An Elementary Pali Course
Lesson IV
A. Declension of Nouns ending in "a" (contd.)
| Nara | ||
| SINGULAR | PLURAL | |
| Locative | nare, naramhi, narasmiµ | naresu |
| in or upon a man | in or upon men | |
| Vocative | nara, nar | nar |
| O man! | O men! | |
| Terminations | ||
| SINGULAR | PLURAL | |
| Locative | e, mhi, smiµ | esu |
| Vocative | a, | |
| Masculine Substantives: | ||
| īksa | sky | |
| Maca | bed | |
| Canda | moon | |
| Sakuöa | bird | |
| Kassaka | farmer | |
| Samudda | sea, ocean | |
| Maccha | fish | |
| Suriya | sun | |
| Magga | way, road | |
| Vöija | merchant | |
| Maggika | traveller | |
| Loka | world, mankind | |
B. Conjugation of Verbs
PRESENT TENSE - ACTIVE VOICE
| 1st Person | 2nd Person | 3rd Person | |
| paca: to cook | |||
| SING. | pacati | pacasi | pacmi |
| PLU. | pacanti | pacatha | pacma |
| su: to hear | |||
| SING. | suöti | suösi | suömi |
| PLU. | suöanti | suötha | suöma |
| disa: to preach | |||
| SING. | deseti | desesi | desemi |
| PLU. | desenti | desetha | desema |
| Verbs: | |||
| K“Āati | (k“Āa) | plays | |
| Uppajjati | (pada with u) | is born | |
| Passati* | (disa) | sees | |
| Vasati | (vasa) | dwells | |
| Supati | (supa) | sleeps | |
| Vicarati | (cara with vi) | wanders, goes about |
*"Passa" is a substitute for "disa".
| Some Indeclinables: | ||
| Ajja | today | |
| ma | yes | |
| Api | also, too | |
| Ca | also, and | |
| Idni | now | |
| Idha | here | |
| Kad | when | |
| Kasm | why | |
| Kuhiµ | where | |
| Kuto | whence | |
| Na | no, not | |
| Puna | again | |
| Sabbad | everyday | |
| Sad | always | |
| Saddhiµ* | with | |
*"Saddhiµ" is used with the "Instrumental" and is placed after the noun; as Narena saddhiµ - with a man.
| Illustrations: | |
| 1. | Mace (loc. s.) supati |
| on the bed he sleeps | |
| 2. | Nar gmesu (loc. pl) vasanti |
| Men in the villages live | |
| 3. | Draka (voc. s.) kuhiµ tvaµ gacchasi? |
| child, where are you going? | |
| 4. | Janaka, ahaµ na gacchmi. |
| father, I am not going. | |
Exercise 4-A
| 1. | Sakuö rukkhesu vasanti. |
| 2. | Kassako mace supati. |
| 3. | Mayaµ magge na k“Āma. |
| 4. | Nar loke uppajjanti. |
| 5. | Maggika, kuhiµ tvaµ gacchasi? |
| 6. | ma sad te na uggaöhanti. |
| 7. | Macch taĀke k“Āanti. |
| 8. | Kuto tvaµ gacchasi? Janaka ahaµ idni rmasm gacchmi. |
| 9. | Kassak sabbad gmesu na vasanti. |
| 10. | Kasm tumhe macesu na supatha? |
| 11. | Mayaµ samaöehi saddhiµ rme vasma. |
| 12. | Macch taĀkesu ca samuddesu ca uppajjanti. |
| 13. | Ahaµ kse suriyaµ passmi, na ca candaµ. |
| 14. | Ajja vöijo paöe vasati. |
| 15. | Kasm tumhe drakehi saddhiµ magge k“Āatha? |
| 16. | ma, idni so* 'pi gacchati, aham** 'pi gacchmi. |
| 17. | Maggik maggesu vicaranti. |
| 18. | Kassak, kad tumhe puna idha gacchatha? |
| 19. | cariya, sabbad mayaµ Buddhaµ vandma. |
| 20. | Vöij maggikehi saddhiµ rathehi gmesu vicaranti. |
*So + api = so 'pi.
**The vowel following a Niggahita is often dropped, and the Niggahita is changed into the nasal of the group consonant that immediately follows; e.g., Ahaµ + api = aham 'pi.
Exercise 4-B
1. He is playing on the road.
2. The farmers live in
the villages.
3. I do not see birds in the sky.
4. The Buddhas are not
born in the world everyday.
5. Travellers, from where are you coming
now?
6. We see fishes in the ponds.
7. O farmers, when do you come here
again?
8. The travellers are wondering in the world.
9. We do not see the
sun and the moon in the sky now.
10. Why do not ascetics live always in the
mountains?
11. Yes, father, we are not playing in the garden today.
12.
Why do not the sick sleep on beds?
13. O merchants, where are you always
wandering?
14. Children, you are always playing with the dogs in the
tank.
15. Teachers and pupils are living in the monastery now.
16. Yes,
they are also going.