books home
through the servant.
11. I see fruits on the trees in the garden.
12. The
birds eat the seeds in the field.
13. Friends are not going away from the
city today.
14. We are coming from home on foot*.
15. From where do you buy goods
now?
16. Men in the city are giving clothes and medicine to the
sick.
*Use the Instrumental.