• Capparis sepiaria • {hsu:kauk-nak}
• Crataeva nurvala • {hkan°tak}
• Crataeva religiosa • {hkan°tak}
• Gynandropsis pentaphylla • {hin:ga.la}
• Capparaceae spp.
• Crateva spp.
• Gynandropsis spp.
compiled by U Kyaw Tun, U Pe Than, and staff of TIL. Not for sale.
Family: Capparaceae 5
entries
• Capparis sepiaria
• {hsu:kauk-nak}
• Crataeva nurvala • {hkan°tak}
• Crataeva religiosa
• {hkan°tak}
• Gynandropsis pentaphylla
• {hin:ga.la}
• Capparaceae spp.
• Crateva spp.
• Gynandropsis spp.
Main Index of DB | Top
Contents of this page
Ref. Burmese-Myanmar transcript names:
• Agri.Dept.2000 20-505:
{hsu:kauk-nak}
• FAO : NL
• Lè-seik-shin : NL
• KS-TMN : NL
• Nagathein 1-434:
{hsu:kauk-nak}
• UHM : NL
Myanmar-Script Spelling
•
Official Myanmar Dictionaries
{hsu:kauk nak} -
-- TravPo-M-Dict 101
{hsu:kauk nak}
- n. kind of thorny bush, Capparis sepiaris -- Myan-Engl-Dict 132
Hindi :
Sanskrit :
English common name used in Myanmar :
• Agri.Dept.2000 20-505: NG (not given)
• FAO : NL
• Lè-seik-shin : NL
• KS-TMN : NL
• Nagathein 1-434: NG
• UHM : NL
Picture :
• Leader from
http://www.ku.ac.th/AgrInfo/plant/plant2/p27.gif
• leaves and inflorescence:
http://www.botanic-garden.ku.dk/kic/Mpumalanga/image087.htm
• flower pot
www.indianherbals.org/tamil/KARUNCHURAI%20CAPPARIS%20SEPIARIA.jpg
UKT: Because of the paucity of information, the reader should judge
whether the description given by
Nagathein agrees with the appearance of the leaves in the photos.
Plant identification characters
• Nagathein, UKT's free translation.
Description of
{hsu:kauk-nak}:
A climber which usually climbs up the cacti and {hsu:hpru}
which are usually found at the edges of crop-fields of central Myanmar.
The stems are adorned with hard and sharp spikes.
Leaves somewhat round and elongated.
Inflorescence: white clusters.
Fruit: soft, turning black when ripe. The whole plant
including the roots have to be used for medicinal purposes.
Description of
{hsèý-htup-ching:} --
{hsèý-htup-ching:}: a shrub 5 to 6 ft. The leaves are dark green, and round-ish
with an inconspicuous dent at the tips. A leaf is found between two little
thorns. The leaves and the branchlets are covered with fine hairs. Similar in appearance to
{hsu:kauk-nak} except in the shape of leaves. The tip of
{hsu:kauk-nak} leaf is round, whereas that of
{hsu:kauk-nak} (drawing on right) is dented. The plants can only be differentiated
by the difference in leaves, and the bark of the root that you can get at
apothecaries may not be the root of the real plant. The stems are hollow at the
centre which can be found by inserting a small stick.
{hsèý-htup-chin:} does not have such hollow centre.
UKT: Nagathein did not give the botanical name of
Difference between {hsu:kauk-nak} and {hsèý-htup-ching:}:
{hsèý-htup-ching:}: a shrub 5 to 6 ft. The leaves are dark green, and round-ish with an inconspicuous dent at the tips. A leaf is found between two little thorns. The leaves and the branchlets are covered with fine hairs.
{hsu:kauk-nak}: The dents on the leaves of {hsu:kauk-nak} are more conspicuous. The underside of the leaf is covered with white soft hairs. Another point of difference is the bark of branches of {hsu:kauk-nak} at the base has hidden thorns.
You will have to clearly differentiate between the following: {hsè-htup-chin:}, {hsu:kauk-nak}, {gyup-tèý} and {U:hkaung:hkwa.} because they are very similar in appearance. The medicinal properties "are different".
Distribution in Myanmar :
Part used and uses :
Constituents :
Results of search for 'Capparis' in the Checklist of Plants of Myanmar, U.S. National Herbarium, 3 May 2006.
• Capparis ambigua Kurz . Habit: Shrub. Distribution: Wide.
• Capparis auricans Craib. Habit: Shrub. Distribution: Wide
• Capparis bhamoensis Raizada. Habit: Shrub. Distribution: Kachin
• Capparis burmanica Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Shrub.
Distribution: Kachin, Magway, Mon, Rakhine, Sagaing. Common Names: Kauk-kweza
• Capparis cataphyllosa M. Jacobs. Habit: Herb. Distribution: Reported from Myanmar
• Capparis cathcarti Hemsl. Habit: Shrub. Distribution: Kachin. Common Names: Jupuru
• Capparis crassifolia Kurz. Habit: Shrub. Distribution: Wide
• Capparis disticha Wall. Habit: Shrub. Distribution: Wide
• Capparis flavicans Wall. Habit: Small tree, Climber.
Distribution: Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing.
Common Names: Saungkyan
• Capparis floribunda Wight. Habit: Climber/Creeper. Distribution: Ayeyarwady
• Capparis gallatlyi King. Habit: Climber. Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing
• Capparis glauca Wall. Habit: Shrub. Distribution: Magway, Mandalay, Mon. Common Names: Kaukkwe
• Capparis grandis L. f. Habit: Small tree. Distribution: Magway, Mandalay.
Common Names: Kaunggwe, Kawngwa
• Capparis hastigera Hance. Habit: Shrub. Distribution: Magway, Mandalay
• Capparis longispina Hook. f. & Thomson. Habit: Shrub. Distribution: Wide
• Capparis membranifolia Kurz. Habit: Herb. Distribution: Reported from Myanmar
• Capparis micracantha DC. Habit: Small tree. Distribution: Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi, Yangon
• Capparis multiflora Hook. f. & Thomson. Habit: Climber. Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing
• Capparis olacifolia Hook. f. & Thomson. Habit: Shrub. Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing
Common Names: Nwa-mani-thanlyet
• Capparis orbiculata Wall. Habit: Shrub. Distribution: Magway, Sagaing
• Capparis polymorpha Kurz. Habit: Shrub. Distribution: Wide
• Capparis pumila Champ. Habit: Shrub. Distribution: Chin, Mon
• Capparis roydsiaefolia Kurz. Habit: Herb. Distribution: Reported from Myanmar
• Capparis rufidula M. Jacobs. Habit: Herb. Distribution: Reported from Myanmar
• Capparis sabiaefolia Hook. f. & Thomson. Habit: Shrub.
Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Shan, Unknown, Unknown
• Capparis sepiaria L. Habit: Shrub.
Distribution: Magway, Mandalay.
Common Names: Caper, Hnget-kway-sa, Sugauk
• Capparis siamensis Kurz. Habit: Shrub. Distribution: Wide
• Capparis spinosa L. Habit: Shrub. Distribution: Mandalay.
Common Names: Kywe-hna-kaung-gyeik
• Capparis subtenera Craib & W.W. Sm. Habit: Climber.
Distribution: Wide
• Capparis tenera Dalzell. Habit: Climber.
Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Unknown, Yangon
Common Names: Alolay, Lamaw juriu, Mani-thanlyet
• Capparis trinervia Hook. f. & Thomson. Habit: Climber/Creeper.
Distribution: Kachin, Kayin, Shan, Taninthayi. Common Names: Letmaung-nwe
• Capparis versicolor Griff. Habit: Climber. Distribution: Taninthayi
• Capparis viminea Hook. f. & Thomson. Habit: Shrub.
Distribution: Kayin, Shan, Taninthayi, Unknown
• Capparis xanthophylla Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Climber.
Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing
• Capparis zeylanica L. Habit: Climber. Distribution: Mandalay, Shan.
Common Names: Mai-nam-lawt, Mani-thanl-yet,
Nwamani-than-lyet
Ref. Burmese-Myanmar transcript names:
• Agri.Dept.2000 : NL
• FAO : NL
• Lè-seik-shin : NL
• KS-TMN 077: Kadet; Kone-kadet - C. nurvala [since the name "Kone-kadet"
(
?)
is controversial, MMPDB2000 has to disregard it.}
• Nagathein : NL
• UHM : NL
UKT: Two species of Crataeva bear similar or same name in Burmese-Myanmar: C. nurvala and C. religiosa . Since the names
{ka.tak} and
{ka.dat} - Dioscorea wallichii - is listed by the official dictionaries, which has prompted me to include the family Dioscorea in MMPDB2006. According to Nagathein 1-044 Dioscorea wallichii is
{ka.dat ping} .
Agri.Dept.2000 lists only 3 species of Crataeva, and does not list C. nurvala
• Crataeva hygrophila -- Capparidaceae -- {ré-ka.tak} 49-1305
• Crataeva religiosa -- Capparidaceae -- {hkan°tak} 12-0308
• Crataeva religiosa -- Capparidaceae -- {ka.tak} {hka.tak} {koan:ka.tak} 01-0025According to KS-TMN, "Kone-kadet" obviously transcribed from
/
Myanmar-Script Spelling
•
Official Myanmar Dictionaries : - TravPo-M-Dict - Myan-Engl-Dict - Myan-Ortho
/
- {hkan°-tak}
-
--
TravPo-M-Dict 044
-
{hkan°-tak}
n. kind of tree, Crataeva religiosa -- Myan-Engl-Dict 059
-
{ka.dat}
--
TravPo-M-Dict 003
-
{ka.dat} - n. species of yam, Dioscorea wallichii -- Myan-Engl-Dict 003
Hindi :
Sanskrit :
English common name used in Myanmar :
• Agri.Dept.2000 : NL
• FAO : NL
• Lè-seik-shin : NL
• KS-TMN 077: Garlic pear
• Nagathein : NL
• UHM : NL
Picture :
• Leader
http://pharm1.pharmazie.uni-greifswald.de/systematik/7_bilder/yamasaki/thai47.jpg
• Photos:left -- habit with flowers, right -- fruits.
Click on the pictures to enlarge. -- KS-TMN
Plant identification characters :
• A deciduous tree, much branched. Leaves alternate, palmately compound, 3-foliolate; exstipulate; petioles long; petiolulate; leaflets ovate-lanceolate or obovate, the bases obtuse, oblique in lateral leaflets, the margins entire, the tips gradually acuminate, reticulate, the surfaces glabrous. Inflorescences in dense terminal corymbs; bracts minute. Flowers ebracteolate, pedicellate, bisexual, actinomorphic, pentamerous, hypogynous. Calyx aposepalous, sepals 4, ovate, petaloid, inserted on the edge of the hemispheric disk, deciduous. Corolla apopetalous, petals4, ovate or oblong, with long claws, open in bud, greenish white when young, greenish yellow when old. Androecium polyandrous, stamens numerous, the filaments filiform, longer than petals, adnate to base of gynophore, purplish or whitish when young, lilac when old, the anthers dithecous, basifixed, introrse, dehisence longitudinal. Pistil 1, ovary ellipsoid, stalked, borne on a long gynophore, 2-carpelled, 1-loculed, the placentation parietal, the ovules many on each entruded placenta, the stigma sessile, discoid. Fruit a berry, fleshy, ovoid; seeds reniform, many, brown, imbedded in pulp, non-endospermic. Flowering period: April-May. Fruiting period: June-August -- KS-TMN
Distribution in Myanmar :
• Commonly grows wild or cultivated throughout Myanmar. -- KS-TMN
Part used and uses :
• Root bark -- Dysuria; Lithiasis; Abdominal tumour; Arthritis; Metrorrhagia; Infections; Cystitis; Diabetes; Inguinal lymph adenopathy; High fevers; Carminative; Expectorant. Leaf -- Arthritis; As an analgesic -- KS-TMN
Constituents :
Ref. Burmese-Myanmar transcript names:
• Agri.Dept.2000 12-0308:
{hkan°-tak}
• FAO : NL
• Lè-seik-shin 103:
{hka.tak ping}
• KS-TMN : NL
• Nagathein 1-277:
{hkan°-tak},
{ka.tak}
• UHM : NL
UKT: Two species of Crataeva bear similar or same name in Burmese-Myanmar: C. nurvala and C. religiosa (
Agri.Dept.2000 lists only 3 species of Crataeva, and does not list C. nurvala
• Crataeva hygrophila -- Capparidaceae -- {ré-ka.tak} 49-1305
• Crataeva religiosa -- Capparidaceae -- {hkan°tak} 12-0308
• Crataeva religiosa -- Capparidaceae -- {ka.tak} {hka.tak} {koan:ka.tak} 01-0025According to KS-TMN, "Kone-kadet" obviously transcribed from
Myanmar-Script Spelling
•
Official Myanmar Dictionaries : - TravPo-M-Dict - Myan-Engl-Dict - Myan-Ortho
/
- {hkan°-tak}
---
TravPo-M-Dict 044
-
{hkan°-tak}
n. kind of tree, Crataeva religiosa -- Myan-Engl-Dict 059
-
{ka.dat}
--
TravPo-M-Dict 003
-
{ka.dat} - n. species of yam, Dioscorea wallichii -- Myan-Engl-Dict 003
Hindi :
Sanskrit :
English common name used in Myanmar :
• Agri.Dept.2000 : Three-leaved caper, Garlic pear
• FAO : NL
• Lè-seik-shin 103: Three-leaved caper, Garlic pear
• KS-TMN 077: NL
• Nagathein 1-277: Three-leaved caper
• UHM : NL
Picture :
• Leader from
www.alectouk.com/ BANKS/im060002.htm
• Photos: tree --
eet.smps.edu.hk/ b1/29/1_1.htm ; leaves --
www.hktree.com/ tree/spider_tree.htm
Plant identification characters :
Free translation by UKT from Lè-seik-shin p.103:
{hka.tak}:
Tree - Deciduous medium size grows to over 30 feet.
White stripes on shoots. Bark: gray. Heart wood hard and not pliable
yellow when young turning brown with age.
Leaves - three cluster, alternate, ventral side clearly marked with
veins. Pointed at tip tapering towards base. Even edges. Surface smooth.
Flowers - overall diameter 2 to 3 inches. Large sized flowers,
pale yellow. Flowers many.
Fruits - yellow, diameter 1 to 2 inches, oval or round shape.
Fleshy with hard and rough rind. Seeds - kidney-shaped.
Distribution in Myanmar :
Part used and uses :
Constituents :
UKT: Two species of Crataeva bear similar or same name in Burmese-Myanmar: C. nurvala and C. religiosa . Since the names
Myanmar-Script Spelling
• Official Myanmar Dictionaries : - TravPo-M-Dict - Myan-Engl-Dict - Myan-Ortho /
-
-
-
-
Results of search for 'Crateva' in the Checklist of Plants of Myanmar, U.S. National Herbarium, 6 Apr 2006.
• Crateva hygrophila Kurz. Habit: Shrub, Small tree.
Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Mon, Taninthayi. Common Names: Ye-kadat, Ye-kadet
• Crateva lophosperma Kurz. Habit: Small tree.
Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Taninthayi.
• Crateva magna (Lour.) DC.. Cited as: Crateva
nurvala Buch.-Ham. Habit: Tree. Distribution: Wide. Common Names: Balwe-tie,
Garlic tree, Kadet, Kadet-kha, Kon-kadet, Mai-kom phat-kom, Three-leaved caper
• Crateva religiosa G. Forst. Habit: Tree.
Distribution: Reported from Myanmar
USDA-NRCS
"CRATE2","Crateva L.","crateva","Capparaceae"
"CRRE12","Crateva religiosa Forster f.","sacred garlic pear","Capparaceae"
"CRTA6","Crateva tapia L. [excluded]","","Capparaceae"
Gynandropsis pentaphylla (L.) DC., Prodr. 1:23. 1824. Hook. f. l.c. 171; Cooke, l.c. 40.
= Gynandropsis gynandra -- www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=242422729
Burmese-Myanmar transcript names:
• Agri.Dept.2000 62-1666:
{hing:ga.la}
• FAO :
• Lè-seik-shin : NL
• KS-TMN: NL
• Nagathein 4-402:
{hing:ga.la}
• UHM : NL
Myanmar-Script Spelling :
•
Official Myanmar Dictionaries :
{hing:ga.la} -
--
TravPo-M-Dict 344
{hing:ga.la} - n. kind of edible herb, Cleome viscosa -- Myan-Engl-Dict 531
Hindi
Sanskrit
English common name used in Myanmar
• Agri.Dept.2000 62-1666 : NL
• FAO : NL
• Lè-seik-shin : NL
• KS-TMN : NL
• Nagathein 4-402: NL
• UHM : NL
Picture:
• Leader: G. gynandra
http://members.chello.be/cr28796/GynaGyna.jpg
Plant identification characters :
• Herbs annual, erect or suberect, 10-50 (-90) cm tall, often glandular hairy. Leaves petiolate, 3-7-foliolate, very variable in size; leaflets obovate to elliptic, 1-5 (-6) cm long, 0.5-3 cm broad, usually acute or slightly acuminate, finely crenate to subentire; petiole (1-) 3-10 cm long. Inflorescence showy, up to 30 cm long, bracteate, bracts much smaller than the leaves. Flowers 1-2 cm across, mostly white or pinkish; pedicels generally 1-2 cm long. Sepals 4, ovate to lanceolate, 2-5 (-8) mm long, glandular. Petals 4, obovate and long clawed, 9-20 mm long, 4-10 mm broad. Androphore 15-25 mm long; stamens usually about 10, verti¬cellate, usually 10-15 mm long, subequal, spreading conspicuously from a long androphore (never like this in any Cleome species), filaments often pinkish or lilac. Gynophore 10-20 mm long, usually shorter in flowers but increasing in fruit. Style 1-2 mm long. Fruit capsular, (1.5-) 3-7 (-12) cm long, 0.2-0.5 (-0.8) cm broad, linear, narrowed towards both the ends, glandular-pubescent, finely and obliquely striated, many seeded. Seeds 1-1.8 mm in diam., finely longitudinally striated, with slightly cristate transverse ridges, dark-brown. -- www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=250012171
Distribution in Myanmar:
Distribution elsewhere:
• Widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In Africa a form of this species, with very large capsules (upto 15 cm long, 1.2 cm broad), is cultivated as vegetable. The other species G. speciosa DC., of Central & South America with glabrous plants and larger fls. and leaves, may be found cultivated as an ornamental in our gardens. -- www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=250012171
Part used and used as :
Constituents :
Results of search for 'Gynandropsis' in the Checklist of Plants of Myanmar, U.S. National Herbarium, 6 May 2006.
• Gynandropsis gynandra (L.) Merr. Habit: Herb.
Distribution: Wide. Common Names: Caravalla, Gangala, Hingala, Taw-hingala
• Gynandropsis speciosa DC. Habit: Herb. Distribution: Cultivated
USDA-NRCS-data
UKT: Though my interest is 'Gynandropsis', since G. gynandra has syn. Cleome gynandra, I have search searched for 'Cleome' .
"CLEOM","Cleome L.","spiderflower","Capparaceae"
"CLAC4","Cleome aculeata L.
","prickly spiderflower","Capparaceae"
"CLDI4","Cleome diffusa Banks ex DC.
","spreading spiderflower","Capparaceae"
"CLGY","Cleome gynandra L.
","spiderwisp","Capparaceae"
"CLPE4","Cleome pentaphylla
L.",">>Cleome gynandra
","Capparaceae"
"GYGY","Gynandropsis gynandra (L.)
Briq.",">>
Cleome gynandra","Capparaceae"
"CLHA","Cleome hassleriana Chod.
","pink queen","Capparaceae"
"CLAR8","Cleome arborea hort.
",">>Cleome hassleriana","Capparaceae"
"CLHA5","Cleome hasslerana Chodat
[orthographic variant]",">>Cleome
hassleriana","Capparaceae"
"CLHO","Cleome houtteana auct. non Schlecht.
[misapplied]",">>Cleome
hassleriana","Capparaceae"
"CLPU4","Cleome pungens auct. non Willd.
[misapplied]",">>Cleome
hassleriana","Capparaceae"
"CLSP8","Cleome spinosa auct. non Jacq.
[misapplied]",">>Cleome
hassleriana","Capparaceae"
"CLHI6","Cleome hirta (Klotzsch)
Oliv.","","Capparaceae"
"CLIB","Cleome iberica DC.","
Iberian spiderflower","Capparaceae"
"CLIS","Cleome isomeris Greene","
bladderpod spiderflower","Capparaceae"
"ISAR","Isomeris arborea Nutt.",
">>Cleome isomeris","Capparaceae"
"ISARA","Isomeris arborea Nutt. var.
angustata Parish",">>Cleome
isomeris","Capparaceae"
"ISARG","Isomeris arborea Nutt.
var. globosa Coville",">>Cleome
isomeris","Capparaceae"
"ISARI","Isomeris arborea Nutt.
var. insularis Jepson",">>Cleome
isomeris","Capparaceae"
"CLLU2","Cleome lutea Hook.","
yellow spiderflower","Capparaceae"
"CLLUJ","Cleome lutea Hook.
var. jonesii J.F. Macbr.","Jones
spiderflower","Capparaceae"
"CLJO","Cleome jonesii (J.F. Macbr.)
Tidestrom",">>Cleome lutea var.
jonesii","Capparaceae"
"CLLUL","Cleome lutea Hook. var.
lutea","yellow spiderflower","Capparaceae"
"CLMU","Cleome multicaulis DC.","
slender spiderflower","Capparaceae"
"CLSO2","Cleome sonorae Sessé &
Moc. ex Gray",">>Cleome
multicaulis","Capparaceae"
"CLOR2","Cleome ?ornithopodioides
L.","bird spiderflower","Capparaceae"
"CLPL","Cleome platycarpa Torr.","
golden spiderflower","Capparaceae"
"CLRU3","Cleome rutidosperma DC.",
"fringed spiderflower","Capparaceae"
"CLCI","Cleome ciliata Schumacher",
">>Cleome rutidosperma","Capparaceae"
"CLSE2","Cleome serrata Jacq.","
toothed spiderflower","Capparaceae"
"NESE3","Neocleome serrata (Jacq.)
Small",">>Cleome serrata","Capparaceae"
"CLSE","Cleome serrulata Pursh","
Rocky Mountain beeplant","Capparaceae"
"CLSEA2","Cleome serrulata Pursh var.
angusta (M.E. Jones) Tidestrom",">>Cleome
serrulata","Capparaceae"
"CLSP2","Cleome sparsifolia S.
Wats.","fewleaf spiderflower","Capparaceae"
"CLSP5","Cleome speciosa
Raf.","volantines preciosos","Capparaceae"
"CLSP4","Cleome speciosa
Kunth",">>Cleome speciosa","Capparaceae"
"CLSP9","Cleome speciosissima Deppe ex Lindl.
",">>Cleome speciosa","Capparaceae"
"CLSP3","Cleome spinosa Jacq.","
spiny spiderflower","Capparaceae"
"CLSA4","Cleome sandwicensis Gray",
">>Cleome spinosa","Capparaceae"
"NESP2","Neocleome spinosa (Jacq.)
Small",">>Cleome spinosa","Capparaceae"
"CLST","Cleome stenophylla Klotzsch ex Urban","tropical
spiderflower","Capparaceae"
"CLVI9","Cleome viscosa L.","
Asian spiderflower","Capparaceae"
"CLIC","Cleome icosandra L.
",">>Cleome viscosa",
"Capparaceae"
Main
Index of DB | Top
Contents of this page
Entry format: Botanical name / Family / Ref. Burmese-Myanmar
transcripts (• Agri.Dept.2000 :
• Chklist: • LSR : • FAO : • KS-TMN:
• Nagathein :
• UHM :/ Myanmar-Script Spelling (•
Official Myanmar Dictionaries : - TravPo-M-Dict - Myan-Engl-Dict - Myan-Ortho
/ Hindi /
Sanskrit / English common name used in Myanmar / Picture /
Plant identification characters / Distribution in Myanmar / Part
used and uses / Constituents /
End of TIL file
