Update:
2012-12-31 11:41 PM +0630
TIL
Myanmar Medicinal Plant Database
Family: Asteraceae
compiled by U Kyaw Tun, U Pe Than, and staff of TIL. Not for sale.
Contents of this page
Family: Asteraceae 8 entries
• Asteraceae family - family general characters (aka Compositae)
• Ageratum conyzoides •
{ka.du:hpo}
• Artemesia vulgaris
• {dau:na.}
• Blumea balsamifera
• {hpoän:ma.thain}
• Eclipta alba
•
{krait-mhan}
•
Enhydra fluctuans • {ka.na.hpau.}
•
Eupatorium cannabinum
• {pi.sup (hkwé:thé:pan:)}
•
Eupatorium odoratum
• {pi.sup (Bi:zat)}}
(
)
•
Myanmaria calycina
• not listed in Agri.Dept.2000
• Ageratum spp.
• Artemisia spp.
• Blumea spp.
• Eclipta spp.
• Enhydra spp.
• Eupatorium spp.
• Asteraceae - members cited in Agri.Dept.2000
Main Index of DB | Top
Contents of this page
the ‘daisy’ family (aka Compositae)
From: Families yielding important phytopharmaceuticals in
Fundamentals of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, by Michael Heinrich, J.
Barnes, S. Gibbons, and E. Williamson, October 2003, ISBN:0443071322, pp.320 --
www.fleshandbones.com/readingroom/pdf/747.pdf
This large family has kept botanists busy for many centuries and still no
universally accepted classification of the family exists. All members of the
family have a complex inflorescence (the capitula), which gave rise to the older
name of the family: Compositae (=inflorescence composed of many flowers). In
other features, the family is rather diverse, especially with respect to its
chemistry.
Important medicinal plants from the family
• Arnica montana L. (arnica), used topically, especially for bruises.
• Artemisia absinthum L. (wormwood or absinthium), used as a bitter tonic
and choleretic.
• Calendula officinalis L. (marigold), used topically, especially for
some skin afflictions.
• Cnicus benedictus L. (cnicus), used as a cholagogue (a bitter aromatic
stimulant).
• Cynara scolymus L. (artichoke), used in the treatment of liver and
gallbladder complaints and several other conditions.
• Echinacea angustifolia DC., E. pallida Nuttall and E.
purpurea (L.) Moench (Cone flower), now commonly used as an immunostimulant.
• Matricaria recutita L. (chamomille/camomille; several botanical
synonyms are also commonly used, including Chamomilla recutita and
Matricaria chamomilla).
• Tussilago farfara L. (coltsfoot), a now little used expectorant and
demulcent.
Morphological characteristics of the family
Fig. 4.3 : (a) Two members of the
genus Matricaria.
(Left) Matricaria chamomilla L. is aromatic and used medicinally.
(Right) Matriciria maritima L. subsp. inodora Schultz [=Tripleurospermum
perforatum (Mérat) Wagenitz], also known as Matricaria inodora,
is not aromatic and is not used medicinally. The illustration shows typical
morphological differences in these two speceis, such as the form of the
flower heads and the fruit, but it also shows how similar the two species
are in many other characteristics. From Fitch (1924).
The family is largely composed of herbaceous and shrubby species, but some
very conspicuous trees are also known. The most important morphological trait is
the complex flower head, a flower-like structure, which may in fact be composed
of a few or many flowers (capitulum or pseudanthium). In some
sections of the family (e.g. the subfamily Lactucoideae, which includes lettuce
and dandelion), only ligulate (tongue-shaped) or disk (ray) florets are present
in the dense heads. In the other major segment (subfamily Asteroideae), both
ligulate and radiate/discoid flowers are present on the same flower head, the
former generally forming an outer, showy ring with the inner often containing
large amounts of pollen. The flowers are epigynous, bisexual or sometimes
female, sterile or functionally male. The (outer) calyx has five fused sepals
and in many instances later develops into a pappus (featherlike in dandelions,
in other instances more bristly), which is used as a means for dispersing the
fruit; it is lacking in many other taxa. The fused petals (generally five) form
a tubus or a ligula. The two gynaecia are epigynous and develop into tiny,
nut-like fruits (achene or cypsela). The leaves are generally spirally arranged,
simple, dissect or more or less compound.
Distribution
More than 21,000 species are known from practically all parts of the world,
with the exception of Antarctica, and the family has found niches in a large
variety of ecosystems.
The family is particularly well-represented in Central America and
southern North America (Mexico).
Chemical characteristics of the family
A typical chemical trait of this family is the presence of polyfructanes
(especially inulin) as storage carbohydrates (instead of polysaccharides) in
perennial taxa. Inulin-containing drugs are used for preparing malted coffee
(e.g. from the rootstocks of Cichorium intybus, chicory). In many taxa,
some segments of the family accumulate sesquiterpene lactones (typically with
15-carbon atoms such as parthenolide; Fig. 4.4), which are important natural
products responsible for the pharmacological effects of many botanical drugs
such as Chrysanthemum parthenium (feverfew) and Arnica montana
(arnica). Polyacetylenic compounds (polyenes), and essential oil, are also
widely distributed. Some taxa accumulate pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which, for
example, are present in Tussilago farfara (coltsfoot) in very small
amounts. Many of these alkaloids are known for their hepatotoxic effects. Other
taxa accumulate unusual diterpenoids; the diterpene glycoside stevioside (Fig.
4.4), for example, is of interest because of its intensely sweet taste.
Contents of this page
Family : Asteraceae / Compositae
Syn.: Ageratum latifolium, A. cordifolium, A. album, A. odoratum.
--
http://www.tropilab.com/billy-goat.html
Ref. Burmese-Myanmar
transcripts
• Agri.Dept.2000 01-0022:
{ka.du:hpo}
- Agri.Dept.2000 14-0342:
{hkwé:thé:pan: (mo:kaung:)}
{pan:Ño}
• Chklist: Kadu-hpo
• LSR : NL
• FAO : NL
• KS-TMN:
NL
• Nagathein 1-044:
{ka.du:hpo}
• UHM : NL
Myanmar-Script Spelling
•
Official Myanmar Dictionaries :
{ka.du:hpo} - NL- TravPo-M-Dict
{ka.du:hpo} - NL - Myan-Engl-Dict
Chklist data:
• Ageratum conyzoides L. Habit: Shrub. Distribution: Mandalay,
Shan, Yangon. Common Names: Goatweed, Kadu-hpo
Hindi :
Sanskrit :
English common name used in Myanmar :
• Agri.Dept.2000 01- 0022: Goat weed
- Agri.Dept.2000 14-0342: NG
• Chklist: Goatweed
• LSR : NL
• FAO : NL
• KS-TMN:
NL
• Nagathein 1-044: Appa gras
• UHM : NL
Picture :
• Leaders:
left
http://www.raintree-health.co.uk/images/ageratum.gif
right -
http://www.tropilab.com/billy-goat.html
• Photos: left -
http://ecoport.org/PDB/000050/50223.jpg;
right-
www.hear.org/starr/hiplants/images/hires/html/starr_030202_0033_ageratum_conyzoides.htm
Plant identification characters :
• A common tropical annual herbaceous weed in Suriname. Grows to a height of
three feet, has little white flowers and opposite leaves. The stem is often red
and has long white hairs. The weak aromatic unpleasant smelling leaves are also
covered with fine hair. The dark seeds have scales and ends in a needle-like
shape. In alternative medicine, ageratum is used against epilepsy and wounds,
also used as an insect repellent. --
http://www.tropilab.com/billy-goat.html
Distribution in Myanmar :
Part
used and uses :
• Pharmacology: the phytochemicals in tropical whiteweed include
alkaloids, cumarins, essential oils, flavonoids and tannins. Ageratum shows
promising results for anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity due to the
flavonoid fraction. In Suriname's traditional medicine, the leaves are
applied to cuts, burns and sores (styptic) and externally for body rash. They
are also used against sore throat, spasms, diarrhea and epilepsy. --
http://www.tropilab.com/billy-goat.html
Constituents :
Contents of this page
Family : Asteraceae / Compositae
Ref. Burmese-Myanmar transcripts:
• Agri.Dept.2000 31-0814:
{dau:na.}
• FAO : NL
• Lè-seik-shin : NL
• KS-TMN: NL
• Nagathein 2-085:
{dau:na.}
• UHM : not listed
Myanmar-Script Spelling:
•
Official Myanmar Dictionaries :
{dau:na.}
-
--TravPo-M-Dict 153
{dau:na.}
-
n. Indian wormwood, Artemisia vulgaris. --
Myan-Engl-Dict 211
Hindi : {na-ga.dau:na.} -- Nagathein;
{dau:na}
--TravPo-M-Dict 153
Sanskrit
English common name used in Myanmar:
• Agri.Dept.2000 31-0814: Indian worm wood
• FAO : NL
• Lè-seik-shin : NL
• KS-TMN: NL
• Nagathein 2-085: NL
• UHM : NL
• Mugwort; common wormwood ; Felon Herb. St. John's Plant.
Cingulum Sancti Johannis
Picture:
• Leader coloured drawing from:
www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/m/mugwor61.html
• Line drawing from:
http://plants.usda.gov/cgi_bin/topics.cgi?earl=plant_profile.cgi&symbol=ARVU
Plant identification characters:
• Mugwort abounds on hedgebanks and waysides in most parts of
England. It is a tall-growing plant, the stems, which are angular and often of a
purplish hue, frequently rising 3 feet or more in height. The leaves are smooth
and of a dark green tint on the upper surface, but covered with a dense cottony
down beneath; they are once or twice pinnately lobed, the segments being
lance shaped and pointed. The flowers are in small oval heads with cottony
involucres and are arranged in long, terminal panicles; they are either reddish
or pale yellow. The Mugwort is closely allied to the Cornmon Wormwood, but may
be readily distinguished by the leaves being white on the under-surfaces only
and by the leaf segments being pointed, not blunt. It lacks the essential oil of the Wormwood.
The Mugwort is said to have derived its name from having
been used to flavour drinks. It was, in common with other herbs, such as Ground
Ivy, used to a great extent for flavouring beer before the introduction of hops.
For this purpose, the plant was gathered when in flower and dried, the fresh
herb being considered unsuitable for this object: malt liquor was then boiled
with it so as to form a strong decoction, and the liquid thus prepared was added
to the beer. Until recent years, it was still used in some parts of the country
to flavour the table beer brewed by cottagers.
It has also been suggested that the name, Mugwort,
may be derived not from 'mug,' the drinking vessel, but from moughte
(a moth or maggot), because from the days of Dioscorides, the plant has been
regarded, in common with Wormwood, as useful in keeping off the attacks of moths.
In the Middle Ages, the plant was known as Cingulum Sancti
Johannis, it being believed that John the Baptist wore a girdle of it in the
wilderness. There were many superstitions connected with it: it was believed to
preserve the wayfarer from fatigue, sunstroke, wild beasts and evil spirits
generally: a crown made from its sprays was worn on St. John's Eve to gain
security from evil possession, and in Holland and Germany one of its names is
St. John's Plant, because of the belief, that if gathered on St. John's Eve it
gave protection against diseases and misfortunes.
Dioscorides praises this herb, and orders the
flowering tops to be used just before they bloom.
The dried leaves were, sixty or seventy years ago, in use by the
working classes in Cornwall as one of the substitutes for tea, at a time when
tea cost 7s. per lb., and on the Continent Mugwort is occasionally
employed as an aromatic culinary herb, being one of the green herbs with which
geese are often stuffed during roasting.
The downy leaves have been used in the preparation of Moxas,
which the Japanese use to cure rheumatism. The down is separated by heating the
leaves and afterwards rubbing them between the hands until the cottony fibres
alone remain, these are then made up into small cones or cylinders for use.
Artemisia Moxa and A. sinensis are mainly used in Japan. This cottony
substance has also been used as a substitute for tinder.
Sheep are said to enjoy the herbage of the Mugwort, and also the
roots. The plant may, perhaps, be the Artemesia of Pontos, which was celebrated
among the ancients for fattening these animals. It is said to be good for
poultry and turkeys.
A variegated variety of Mugwort also occurs.
www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/m/mugwor61.html
Distribution in Myanmar :
Part used and uses:
Ethnobotany (Worldwide use):
• Parts Used Medicinally --- The leaves, collected in
August and dried in the same manner as Wormwood, and the root, dug in autumn and
dried. The roots are cleansed in cold water and then freed from rootlets. Drying
may be done at first in the open air, spread thinly, as contact may turn the
roots mouldy. Or they may be spread on clean floors, or on shelves, in a warm
room for about ten days, and turned frequently. When somewhat shrunken, they
must be finished more quickly by artificial heat in a drying room or shed, near
a stove or gas fire, care being taken that the heated air can escape at the top
of the room. Drying in an even temperature will probably take about a fortnight,
or more. It is not complete until the roots are dry to the core and brittle, snapping when bent.
Mugwort root is generally about 8 inches long, woody,
beset with numerous thin and tough rootlets, 2 to 4 inches long, and about 1/12
inch thick. It is light brown externally; internally whitish, with an angular
wood and thick bark, showing five or six resin cells. The taste is sweetish and acrid.
Medicinal Action and Uses -- It has stimulant and
slightly tonic properties, and is of value as a nervine and emmenagogue, having
also diuretic and diaphoretic action. Its chief employment is as an emmenagogue,
often in combination with Pennyroyal and Southernwood. It is also useful as a diaphoretic in the
commencement of cold. It is given in infusion, which should be prepared in a covered vessel, 1 oz.
of the herb to 1 pint of boiling water, and given in 1/2 teaspoonful doses,
while warm. The infusion may be taken cold as a tonic, in similar doses, three
times daily: it has a bitterish and aromatic taste. As a nervine,
Mugwort is valued in palsy, fits, epileptic and similar
affections, being an old-fashioned popular remedy for epilepsy (especially in
persons of a feeble constitution). Gerard says: 'Mugwort cureth the shakings of
the joynts inclining to the Palsie;' and Parkinson considered it good against
hysteria. A drachm of the powdered leaves, given four times a day, is stated by
Withering to have cured a patient who had been affected with hysterical fits for
many years, when all other remedies had failed.
The juice and an infusion of the herb were given for intermittent fevers and
agues. The leaves used to be steeped in baths, to communicate an invigorating property to the water. --
www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/m/mugwor61.html
Constituents:
• A volatile oil, an acrid resin and tannin --
www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/m/mugwor61.html
Contents of this page
Family : Asteraceae / Compositae
Ref. Burmese-Myanmar transcripts
• Agri.Dept.2000 41-1074:
{hpoan°:ma.thein}
• Chklit: Phon-ma-thein
• LSR : NL
• FAO : NL
• KS-TMN 089:
{hpoan°:ma.thein}
• Nagathein 2-315:
{hpoan°:ma.thein}
• UHM 08: Hpon-ma-thein
Myanmar-Script Spelling :
•
Official Myanmar Dictionaries
{hpoan°:ma.thein}
-
--
TravPo-M-Dict 211
{hpoan°:ma.thein}
- a small tree, the leaves of which contain some measure of camphor and are used
for medicinal purpose, Blumea balsamifera -- Myan-Engl-Dict 305
Chklist data:
• Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC. Habit: Small tree. Distribution:
Wide. Common Names: Phon-ma-thein, Shan camphor
Hindi :
Sanskrit :
English common name used in Myanmar
• Agri.Dept.2000 41-1074 : Shan camphor
• Chklist: Shan camphor
• LSR : NL
• FAO : NL
• KS-TMN 089 : Nagal Camphor
• Nagathein 2-315: NL
• UHM : Ngai camphor, Shan camphor
Picture:
• Leader from : Nagathein 2-317
•
Photos: left -- habit with flowers
right -- habit with fruits. - KS-TMN
Plant identification characters :
• An evergreen shrub, occasionally a small tree, smells strongly of camphor;
younger stems branching corymbose above, all softer parts densely appressed
villous. Leaves alternate, simple; exstipulate; petiolate; laminae lanceolate to
oblong-lanceolate, the bases decurrent, the margins serrulate or entire, repand,
the tips acute, unicostate, reticulate, the surfaces silky villous, coriaceous.
Inflorescences in capitula or leads, terminal, producing a pleiochasium of 4
main peduncles, each main peduncle terminating in a pleiochasium and laterally
bears 4-7 secondary peduncles below the pleiochasium, each peduncle bears a
capitulum, the capitulum campaniform; bracts forming an involucre, 6-seriate,
the bracts of outer 2 series ovate, those of the inner series linear, silky
pilose. Outer florets of capitulum many-seriate, pistillaes more than 80,
fertile, zygomorphic, trimerous, epigynous. Calyx 1-seriate as pappus hairs,
persistent. Corolla synpetalous, filiform, 2- to 3- toothed, yellow . Pistil
characters similar to those of disc floret. Inner or disc florets about 35,
bisexual, actinomorphic, pentamerous, epigynous. Calyx characters sumilar to the
pistillate florets. Corolla synpetalous, tubular, 5-toothed, yellow. Androecium
of 5 stamens, epipetalous, the anthers dithecous, oblongoid, the bases sagittate,
syngenesious, exserted, introrse, dehiscence longitudinal. Pistil 1, ovary
inferior, 2-carpelled, syncarpous, 1-loculed with a solitary basal ovule, the
style 1, the stigmatic branches 2, the stigmas 2. Fruit an achene, sericeous,
smooth, persistent pappus soft, pale pink; seeds non-endospermic. Flowering period: April.
Fruiting period: May -- KS-TMN
• An evergreen shrub sometimes growing out into a small tree,
all softer parts densely appressed-villous -- UHM
Distribution in Myanmar
• On the hills of Myanmar. -- KS-TMN
• Kachin States, Kyaington, Shan States, Tharawaddy -- UHM
Parts used and uses: Leaf
• Paralysis agitans; Skin disease;
Urinary infection; Gonorrhoea; Cholera;
Asthma; Tooth-ache; Antidote for scorpion stings; Chronic cough -- KS-TMN
• Leaves. Used as stimulant, antispasmodic,
externally it is antiseptic and rubefacient -- UHM
Constituents:
• Saturated ketone C9H16CO (1) -- UHM
Contents of this page
Family : Asteraceae / Compositae
Syn. Eclipta prostrata, E. alba --
www.himalayahealthcare.com/herbfinder/h_eclipt.htm
Ref. Burmese-Myanmar
transcripts
• Agri.Dept.2000 09-0226 :
{krait-mhan}
• Chklist: Kyeik-hman
• LSR 087:
{krait-mhan}
• FAO : NL
• KS-TMN: NL
• Nagathein 195:
{krait-mhan ping}
• UHM : NL
Myanmar-Script Spelling
• Official Myanmar Dictionaries :
{krait-mhan}
- 
- TravPo-M-Dict 034
{krait-mhan}
- n- common medicinal plant. Eclipta alba. - -Myan-Engl-Dict 044
- Myan-Ortho
Chklist data
• Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. Cited as: Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.
Habit: Herb. Distribution: Reported from Myanmar. Common Names: Kyeik-hman
Hindi :
Sanskrit :
English common name used in Myanmar
• Agri.Dept.2000 09-0226 : Eclipta
• Chklist: NG
• LSR 087: NG
• FAO : NL
• KS-TMN: NL
• Nagathein 195: NG
• UHM : NL
Picture :
Leader: LSR
Plant identification characters :
• An erect or prostrate,
much branched, roughly hairy, annual, rooting at the nodes; the leaves are opposite,
sessile and lanceolate; the flower-heads are white. --
www.himalayahealthcare.com/herbfinder/h_eclipt.htm
Distribution in Myanmar :
Distribution elsewhere:
• It grows as a common weed throughout India, ascending up to
6,000 ft. on the hills.
www.himalayahealthcare.com/herbfinder/h_eclipt.htm
Part
used and uses :
• Pharmacology. Eclipta is an effective anti-inflammatory agent.
It inhibited the higher levels of histamine due to chronic inflammation up to
58.67 percent3. The ethanolic extract of the dried whole plant E. prostrata
and its active constituent, culumbin, exhibited remarkable antihypertensive
activity on anesthetized rats. No significant side effects or toxicities have
been found either on histopathology of liver, kidney, spleen, heart or on
biochemical parameters like SGOT, SGPT, BUN, etc. Moreover, no appreciable
changes have been found in body weight and in specific organ weight during the
course of investigation on Long Evans rats4.
An alcoholic extract of freshly collected E. prostrata aerial parts exhibited
dose-dependent (62.5-500.0 mg/kg p.o.) and significant hepatoprotective activity
against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rats and mice. The
hepatoprotective activity is further substantiated by its protective role on
parameters such as hexobarbitone-induced sleep, zoxazolamine-induced paralysis,
bromosulphaphthalin (BSP) clearance, serum levels of transaminases, bilirubin
and protein. The extract did not show any signs of toxicity and the minimum
lethal dose greater than 2.0g/kg when given orally and intraperitoneally in mice
5. Indications. The herb is used as a tonic and deobstruent in hepatic
and splenic enlargements and in skin diseases. The plant juice is administered
in combination with aromatics for catarrhal jaundice. The plant possesses
antihepatotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities. The fresh plant is considered
anodyne and absorbent. Product Range. Abana (HeartCare), Geriforte (GeriCare/ StressCare),
Pilex (VeinCare), Purim (HemoCare), BloodPurifier Capsules& Syrup, Protein
Conditioner, Revitalizing Hair Oil, Galactin Vet, Geriforte Aqua, Geriforte Vet,
Liv.52 Protec. -
www.himalayahealthcare.com/herbfinder/h_eclipt.htm
Constituents :
• The herb contains wedelolactone and dimethyl
wedelolactone possessing potent antihepatotoxic properties1. The herb
is a rich source of ascorbic acid. It also contains and alkaloid, ecliptine. The
plant is a good source of thiophene derivatives which are active against
nematodes. The occurrence of mono-, di- and trithiophene acetylenes together
with a-terthenyl in this species is noteworthy. The petroleum ether extract of
aerial parts contains a trithienyl aldehyde, ecliptal, besides stigmasterol and
ß-sitosterol. The roots are very rich in thiophene acetylenes2.
www.himalayahealthcare.com/herbfinder/h_eclipt.htm
Factoid:
• It was used by Hindus in their Shradh (ceremony for paying
respect to a recently deceased person), being placed under and on the pinda. The
description of the herb's medicinal properties by Arab writers are the similar
to their Indian counterparts, and they called it "Kadim-el-bint" in Arabic. Mr.
J. J. Wood suggested that E. prostrata wound be found eventually of
greater service than taraxacum in hepatic derangements.
www.himalayahealthcare.com/herbfinder/h_eclipt.htm
UKT: Linguistically, the word "Shradh" is related to the Burmese-Myanmar
{tha.-hta} and
{tha.-hta kræÑ-Ño} which can be loosely translated as "love and respect".
Buddhist-Myanmars do not perform such a ceremony, instead of which they offer "hswam:"
(food) to the monks and ask the deceased to say "sadu" (well-done) and gain
merit (rejoice). - I still have to consult my peers.
Contents of this page
Family : Asteraceae
Ref. Burmese-Myanmar
transcripts
• Agri.Dept.2000 02-0034:
{ka.na.hpau.}
• Chklist: Kana-hpaw
• LSR 011:
{ka.na.hpau.}
• FAO : NL
• KS-TMN:
NL
• Nagathein 1-050:
{ka.na.hpau.}
• UHM : NL
UKT:
and
are variations in calligraphy with the same meaning. The first is the form I
prefer: the second is the official form.
Myanmar-Script Spelling
• Official Myanmar Dictionaries :
{ka.na.hpau.}
- TravPo-M-Dict -003
{ka.na.hpau.} - NL
- Myan-Engl-Dict
{ka.na.hpau. ping}
- Myan-Ortho 002
Chklist data :
• Enhydra fluctuans Lour. Habit: Herb. Distribution: Wide. Common
Names: Kana-hpaw
Hindi :
Sanskrit :
English common name used in Myanmar :
• Agri.Dept.2000 02-0034: NG
• Chklist: NG
• LSR 011: NG
• FAO : NL
• KS-TMN:
NL
• Nagathein 1-050: NG
• UHM : NL
Picture :
• Leader - LSR
Plant identification characters :
Distribution in Myanmar :
Part
used and uses :
Constituents :
Contents of this page
Family : Asteraceae
MMPDB2006
{hkwé:thé:pan:} literally means "dog-urine flower" or a plant on which a dog has
urinated (probably inferring that the smell of the crushed leaves is
disagreeable).
Ref. Burmese-Myanmar
transcripts
• Agri.Dept.2000 :
NL
• Chklist: Bizat, Hkwe-thay-pan
- re-transliteration:
,
• LSR : NL
• FAO : NL
• KS-TMN:
NL
• Nagathein 1-345:
{Bi:zat (tau:)}
• UHM : NL
Myanmar-Script Spelling
•
Official Myanmar Dictionaries :
{khwé:thwé:pan:} -
- TravPo-M-Dict 061
{khwé:thwé:pan:} - NL - Myan-Engl-Dict
- Myan-Ortho 051
Chklist data :
• Eupatorium cannabinum L. Habit: Shrub. Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago,
Kachin, Mon, Shan, Taninthayi, Yangon. Common Names: Bizat, Hkwe-thay-pan
Hindi
:
Sanskrit :
English common name used in Myanmar :
• Agri.Dept.2000 :
NL
• Chklist: NG
• LSR : NL
• FAO : NL
• KS-TMN:
NL
• Nagathein 1-345:
Hemp Agrimony
• UHM : NL
Picture :
• Leader -
www.terra.hu/haznov/jpg/Eupatorium.cannabinum.1.jpg
• Photos:
www.hort.cornell.edu/department/faculty/wmiller/HORT300/plantlist1/img043.jpg
Plant identification characters :
Distribution in Myanmar :
Part
used and uses :
Constituents :
Contents of this page
Syn. Chromolaena odorata -- Chklist
Family : Asteraceae
Ref. Burmese-Myanmar
transcripts
• Agri.Dept.2000 26-0686:
{tau:pi.sup}
{tau:bi.sup}
- Agri.Dept.2000 35-0916: {pi.sa.pa} {bi.zup}
• Chklist: Bezat, Bizat, Bizat, Jamani-chon, Jamani-chon
• LSR : NL
• FAO : NL
• KS-TMN: NL
• Nagathein 2-345:
{Bi:zat}
• UHM : NL
Myanmar-Script Spelling
•
Official Myanmar Dictionaries :
{pi.sup}
-
- TravPo-M-Dict
183
{pi.sup}
- n. kind of medicinal shrub. Eupatorium odoratum.
- Myan-Engl-Dict 256
- Myan-Ortho
Chklist data :
• Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Robinson . Cited as:
Eupatorium odoratum L. Habit: Shrub. Distribution: Wide. Common Names:
Bezat, Bizat, Bizat, Jamani-chon, Jamani-chon
Hindi :
Sanskrit :
English common name used in Myanmar :
• Agri.Dept.2000 26-0686: NG
- Agri.Dept.2000 35-0916: NG
• Chklist: NG
• LSR : NL
• FAO : NL
• KS-TMN: NL
• Nagathein 2-345:
{Bi:zat}
• UHM : NL
Picture :
Leader -
http://members.chello.be/sf16063/pauwels/ChroOdor.jpg
Photo:
http://home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/shoyaku/photo/Thai/021203Eupatorium.jpg
Plant identification characters
Distribution in Myanmar
Part
used and uses
An aqueous extract of the leaves of Chromolaena odorata (formerly
Eupatorium odoratum) (Eupolin) inhibits hydrated collagen lattice
contraction by normal human dermal fibroblasts.
by Phan TT, Hughes MA, Cherry GW, Le TT, Pham HM, Wound Healing Institute,
Churchill, Oxford, U.K. PMID: 9395667 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Chromolaena odorata (formerly Eupatorium odoratum) is
used as a traditional medicine in Vietnam (Nghiem, 1992), where its Vietnamese
common name is "co hoi." While it has been widely considered a weed by
agriculturalists (Holm et al., 1991), the aqueous extract and the decoction from
the leaves of this plant have been used throughout Vietnam for the treatment of
soft tissue wounds, burn wounds, and skin infections. A number of clinical
studies done by Vietnamese as well as foreign medical workers has demonstrated
the efficacy of this extract on the wound-healing process. In this article, the
effect of the Eupolin extract on hydrated collagen lattice contraction by human
dermal fibroblasts, an in vitro model of wound contraction, is described. The
significant inhibition of collagen gel contraction by Eupolin extract at 50 to
200 micrograms/ml is demonstrated in various concentrations of collagen. When
the extract at 50 to 150 micrograms/ml was washed out of the lattices and
replaced by fresh medium without Eupolin, the contraction of collagen by cells
was resumed. The visualization of cells in the lattices by incubation in a
tetrazolium salt for 2 h showed live cells at 50 to 150 micrograms/ml of
extract. In contrast, all cells were killed in the higher extract doses of 300
or 400 micrograms/ml. These preliminary results showing the inhibitory effect of
Eupolin extract on collagen contraction suggest that a clinical evaluation of
its effect on wound contraction and scar quality should be made. This work
illustrates that traditional remedies that are used by folk practitioners to
improve healing can be examined in a scientific manner using in vitro
wound-healing models. It could be that the synergistic properties of components
of the natural extract contribute to the positive effects demonstrated on
various wound-healing mechanisms.
Constituents
• The volatile oil from C. odorata had a significant effect on the growth of
plants, fungi and insects. The result showed that the seedling growth of five
test plants was obviously inhibited, in the order of ryegrass > Chinese cabbage
> radish > snap been > rice. The inhibitory effect of the oil at its middle
concentration (800 mg.L-1) for Pyricularia grisea was the strongest, the next
was to Phytophthora nicotianae, and the weakest was to Fusarium axysporum. The
inhibitory percentage was 61.40%, 29.27% and 14.44%, respectively. The volatile
oil from C. odorata at the dose of 10-20 microliters.plant-1 had a significant
oviposition deterrent effect on Phyllotreta striolata and Plutella xylostella.
The volatile oil from C. odorata was analyzed by GC/MS and thirty components
were identified. Terpenoids compounds were major components of the volatile oil,
such as trans-caryophyllene (16.58%), delta-cadinene (15.85%), alpha-copaene
(11.58%), caryophyllene oxide (9.63%), germacrene-D (4.96%), and delta-humulene
(4.32%).
Laboratory of Insect Ecology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou
510642, China.
PMID: 12924132 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] -http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12924132&dopt=Abstract
Contents of this page
Family: Asteraceae
Results of search for 'Myanmaria' in the Checklist of Plants of
Myanmar, U.S. National Herbarium, 7 Aug 2006.
• Myanmaria calycina (DC.) H. Robinson. Cited as: Vernonia calycina
Wall. Habit: Shrub. Distribution: Bago, Bago
UKT: The following are listed in Agri.Dept.2000
Vernonia anthelminttca -- Compositae -- {zi-ra-nak (tau:)} 23-0582
Vernonia cinera -- Compositae -- {tha.ha.dé-wi} 58-1553
Vernonia cinerea -- Compositae -- {ka.tu:pran} 01-0021
Contents of this page
Family : Asteraceae
Results of search for 'Ageratum' in the Checklist of Plants
of Myanmar, U.S. National Herbarium, 6 Aug 2006.
• Ageratum conyzoides L. Habit: Shrub. Distribution: Mandalay,
Shan, Yangon. Common Names: Goatweed, Kadu-hpo
• Ageratum houstonianum Mill. Habit: Shrub. Distribution: Cultivated.
Common Names: Paung-khon-pan
USDA-NRCS
"AGERA2","Ageratina Spach","snakeroot","Asteraceae"
"AGAD2","Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) King & H.E. Robins.","sticky
snakeroot","Asteraceae"
"EUAD2","Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng.",">>Ageratina
adenophora","Asteraceae"
"EUGL8","Eupatorium glandulosum Kunth, non Michx.",">>Ageratina
adenophora","Asteraceae"
"AGAL5","Ageratina altissima (L.) King & H.E. Robins.","white
snakeroot","Asteraceae"
"AGALA","Ageratina altissima (L.) King & H.E. Robins. var. altissima","white
snakeroot","Asteraceae"
"AGAL9","Ageratum altissimum L., non Eupatorium altissimum L.",">>Ageratina
altissima var. altissima","Asteraceae"
"EURU6","Eupatorium rugosum Houtt.",">>Ageratina altissima var.
altissima","Asteraceae"
"EURUC","Eupatorium rugosum Houtt. var. chlorolepis Fern.",">>Ageratina
altissima var. altissima","Asteraceae"
"EURUT","Eupatorium rugosum Houtt. var. tomentellum (B.L. Robins.) Blake",">>Ageratina
altissima var. altissima","Asteraceae"
"EURUV","Eupatorium rugosum Houtt. var. villicaule (Fern.) Blake",">>Ageratina
altissima var. altissima","Asteraceae"
"EUURT","Eupatorium urticifolium Reichard var. tomentellum B.L. Robins.",">>Ageratina
altissima var. altissima","Asteraceae"
"AGALA2","Ageratina altissima (L.) King & H.E. Robins. var. angustata (Gray)
Clewell & Woot.","white snakeroot","Asteraceae"
"EURUA","Eupatorium rugosum Houtt. var. angustata (Gray) Blake",">>Ageratina
altissima var. angustata","Asteraceae"
"AGALR","Ageratina altissima (L.) King & H.E. Robins. var. roanensis (Small)
Clewell & Woot.","white snakeroot","Asteraceae"
"EURO8","Eupatorium roanense Small",">>Ageratina altissima var.
roanensis","Asteraceae"
"EURUR","Eupatorium rugosum Houtt. var. roanense (Small) Fern.",">>Ageratina
altissima var. roanensis","Asteraceae"
"EUUR4","Eupatorium urticifolium Reichard",">>Ageratina altissima var.
roanensis","Asteraceae"
"AGAR4","Ageratina aromatica (L.) Spach","lesser snakeroot","Asteraceae"
"AGARA","Ageratina aromatica (L.) Spach var. aromatica","lesser
snakeroot","Asteraceae"
"EUAR7","Eupatorium aromaticum L.",">>Ageratina aromatica var.
aromatica","Asteraceae"
"EULA11","Eupatorium latidens Small",">>Ageratina aromatica var.
aromatica","Asteraceae"
"AGARI2","Ageratina aromatica (L.) Spach var. incisa (Gray) C.F. Reed","lesser
snakeroot","Asteraceae"
"EUARI3","Eupatorium aromaticum L. var. incisum Gray",">>Ageratina
aromatica var. incisa","Asteraceae"
"AGHA4","Ageratina havanensis (Kunth) King & H.E. Robins.","Havana
snakeroot","Asteraceae"
"EUHA5","Eupatorium havanense Kunth",">>Ageratina havanensis","Asteraceae"
"EUTE9","Eupatorium texense (Torr. & Gray) Rydb.",">>Ageratina
havanensis","Asteraceae"
"AGHE5","Ageratina herbacea (Gray) King & H.E. Robins.","fragrant
snakeroot","Asteraceae"
"EUHE7","Eupatorium herbaceum (Gray) Greene",">>Ageratina
herbacea","Asteraceae"
"AGJU2","Ageratina jucunda (Greene) Clewell & Woot.","hammock
snakeroot","Asteraceae"
"EUJU","Eupatorium juncundum Greene",">>Ageratina jucunda","Asteraceae"
"AGLE3","Ageratina lemmonii (B.L. Robins.) King & H.E. Robins.","Lemmon's
snakeroot","Asteraceae"
"EULE7","Eupatorium lemmonii B.L. Robins.",">>Ageratina
lemmonii","Asteraceae"
"AGLU","Ageratina luciae-brauniae (Fern.) King & H.E. Robins.","Lucy Braun's
snakeroot","Asteraceae"
"EULU3","Eupatorium luciae-brauniae Fern.",">>Ageratina
luciae-brauniae","Asteraceae"
"AGOC2","Ageratina occidentalis (Hook.) King & H.E. Robins.","western
snakeroot","Asteraceae"
"EUOC5","Eupatorium occidentale Hook.",">>Ageratina
occidentalis","Asteraceae"
"AGPA13","Ageratina paupercula (Gray) King & H.E. Robins.","Santa Rita
snakeroot","Asteraceae"
"EUPA10","Eupatorium pauperculum Gray",">>Ageratina
paupercula","Asteraceae"
"AGRE3","Ageratina resiniflua (Urban) King & H.E. Robins.","resinous
snakeroot","Asteraceae"
"EURE11","Eupatorium resinifluum Urban",">>Ageratina
resiniflua","Asteraceae"
"AGRI2","Ageratina riparia (Regel) King & H.E. Robins.","spreading
snakeroot","Asteraceae"
"EURI4","Eupatorium riparium Regel",">>Ageratina riparia","Asteraceae"
"AGRO5","Ageratina rothrockii (Gray) King & H.E. Robins.","Rothrock's
snakeroot","Asteraceae"
"EURO9","Eupatorium rothrockii Gray",">>Ageratina rothrockii","Asteraceae"
"AGSH2","Ageratina shastensis (Taylor & Stebbins) King & H.E.
Robins.","Shasta snakeroot","Asteraceae"
"EUSH","Eupatorium shastense Taylor & Stebbins",">>Ageratina
shastensis","Asteraceae"
"AGWR2","Ageratina wrightii (Gray) King & H.E. Robins.","Wright's
snakeroot","Asteraceae"
"EUWR3","Eupatorium wrightii Gray",">>Ageratina wrightii","Asteraceae"
"AGERA","Ageratum L.","whiteweed","Asteraceae"
"AGCO","Ageratum conyzoides L.","tropical whiteweed","Asteraceae"
"AGCO2","Ageratum corymbosum Zuccagni ex Pers.","flat-top whiteweed","Asteraceae"
"AGGU","Ageratum guatemalense M.F. Johnson",">>Ageratum
corymbosum","Asteraceae"
"AGDO3","Ageratum domingense Spreng. [excluded]","","Asteraceae"
"AGHO3","Ageratum houstonianum P. Mill.","bluemink","Asteraceae"
"AGLI3","Ageratum littorale Gray","Cape Sable whiteweed","Asteraceae"
Contents of this page
Family: Asteraceae
Results of search for 'Artemisia' in the Checklist of Plants
of Myanmar, U.S. National Herbarium, 6 Aug 2006.
• Artemisia annua L. Habit: Herb. Distribution: Cultivated
• Artemisia indica Willd. Habit: Herb. Distribution: Kachin, Mon, Shan,
Unknown
• Artemisia japonica Thunb. Habit: Herb. Distribution: Shan. Common
Names: Pha-let-wa
• Artemisia myriantha Wall. ex Bess. Cited as: Artemisia burmanica
Pampan. Habit: Shrub. Distribution: Mandalay
• Artemisia pallens Wall. ex DC. Habit: Herb. Distribution:
Cultivated. Common Names: Dawna-pan
• Artemisia parviflora Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb. Habit: Herb.
Distribution: Mandalay, Mon, Shan. Common Names: Ngan-say, Thit-nan-gaing
• Artemisia persica Boiss. Habit: Herb. Distribution: Shan. Common
Names: Let-ka-du
• Artemisia scoparia Waldst. & Kit. Habit: Herb. Distribution: Shan
• Artemisia vulgaris L. Habit: Herb. Distribution: Kachin,
Mandalay, Mon, Shan. Common Names: Fleabane, Indian wormwood, Me-di-dok,
Thit-nan-gaing
USDA-NRCS
"ARTEM","Artemisia L.","sagebrush","Asteraceae"
"ARAB2","Artemisia abrotanum L.","southernwood","Asteraceae"
"ARPR6","Artemisia procera Willd.",">>Artemisia abrotanum","Asteraceae"
"ARAB3","Artemisia absinthium L.","absinthium","Asteraceae"
"ARABI3","Artemisia absinthium L. var. insipida Stechmann",">>Artemisia
absinthium","Asteraceae"
"ARAL5","Artemisia alaskana Rydb.","Alaska wormwood","Asteraceae"
"ARTY","Artemisia tyrellii Rydb.",">>Artemisia alaskana","Asteraceae"
"ARAL6","Artemisia aleutica Hultén","Aleutian wormwood","Asteraceae"
"ARAN3","Artemisia annua L.","sweet sagewort","Asteraceae"
"ARAR8","Artemisia arbuscula Nutt.","little sagebrush","Asteraceae"
"ARARA","Artemisia arbuscula Nutt. ssp. arbuscula","little
sagebrush","Asteraceae"
"ARTRA","Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. arbuscula (Nutt.) Hall &
Clements",">>Artemisia arbuscula ssp. arbuscula","Asteraceae"
"SEAR9","Seriphidium arbusculum (Nutt.) W.A. Weber",">>Artemisia arbuscula
ssp. arbuscula","Asteraceae"
"ARARL3","Artemisia arbuscula Nutt. ssp. longicaulis Winward &
McArthur","little sagebrush","Asteraceae"
"ARARL","Artemisia arbuscula Nutt. ssp. longiloba (Osterhout) L. Shultz","little
sagebrush","Asteraceae"
"ARARL2","Artemisia arbuscula Nutt. var. longiloba (Osterhout) Dorn",">>Artemisia
arbuscula ssp. longiloba","Asteraceae"
"ARLO9","Artemisia longiloba (Osterhout) Beetle",">>Artemisia arbuscula
ssp. longiloba","Asteraceae"
"ARSPL","Artemisia spiciformis Osterhout var. longiloba Osterhout",">>Artemisia
arbuscula ssp. longiloba","Asteraceae"
"SEARL","Seriphidium arbusculum (Nutt.) W.A. Weber ssp. longilobum (Osterhout)
W.A. Weber",">>Artemisia arbuscula ssp. longiloba","Asteraceae"
"ARART","Artemisia arbuscula Nutt. ssp. thermopola Beetle","little
sagebrush","Asteraceae"
"ARAR9","Artemisia arctica Less.","boreal sagebrush","Asteraceae"
"ARARA2","Artemisia arctica Less. ssp. arctica","boreal sagebrush","Asteraceae"
"ARARS","Artemisia arctica Less. ssp. saxicola (Rydb.) Hultén",">>Artemisia
arctica ssp. arctica","Asteraceae"
"ARNOS4","Artemisia norvegica Fries ssp. saxatilis (Bess.) Hall &
Clements",">>Artemisia arctica ssp. arctica","Asteraceae"
"ARNOP","Artemisia norvegica Fries var. piceetorum Welsh & Goodrich",">>Artemisia
arctica ssp. arctica","Asteraceae"
"ARNOS3","Artemisia norvegica Fries var. saxatilis (Bess.) Jepson",">>Artemisia
arctica ssp. arctica","Asteraceae"
"ARARB","Artemisia arctica Less. ssp. beringensis (Hultén) Hultén","boreal
sagebrush","Asteraceae"
"ARARB2","Artemisia arctica Less. var. beringensis Hultén",">>Artemisia
arctica ssp. beringensis","Asteraceae"
"ARARC","Artemisia arctica Less. ssp. comata (Rydb.) Hultén","boreal
sagebrush","Asteraceae"
"ARCO22","Artemisia comata Rydb.",">>Artemisia arctica ssp.
comata","Asteraceae"
"ARNOC","Artemisia norvegica Fries var. comata (Rydb.) Welsh",">>Artemisia
arctica ssp. comata","Asteraceae"
"ARAR25","Artemisia argentea L'Her.","","Asteraceae"
"ARAU6","Artemisia aucheri Boiss.","","Asteraceae"
"ARAU3","Artemisia australis Less.","Oahu wormwood","Asteraceae"
"ARHI6","Artemisia hillebrandii Skottsberg",">>Artemisia
australis","Asteraceae"
"ARBI2","Artemisia biennis Willd.","biennial wormwood","Asteraceae"
"ARBIB","Artemisia biennis Willd. var. biennis","biennial wormwood","Asteraceae"
"ARBID","Artemisia biennis Willd. var. diffusa Dorn","biennial
wormwood","Asteraceae"
"ARBI3","Artemisia bigelovii Gray","Bigelow sage","Asteraceae"
"ARCA11","Artemisia californica Less.","coastal sagebrush","Asteraceae"
"ARCA12","Artemisia campestris L.","field sagewort","Asteraceae"
"ARCAB2","Artemisia campestris L. ssp. borealis (Pallas) Hall &
Clements","field sagewort","Asteraceae"
"ARCAB4","Artemisia campestris L. ssp. borealis (Pallas) Hall & Clements
var. borealis (Pallas) M.E. Peck","field sagewort","Asteraceae"
"ARBO4","Artemisia borealis Pallas",">>Artemisia campestris ssp. borealis
var. borealis","Asteraceae"
"ARBOP","Artemisia borealis Pallas ssp. purshii (Hook.) Hultén",">>Artemisia
campestris ssp. borealis var. borealis","Asteraceae"
"ARBOL","Artemisia borealis Pallas var. latisecta Fern.",">>Artemisia
campestris ssp. borealis var. borealis","Asteraceae"
"ARBOP2","Artemisia borealis Pallas var. purshii Hook.",">>Artemisia
campestris ssp. borealis var. borealis","Asteraceae"
"ARCAC9","Artemisia campestris L. ssp. canadensis (Michx.) Scoggan",">>Artemisia
campestris ssp. borealis var. borealis","Asteraceae"
"ARCAC10","Artemisia campestris L. var. canadensis (Michx.) Welsh",">>Artemisia
campestris ssp. borealis var. borealis","Asteraceae"
"ARCAP5","Artemisia campestris L. var. purshii (Hook.) Cronq.",">>Artemisia
campestris ssp. borealis var. borealis","Asteraceae"
"ARCA23","Artemisia canadensis Michx.",">>Artemisia campestris ssp.
borealis var. borealis","Asteraceae"
"ARRI6","Artemisia richardsoniana Bess.",">>Artemisia campestris ssp.
borealis var. borealis","Asteraceae"
"ARSP7","Artemisia spithamea Pursh",">>Artemisia campestris ssp. borealis
var. borealis","Asteraceae"
"OLGR2","Oligosporus groenlandicus (Hornem.) A.& D. Löve",">>Artemisia
campestris ssp. borealis var. borealis","Asteraceae"
"ARCAP4","Artemisia campestris L. ssp. borealis (Pallas) Hall & Clements
var. petiolata Welsh","field sagewort","Asteraceae"
"ARCAS5","Artemisia campestris L. ssp. borealis (Pallas) Hall & Clements
var. scouleriana (Hook.) Cronq.","field sagewort","Asteraceae"
"ARCAP2","Artemisia campestris L. ssp. pacifica (Nutt.) Hall & Clements",">>Artemisia
campestris ssp. borealis var. scouleriana","Asteraceae"
"ARCAD","Artemisia campestris L. var. douglasiana (Bess.) Boivin",">>Artemisia
campestris ssp. borealis var. scouleriana","Asteraceae"
"ARCAP3","Artemisia campestris L. var. pacifica (Nutt.) M.E. Peck",">>Artemisia
campestris ssp. borealis var. scouleriana","Asteraceae"
"ARCAS4","Artemisia campestris L. var. strutziae Welsh",">>Artemisia
campestris ssp. borealis var. scouleriana","Asteraceae"
"ARCA30","Artemisia camporum Rydb.",">>Artemisia campestris ssp. borealis
var. scouleriana","Asteraceae"
"ARPA28","Artemisia pacifica Nutt.",">>Artemisia campestris ssp. borealis
var. scouleriana","Asteraceae"
"ARRI7","Artemisia ripicola Rydb.",">>Artemisia campestris ssp. borealis
var. scouleriana","Asteraceae"
"OLCAP","Oligosporus campestris (L.) Cass. ssp. pacificus (Nutt.) W.A. Weber",">>Artemisia
campestris ssp. borealis var. scouleriana","Asteraceae"
"OLPA3","Oligosporus pacificus (Nutt.) Poljakov",">>Artemisia campestris
ssp. borealis var. scouleriana","Asteraceae"
"ARCAW","Artemisia campestris L. ssp. borealis (Pallas) Hall & Clements var.
wormskioldii (Bess. ex Hook.) Cronq.","field sagewort","Asteraceae"
"ARCAC13","Artemisia campestris L. ssp. campestris L. [excluded]","field
sagewort","Asteraceae"
"OLCA6","Oligosporus campestris (L.) Cass. [excluded]",">>Artemisia
campestris ssp. campestris","Asteraceae"
"ARCAC","Artemisia campestris L. ssp. caudata (Michx.) Hall &
Clements","field sagewort","Asteraceae"
"ARCAC11","Artemisia campestris L. var. caudata (Michx.) Palmer & Steyermark",">>Artemisia
campestris ssp. caudata","Asteraceae"
"ARCA24","Artemisia caudata Michx.",">>Artemisia campestris ssp.
caudata","Asteraceae"
"ARCAC3","Artemisia caudata Michx. var. calvens Lunell",">>Artemisia
campestris ssp. caudata","Asteraceae"
"ARFO3","Artemisia forwoodii S. Wats.",">>Artemisia campestris ssp.
caudata","Asteraceae"
"OLCAC","Oligosporus campestris (L.) Cass. ssp. caudatus (Michx.) W.A. Weber",">>Artemisia
campestris ssp. caudata","Asteraceae"
"OLCA5","Oligosporus caudatus Poljakov",">>Artemisia campestris ssp.
caudata","Asteraceae"
"ARCAG2","Artemisia campestris L. ssp. glutinosa (J. Gay ex Besser) Batt.","","Asteraceae"
"ARCA13","Artemisia cana Pursh","silver sagebrush","Asteraceae"
"ARCAB3","Artemisia cana Pursh ssp. bolanderi (Gray) G.H. Ward","silver
sagebrush","Asteraceae"
"ARBO5","Artemisia bolanderi Gray",">>Artemisia cana ssp.
bolanderi","Asteraceae"
"ARTRB","Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. bolanderi (Gray) Hall &
Clements",">>Artemisia cana ssp. bolanderi","Asteraceae"
"ARTRB2","Artemisia tridentata Nutt. var. bolanderi (Gray) McMinn",">>Artemisia
cana ssp. bolanderi","Asteraceae"
"SECAB","Seriphidium canum (Pursh) W.A. Weber ssp. bolanderi (Gray) W.A.
Weber",">>Artemisia cana ssp. bolanderi","Asteraceae"
"ARCAC5","Artemisia cana Pursh ssp. cana","silver sagebrush","Asteraceae"
"ARCAC12","Artemisia cana Pursh var. cana",">>Artemisia cana ssp.
cana","Asteraceae"
"SECA9","Seriphidium canum (Pursh) W.A. Weber",">>Artemisia cana ssp.
cana","Asteraceae"
"ARCAV2","Artemisia cana Pursh ssp. viscidula (Osterhout) Beetle","silver
sagebrush","Asteraceae"
"ARAR10","Artemisia argilosa Beetle",">>Artemisia cana ssp.
viscidula","Asteraceae"
"ARCAV","Artemisia cana Pursh var. viscidula Osterhout",">>Artemisia cana
ssp. viscidula","Asteraceae"
"SECAV","Seriphidium canum (Pursh) W.A. Weber ssp. viscidulum (Osterhout) W.A.
Weber",">>Artemisia cana ssp. viscidula","Asteraceae"
"ARCA14","Artemisia carruthii Wood ex Carruth.","Carruth's sagewort","Asteraceae"
"ARCAW2","Artemisia carruthii Wood ex Carruth. var. wrightii (Gray) Blake",">>Artemisia
carruthii","Asteraceae"
"ARKA4","Artemisia kansana Britt.",">>Artemisia carruthii","Asteraceae"
"ARCA44","Artemisia caucasica Willd.","","Asteraceae"
"ARCH15","Artemisia chamaemelifolia Vill.","","Asteraceae"
"ARCI8","Artemisia cina O. Berg & C. F. Schmidt","santonica","Asteraceae"
"ARDO3","Artemisia douglasiana Bess. ex Hook.","Douglas' sagewort","Asteraceae"
"ARVUH","Artemisia vulgaris L. ssp. heterophylla (Nutt.) Hall & Clements",">>Artemisia
douglasiana","Asteraceae"
"ARVUD","Artemisia vulgaris L. var. douglasiana (Bess. ex Hook.) St. John",">>Artemisia
douglasiana","Asteraceae"
"ARDR4","Artemisia dracunculus L.","tarragon","Asteraceae"
"ARDR5","Artemisia dracunculoides Pursh",">>Artemisia
dracunculus","Asteraceae"
"ARDRD","Artemisia dracunculoides Pursh var. dracunculina (S. Wats.) Blake",">>Artemisia
dracunculus","Asteraceae"
"ARDRG","Artemisia dracunculus L. ssp. glauca (Pallas ex Willd.) Hall &
Clements",">>Artemisia dracunculus","Asteraceae"
"ARDRG2","Artemisia dracunculus L. var. glauca (Pallas ex Willd.) Bess.",">>Artemisia
dracunculus","Asteraceae"
"ARGL12","Artemisia glauca Pallas ex Willd.",">>Artemisia
dracunculus","Asteraceae"
"ARGLD2","Artemisia glauca Pallas ex Willd. var. dracunculina (S. Wats.)
Fern.",">>Artemisia dracunculus","Asteraceae"
"OLDR","Oligosporus dracunculus (L.) Poljakov",">>Artemisia
dracunculus","Asteraceae"
"OLDRD","Oligosporus dracunculus (L.) Poljakov ssp. dracunculinus (S. Wats.) W.A.
Weber",">>Artemisia dracunculus","Asteraceae"
"OLDRG","Oligosporus dracunculus (L.) Poljakov ssp. glaucus (Pallas ex Willd.)
A.& D. Löve",">>Artemisia dracunculus","Asteraceae"
"ARFI2","Artemisia filifolia Torr.","sand sagebrush","Asteraceae"
"OLFI","Oligosporus filifolius (Torr.) W.A. Weber",">>Artemisia
filifolia","Asteraceae"
"ARFR3","Artemisia franserioides Greene","ragweed sagebrush","Asteraceae"
"ARFR4","Artemisia frigida Willd.","prairie sagewort","Asteraceae"
"ARFU4","Artemisia furcata Bieb.","forked wormwood","Asteraceae"
"ARFUF","Artemisia furcata Bieb. var. furcata","forked wormwood","Asteraceae"
"ARHY2","Artemisia hyperborea Rydb.",">>Artemisia furcata var.
furcata","Asteraceae"
"ARTA4","Artemisia tacomensis Rydb.",">>Artemisia furcata var.
furcata","Asteraceae"
"ARTR3","Artemisia trifurcata Steph. ex Spreng.",">>Artemisia furcata var.
furcata","Asteraceae"
"ARFUH","Artemisia furcata Bieb. var. heterophylla (Bess.) Hultén","forked
wormwood","Asteraceae"
"ARHE5","Artemisia heterophylla Bess.",">>Artemisia furcata var.
heterophylla","Asteraceae"
"ARGL8","Artemisia globularia Cham. ex Bess.","purple wormwood","Asteraceae"
"ARFL4","Artemisia flava Jurtzev",">>Artemisia globularia","Asteraceae"
"ARGLL","Artemisia globularia Cham. ex Bess. var. lutea Hultén",">>Artemisia
globularia","Asteraceae"
"ARGL9","Artemisia glomerata Ledeb.","Pacific alpine wormwood","Asteraceae"
"ARGLG","Artemisia glomerata Ledeb. var. glomerata","Pacific alpine
wormwood","Asteraceae"
"ARGLS","Artemisia glomerata Ledeb. var. subglabrata Hultén","Pacific alpine
wormwood","Asteraceae"
"ARGM","Artemisia gmelinii Webb ex Stechmann","Gmelin's wormwood","Asteraceae"
"ARSA19","Artemisia sacrorum Ledeb.",">>Artemisia gmelinii","Asteraceae"
"ARGO4","Artemisia gorgonum Webb","","Asteraceae"
"ARHE10","Artemisia herba-alba Asso","white wormwood","Asteraceae"
"ARKA3","Artemisia kauaiensis (Skottsberg) Skottsberg","Kauai
wormwood","Asteraceae"
"ARHIK","Artemisia hillebrandii Skottsberg var. kauaiensis Skottsberg",">>Artemisia
kauaiensis","Asteraceae"
"ARKR2","Artemisia krushiana Bess [excluded]","","Asteraceae"
"ARLA9","Artemisia laciniata Willd.","Siberian wormwood","Asteraceae"
"ARLA17","Artemisia laciniatiformis Komarov",">>Artemisia
laciniata","Asteraceae"
"ARLI2","Artemisia lindleyana Bess.","Columbia River wormwood","Asteraceae"
"ARPR7","Artemisia prescottiana Bess.",">>Artemisia
lindleyana","Asteraceae"
"ARLO7","Artemisia longifolia Nutt.","longleaf wormwood","Asteraceae"
"ARLU","Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.","white sagebrush","Asteraceae"
"ARLUA","Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. ssp. albula (Woot.) Keck","white
sagebrush","Asteraceae"
"ARAL14","Artemisia albula Woot.",">>Artemisia ludoviciana ssp.
albula","Asteraceae"
"ARLUA2","Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. var. albula (Woot.) Shinners",">>Artemisia
ludoviciana ssp. albula","Asteraceae"
"ARLUC8","Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. ssp. candicans (Rydb.) Keck","white
sagebrush","Asteraceae"
"ARCA28","Artemisia candicans Rydb.",">>Artemisia ludoviciana ssp.
candicans","Asteraceae"
"ARLUL","Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. var. latiloba Nutt.",">>Artemisia
ludoviciana ssp. candicans","Asteraceae"
"ARLUE","Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. ssp. estesii Chambers","white
sagebrush","Asteraceae"
"ARLUI2","Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. ssp. incompta (Nutt.) Keck","white
sagebrush","Asteraceae"
"ARIN6","Artemisia incompta Nutt.",">>Artemisia ludoviciana ssp.
incompta","Asteraceae"
"ARLUI","Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. var. incompta (Nutt.) Cronq.",">>Artemisia
ludoviciana ssp. incompta","Asteraceae"
"ARLUL2","Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. ssp. ludoviciana","white
sagebrush","Asteraceae"
"ARDI15","Artemisia diversifolia Rydb.",">>Artemisia ludoviciana ssp.
ludoviciana","Asteraceae"
"ARGN","Artemisia gnaphalodes Nutt.",">>Artemisia ludoviciana ssp.
ludoviciana","Asteraceae"
"ARHE6","Artemisia herriotii Rydb.",">>Artemisia ludoviciana ssp.
ludoviciana","Asteraceae"
"ARLUT","Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. ssp. typica Keck",">>Artemisia
ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana","Asteraceae"
"ARLUA3","Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. var. americana (Bess.) Fern.",">>Artemisia
ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana","Asteraceae"
"ARLUB","Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. var. brittonii (Rydb.) Fern.",">>Artemisia
ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana","Asteraceae"
"ARLUG","Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. var. gnaphalodes (Nutt.) Torr. &
Gray",">>Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana","Asteraceae"
"ARLUL3","Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. var. latifolia (Bess.) Torr. &
Gray",">>Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana","Asteraceae"
"ARLUP","Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. var. pabularis (A. Nels.) Fern.",">>Artemisia
ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana","Asteraceae"
"ARPA23","Artemisia pabularis (A. Nels.) Rydb.",">>Artemisia ludoviciana
ssp. ludoviciana","Asteraceae"
"ARPU12","Artemisia purshiana Bess.",">>Artemisia ludoviciana ssp.
ludoviciana","Asteraceae"
"ARVUL2","Artemisia vulgaris L. ssp. ludoviciana (Nutt.) Hall & Clements",">>Artemisia
ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana","Asteraceae"
"ARVUL3","Artemisia vulgaris L. var. ludoviciana (Nutt.) Kuntze",">>Artemisia
ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana","Asteraceae"
"ARLUM2","Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. ssp. mexicana (Willd. ex Spreng.)
Keck","white sagebrush","Asteraceae"
"ARLUM","Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. var. mexicana (Willd. ex Spreng.) Gray",">>Artemisia
ludoviciana ssp. mexicana","Asteraceae"
"ARME9","Artemisia mexicana Willd. ex Spreng.",">>Artemisia ludoviciana
ssp. mexicana","Asteraceae"
"ARNE11","Artemisia neomexicana Greene ex Rydb.",">>Artemisia ludoviciana
ssp. mexicana","Asteraceae"
"ARVUM","Artemisia vulgaris L. var. mexicana (Willd. ex Spreng.) Torr. &
Gray",">>Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. mexicana","Asteraceae"
"ARLUR","Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. ssp. redolens (Gray) Keck","white
sagebrush","Asteraceae"
"ARLUR2","Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. var. redolens (Gray) Shinners",">>Artemisia
ludoviciana ssp. redolens","Asteraceae"
"ARRE10","Artemisia redolens Gray",">>Artemisia ludoviciana ssp.
redolens","Asteraceae"
"ARLUS","Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. ssp. sulcata (Rydb.) Keck","white
sagebrush","Asteraceae"
"ARSU10","Artemisia sulcata Rydb.",">>Artemisia ludoviciana ssp.
sulcata","Asteraceae"
"ARMA20","Artemisia macrobotrys Ledeb.","Yukon wormwood","Asteraceae"
"ARMA27","Artemisia maritima L.","sea wormwood","Asteraceae"
"ARMA10","Artemisia mauiensis (Gray) Skottsberg","Maui wormwood","Asteraceae"
"ARMAD","Artemisia mauiensis (Gray) Skottsberg var. diffusa Skottsberg",">>Artemisia
mauiensis","Asteraceae"
"ARMI4","Artemisia michauxiana Bess.","Michaux's wormwood","Asteraceae"
"ARVUM2","Artemisia vulgaris L. ssp. michauxiana (Bess.) St. John",">>Artemisia
michauxiana","Asteraceae"
"ARNE6","Artemisia nesiotica Raven","island sagebrush","Asteraceae"
"ARCAI","Artemisia californica Less. var. insularis (Rydb.) Munz",">>Artemisia
nesiotica","Asteraceae"
"ARNO7","Artemisia norvegica Fries [excluded]","","Asteraceae"
"ARNO4","Artemisia nova A. Nels.","black sagebrush","Asteraceae"
"ARARN2","Artemisia arbuscula Nutt. ssp. nova (A. Nels.) G.H. Ward",">>Artemisia
nova","Asteraceae"
"ARARN","Artemisia arbuscula Nutt. var. nova (A. Nels.) Cronq.",">>Artemisia
nova","Asteraceae"
"ARNOD","Artemisia nova A. Nels. var. duchesnicola Welsh & Goodrich",">>Artemisia
nova","Asteraceae"
"ARTRN","Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. nova (A. Nels.) Hall & Clements",">>Artemisia
nova","Asteraceae"
"SENO","Seriphidium novum (A. Nels.) W.A. Weber",">>Artemisia
nova","Asteraceae"
"ARPA20","Artemisia packardiae J. Grimes & Ertter","Packard's
wormwood","Asteraceae"
"ARPA15","Artemisia palmeri Gray","San Diego sagewort","Asteraceae"
"ARPA16","Artemisia papposa Blake & Cronq.","Owyhee sage","Asteraceae"
"ARPA17","Artemisia parryi Gray","Parry's wormwood","Asteraceae"
"ARLAP","Artemisia laciniata Willd. ssp. parryi (Gray) W.A. Weber",">>Artemisia
parryi","Asteraceae"
"ARPA18","Artemisia pattersonii Gray","Patterson's wormwood","Asteraceae"
"ARPE6","Artemisia pedatifida Nutt.","birdfoot sagebrush","Asteraceae"
"OLPE","Oligosporus pedatifidus (Nutt.) Poljakov",">>Artemisia
pedatifida","Asteraceae"
"ARPO4","Artemisia pontica L.","Roman wormwood","Asteraceae"
"ARPO5","Artemisia porteri Cronq.","Porter's wormwood","Asteraceae"
"ARPY3","Artemisia pycnocephala (Less.) DC.","beach wormwood","Asteraceae"
"ARPY2","Artemisia pygmaea Gray","pygmy sagebrush","Asteraceae"
"SEPY","Seriphidium pygmaeum (Gray) W.A. Weber",">>Artemisia
pygmaea","Asteraceae"
"ARRI2","Artemisia rigida (Nutt.) Gray","scabland sagebrush","Asteraceae"
"ARTRR6","Artemisia trifida Nutt. var. rigida Nutt.",">>Artemisia
rigida","Asteraceae"
"SERI6","Seriphidium rigidum (Nutt.) W.A. Weber",">>Artemisia
rigida","Asteraceae"
"ARRO4","Artemisia rothrockii Gray","timberline sagebrush","Asteraceae"
"ARTRR3","Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. rothrockii (Gray) Hall &
Clements",">>Artemisia rothrockii","Asteraceae"
"ARTRR5","Artemisia tridentata Nutt. var. rothrockii (Gray) McMinn",">>Artemisia
rothrockii","Asteraceae"
"SERO4","Seriphidium rothrockii (Gray) W.A. Weber",">>Artemisia
rothrockii","Asteraceae"
"ARRU14","Artemisia rupestris L. [excluded]","","Asteraceae"
"ARRUR3","Artemisia rupestris L. ssp. rupestris L. [excluded]","","Asteraceae"
"ARSC4","Artemisia scoparia Waldst. & Kit.","redstem wormwood","Asteraceae"
"ARSC","Artemisia scopulorum Gray","alpine sagebrush","Asteraceae"
"ARSE5","Artemisia senjavinensis Bess.","arctic wormwood","Asteraceae"
"ARSE4","Artemisia serrata Nutt.","sawtooth wormwood","Asteraceae"
"ARST6","Artemisia stelleriana Bess.","oldwoman","Asteraceae"
"ARSU4","Artemisia suksdorfii Piper","coastal wormwood","Asteraceae"
"ARTH5","Artemisia thuscula Cav.","","Asteraceae"
"ARCA43","Artemisia canariensis (Besser) Less.",">>Artemisia
thuscula","Asteraceae"
"ARTI","Artemisia tilesii Ledeb.","Tilesius' wormwood","Asteraceae"
"ARTIE","Artemisia tilesii Ledeb. ssp. elatior (Torr. & Gray)
Hultén","Tilesius' wormwood","Asteraceae"
"AREL7","Artemisia elatior (Torr. & Gray) Rydb.",">>Artemisia tilesii
ssp. elatior","Asteraceae"
"ARTIE2","Artemisia tilesii Ledeb. var. elatior Torr. & Gray",">>Artemisia
tilesii ssp. elatior","Asteraceae"
"ARTIG","Artemisia tilesii Ledeb. ssp. gormanii (Rydb.) Hultén","Tilesius'
wormwood","Asteraceae"
"ARGO","Artemisia gormanii Rydb.",">>Artemisia tilesii ssp.
gormanii","Asteraceae"
"ARTIT","Artemisia tilesii Ledeb. ssp. tilesii","Tilesius' wormwood","Asteraceae"
"ARTIU2","Artemisia tilesii Ledeb. ssp. unalaschcensis (Bess.) Hultén","Tilesius'
wormwood","Asteraceae"
"ARHO11","Artemisia hookeriana Bess.",">>Artemisia tilesii ssp.
unalaschcensis","Asteraceae"
"ARTI4","Artemisia tilesii auct. non Ledeb. [misapplied]",">>Artemisia
tilesii ssp. unalaschcensis","Asteraceae"
"ARTIU","Artemisia tilesii Ledeb. var. unalaschcensis Bess.",">>Artemisia
tilesii ssp. unalaschcensis","Asteraceae"
"ARTR2","Artemisia tridentata Nutt.","big sagebrush","Asteraceae"
"ARTRP2","Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. parishii (Gray) Hall &
Clements","big sagebrush","Asteraceae"
"ARTRP3","Artemisia tridentata Nutt. var. parishii (Gray) Jepson",">>Artemisia
tridentata ssp. parishii","Asteraceae"
"SETRP","Seriphidium tridentatum (Nutt.) W.A. Weber ssp. parishii (Gray) W.A.
Weber",">>Artemisia tridentata ssp. parishii","Asteraceae"
"ARTRS2","Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. spiciformis (Osterhout) Kartesz &
Gandhi","big sagebrush","Asteraceae"
"ARSP8","Artemisia spiciformis Osterhout",">>Artemisia tridentata ssp.
spiciformis","Asteraceae"
"ARTRS3","Artemisia tridentata Nutt. var. spiciformis (Osterhout) Dorn",">>Artemisia
tridentata ssp. spiciformis","Asteraceae"
"ARTRT","Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. tridentata","basin big
sagebrush","Asteraceae"
"ARAN20","Artemisia angusta Rydb.",">>Artemisia tridentata ssp.
tridentata","Asteraceae"
"ARTRA2","Artemisia tridentata Nutt. var. angustifolia Gray",">>Artemisia
tridentata ssp. tridentata","Asteraceae"
"SETR4","Seriphidium tridentatum (Nutt.) W.A. Weber",">>Artemisia
tridentata ssp. tridentata","Asteraceae"
"ARTRV","Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. vaseyana (Rydb.) Beetle","mountain big
sagebrush","Asteraceae"
"ARTRP4","Artemisia tridentata Nutt. var. pauciflora Winward & Goodrich",">>Artemisia
tridentata ssp. vaseyana","Asteraceae"
"ARTRV2","Artemisia tridentata Nutt. var. vaseyana (Rydb.) Boivin",">>Artemisia
tridentata ssp. vaseyana","Asteraceae"
"ARVA2","Artemisia vaseyana Rydb.",">>Artemisia tridentata ssp.
vaseyana","Asteraceae"
"SETRV","Seriphidium tridentatum (Nutt.) W.A. Weber ssp. vaseyanum (Rydb.) W.A.
Weber",">>Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana","Asteraceae"
"SEVA","Seriphidium vaseyanum (Rydb.) W.A. Weber",">>Artemisia tridentata
ssp. vaseyana","Asteraceae"
"ARTRW8","Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. wyomingensis Beetle &
Young","Wyoming big sagebrush","Asteraceae"
"ARTRW","Artemisia tridentata Nutt. var. wyomingensis (Beetle & Young)
Welsh",">>Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis","Asteraceae"
"SETRW","Seriphidium tridentatum (Nutt.) W.A. Weber ssp. wyomingense (Beetle
& Young) W.A. Weber",">>Artemisia tridentata ssp.
wyomingensis","Asteraceae"
"ARTRX","Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. xericensis Winward ex R. Rosentreter
& R. Kelsey","big sagebrush","Asteraceae"
"ARTR4","Artemisia tripartita Rydb.","threetip sagebrush","Asteraceae"
"ARTRR2","Artemisia tripartita Rydb. ssp. rupicola Beetle","Wyoming threetip
sagebrush","Asteraceae"
"ARTRR4","Artemisia tripartita Rydb. var. rupicola (Beetle) Dorn",">>Artemisia
tripartita ssp. rupicola","Asteraceae"
"ARTRT2","Artemisia tripartita Rydb. ssp. tripartita","threetip
sagebrush","Asteraceae"
"ARTRT4","Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. trifida (Nutt.) Hall &
Clements",">>Artemisia tripartita ssp. tripartita","Asteraceae"
"ARTR8","Artemisia trifida Nutt.",">>Artemisia tripartita ssp.
tripartita","Asteraceae"
"SETR6","Seriphidium tripartitum (Rydb.) W.A. Weber",">>Artemisia
tripartita ssp. tripartita","Asteraceae"
"ARUM","Artemisia umbelliformis Lam.","Alps wormwood","Asteraceae"
"ARLA18","Artemisia laxa (Lam.) Fritsch",">>Artemisia
umbelliformis","Asteraceae"
"ARVU","Artemisia vulgaris L.","common wormwood","Asteraceae"
"ARVUC2","Artemisia vulgaris L. var. coarctata Forselles ex Besser",">>Artemisia
vulgaris","Asteraceae"
"ARVUK","Artemisia vulgaris L. var. kamtschatica Bess.","common
wormwood","Asteraceae"
"ARTIA","Artemisia tilesii Ledeb. var. aleutica (Hultén) Welsh",">>Artemisia
vulgaris var. kamtschatica","Asteraceae"
"ARUN2","Artemisia unalaskensis Rydb.",">>Artemisia vulgaris var.
kamtschatica","Asteraceae"
"ARUNA","Artemisia unalaskensis Rydb. var. aleutica Hultén",">>Artemisia
vulgaris var. kamtschatica","Asteraceae"
"ARVUV","Artemisia vulgaris L. var. vulgaris","common wormwood","Asteraceae"
"ARSE18","Artemisia selengensis Turcz. ex Bess.",">>Artemisia vulgaris
var. vulgaris","Asteraceae"
"ARVUG","Artemisia vulgaris L. var. glabra Ledeb.",">>Artemisia vulgaris
var. vulgaris","Asteraceae"
"ARVUL","Artemisia vulgaris L. var. latiloba Ledeb.",">>Artemisia vulgaris
var. vulgaris","Asteraceae"
"ARVUS","Artemisia vulgaris L. var. selengensis (Turcz. ex Bess.) Maxim.",">>Artemisia
vulgaris var. vulgaris","Asteraceae"
Contents of this page
Family: Asteraceae
Results of search for 'Blumea' in the Checklist of Plants of
Myanmar, U.S. National Herbarium, 6 Aug 2006.
• Blumea aromatica DC. Habit: Shrub. Distribution: Taninthayi. Common
Names: Ya-nat
• Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC. Habit: Small tree. Distribution:
Wide. Common Names: Phon-ma-thein, Shan camphor
• Blumea bifoliata (L.) DC. Habit: Herb. Distribution: Wide
• Blumea clarkei Hook. f. Cited as: Blumea elongata DC. Habit:
Shrub. Distribution: Taninthayi
• Blumea densiflora DC. Habit: Shrub. Distribution: Cultivated. Common
Names: Ngar camphor, Phon-mathein
• Blumea diffusa Kurz. Habit: Herb. Distribution: Reported from Myanmar
• Blumea fistulosa (Roxb.) Kurz. Cited as: Blumea glomerata
DC., Blumea nodiflora Hook. f. Habit: Herb. Distribution: Bago, Magway,
Taninthayi, Taninthayi, Taninthayi
• Blumea hieracifolia (D. Don) DC. Cited as: Blumea chinensis
DC., Blumea sericans Hook. f. Habit: Herb. Distribution: Kachin,
Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing, Unknown
• Blumea lacera (Burm. f.) DC. Habit: Herb. Distribution: Wide
• Blumea lanceolata (DC.) Warb. Cited as: Blumea myriocephala
DC. Habit: Herb. Distribution: Mon
• Blumea mollis (D. Don) Merr. Cited as: Blumea wightiana DC.
Habit: Herb. Distribution: Wide
• Blumea napifolia DC. Cited as: Blumea membranacea DC.,
Blumea membranacea var. viscosula Hook. Habit: Herb. Distribution:
Bago, Bago, Magway, Mandalay, Yangon
• Blumea oxyodonta DC. Habit: Herb. Distribution: Bago, Mandalay
• Blumea repanda (Roxb.) Hand.-Mazz. Cited as: Blumea procera
DC., Leveillea procera Vaniot. Habit: Herb. Distribution: Bago, Kachin,
Mon, Taninthayi
• Blumea riparia (Blume) DC. Habit: Herb. Distribution: Kachin
• Blumea sinuata (Lour.) Merr. Cited as: Blumea laciniata (Roxb.)
DC. Habit: Herb. Distribution: Wide
• Blumea virens DC. Habit: Shrub. Distribution: Wide. Common Names:
Kadu
USDA-NRCS
"BLUME","Blumea DC.","false oxtongue","Asteraceae"
"BLBA2","Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC.","ngai camphor","Asteraceae"
"BLLA3","Blumea lacera (Burman f.) DC.","blumea","Asteraceae"
"BLLA","Blumea laciniata (Roxb.) DC.","cutleaf false oxtongue","Asteraceae"
"BLSE2","Blumea sessiliflora Dcne.","sessileleaf false oxtongue","Asteraceae"
"BLVI","Blumea viscosa (P. Mill.) Badillo","clammy false oxtongue","Asteraceae"
Contents of this page
Family: Asteraceae
Results of search for 'Eclipta' in the Checklist of Plants
of Myanmar, U.S. National Herbarium, 6 Aug 2006.
• Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. Cited as: Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.
Habit: Herb. Distribution: Reported from Myanmar. Common Names: Kyeik-hman
USDA-NRCS
"ECLIP","Eclipta L.","eclipta","Asteraceae"
"ECPR","Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.","false daisy","Asteraceae"
"ECAL","Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk.",">>Eclipta prostrata","Asteraceae"
"ECER3","Eclipta erecta L.",">>Eclipta prostrata","Asteraceae"
Contents of this page
Results of search for 'Enhydra' in the Checklist of Plants
of Myanmar, U.S. National Herbarium, 9 Aug 2006.
• Enhydra fluctuans Lour. Habit: Herb. Distribution: Wide. Common
Names: Kana-hpaw
USDA-NRCS
- does not list Enhydra .
Contents of this page
Family: Asteraceae
Results of search for 'Eupatorium' in the Checklist of
Plants of Myanmar, U.S. National Herbarium, 7 Aug 2006.
• Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Robinson . Cited as:
Eupatorium odoratum L. Habit: Shrub. Distribution: Wide. Common Names:
Bezat, Bizat, Bizat, Jamani-chon, Jamani-chon
• Eupatorium cannabinum L. Habit: Shrub. Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago,
Kachin, Mon, Shan, Taninthayi, Yangon. Common Names: Bizat, Hkwe-thay-pan
• Eupatorium lindleyanum F. Newell. Habit: Shrub. Distribution: Chin.
Common Names: Bizat
USDA-NRCS
"EUAD2","Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng.",">>Ageratina
adenophora","Asteraceae"
"EUGL8","Eupatorium glandulosum Kunth, non Michx.",">>Ageratina
adenophora","Asteraceae"
"AGAL5","Ageratina altissima (L.) King & H.E. Robins.","white
snakeroot","Asteraceae"
"AGALA","Ageratina altissima (L.) King & H.E. Robins. var. altissima","white
snakeroot","Asteraceae"
"AGAL9","Ageratum altissimum L., non Eupatorium altissimum L.",">>Ageratina
altissima var. altissima","Asteraceae"
"EURU6","Eupatorium rugosum Houtt.",">>Ageratina altissima var.
altissima","Asteraceae"
"EURUC","Eupatorium rugosum Houtt. var. chlorolepis Fern.",">>Ageratina
altissima var. altissima","Asteraceae"
"EURUT","Eupatorium rugosum Houtt. var. tomentellum (B.L. Robins.) Blake",">>Ageratina
altissima var. altissima","Asteraceae"
"EURUV","Eupatorium rugosum Houtt. var. villicaule (Fern.) Blake",">>Ageratina
altissima var. altissima","Asteraceae"
"EUURT","Eupatorium urticifolium Reichard var. tomentellum B.L. Robins.",">>Ageratina
altissima var. altissima","Asteraceae"
"AGALA2","Ageratina altissima (L.) King & H.E. Robins. var. angustata (Gray)
Clewell & Woot.","white snakeroot","Asteraceae"
"EURUA","Eupatorium rugosum Houtt. var. angustata (Gray) Blake",">>Ageratina
altissima var. angustata","Asteraceae"
"AGALR","Ageratina altissima (L.) King & H.E. Robins. var. roanensis (Small)
Clewell & Woot.","white snakeroot","Asteraceae"
"EURO8","Eupatorium roanense Small",">>Ageratina altissima var.
roanensis","Asteraceae"
"EURUR","Eupatorium rugosum Houtt. var. roanense (Small) Fern.",">>Ageratina
altissima var. roanensis","Asteraceae"
"EUUR4","Eupatorium urticifolium Reichard",">>Ageratina altissima var.
roanensis","Asteraceae"
"AGAR4","Ageratina aromatica (L.) Spach","lesser snakeroot","Asteraceae"
"AGARA","Ageratina aromatica (L.) Spach var. aromatica","lesser
snakeroot","Asteraceae"
"EUAR7","Eupatorium aromaticum L.",">>Ageratina aromatica var.
aromatica","Asteraceae"
"EULA11","Eupatorium latidens Small",">>Ageratina aromatica var.
aromatica","Asteraceae"
"AGARI2","Ageratina aromatica (L.) Spach var. incisa (Gray) C.F. Reed","lesser
snakeroot","Asteraceae"
"EUARI3","Eupatorium aromaticum L. var. incisum Gray",">>Ageratina
aromatica var. incisa","Asteraceae"
"AGHA4","Ageratina havanensis (Kunth) King & H.E. Robins.","Havana
snakeroot","Asteraceae"
"EUHA5","Eupatorium havanense Kunth",">>Ageratina havanensis","Asteraceae"
"EUTE9","Eupatorium texense (Torr. & Gray) Rydb.",">>Ageratina
havanensis","Asteraceae"
"AGHE5","Ageratina herbacea (Gray) King & H.E. Robins.","fragrant
snakeroot","Asteraceae"
"EUHE7","Eupatorium herbaceum (Gray) Greene",">>Ageratina
herbacea","Asteraceae"
"AGJU2","Ageratina jucunda (Greene) Clewell & Woot.","hammock
snakeroot","Asteraceae"
"EUJU","Eupatorium juncundum Greene",">>Ageratina jucunda","Asteraceae"
"AGLE3","Ageratina lemmonii (B.L. Robins.) King & H.E. Robins.","Lemmon's
snakeroot","Asteraceae"
"EULE7","Eupatorium lemmonii B.L. Robins.",">>Ageratina
lemmonii","Asteraceae"
"AGLU","Ageratina luciae-brauniae (Fern.) King & H.E. Robins.","Lucy Braun's
snakeroot","Asteraceae"
"EULU3","Eupatorium luciae-brauniae Fern.",">>Ageratina
luciae-brauniae","Asteraceae"
"AGOC2","Ageratina occidentalis (Hook.) King & H.E. Robins.","western
snakeroot","Asteraceae"
"EUOC5","Eupatorium occidentale Hook.",">>Ageratina
occidentalis","Asteraceae"
"AGPA13","Ageratina paupercula (Gray) King & H.E. Robins.","Santa Rita
snakeroot","Asteraceae"
"EUPA10","Eupatorium pauperculum Gray",">>Ageratina
paupercula","Asteraceae"
"AGRE3","Ageratina resiniflua (Urban) King & H.E. Robins.","resinous
snakeroot","Asteraceae"
"EURE11","Eupatorium resinifluum Urban",">>Ageratina
resiniflua","Asteraceae"
"AGRI2","Ageratina riparia (Regel) King & H.E. Robins.","spreading
snakeroot","Asteraceae"
"EURI4","Eupatorium riparium Regel",">>Ageratina riparia","Asteraceae"
"AGRO5","Ageratina rothrockii (Gray) King & H.E. Robins.","Rothrock's
snakeroot","Asteraceae"
"EURO9","Eupatorium rothrockii Gray",">>Ageratina rothrockii","Asteraceae"
"AGSH2","Ageratina shastensis (Taylor & Stebbins) King & H.E.
Robins.","Shasta snakeroot","Asteraceae"
"EUSH","Eupatorium shastense Taylor & Stebbins",">>Ageratina
shastensis","Asteraceae"
"AGWR2","Ageratina wrightii (Gray) King & H.E. Robins.","Wright's
snakeroot","Asteraceae"
"EUWR3","Eupatorium wrightii Gray",">>Ageratina wrightii","Asteraceae"
Contents of this page
Cited in Agri.Dept.2000:
Compositae -- Achillea millefolium -- {hta.ri:hpweing:}
30-0775
Compositae -- Ageratum conyzoides -- {hkwé:thé:pan: (mo:kaung:)} {pan:ño}
14-0342
Compositae -- Ageratum conyzoides -- {ka.tu:hpo} 01-0022
Compositae -- Anacyclus pyrethrum -- {kwak-ka.ra} {kwut-ka.ra} 10-0239
Compositae -- Anisopappus novae anglica -- {mé-mro.pan:} 44-1157
Compositae -- Aretotis spp. -- {kyeing:toan°-pan:} 07-0161
Compositae -- Artemisia parbiflora -- {ngan:hsé:} 15-0388
Compositae -- Artemisia parvifloera -- {this-nan°keing:} 61-1641
Compositae -- Artemisia vulgaris -- {dau:na.} 31-0814
Compositae -- Carthamus tinctorious -- {hsu:pan:} 20-0507
Compositae -- Centipeda orbicularis -- {hkyé-hsut} {hsat-hsat-hkyé} 12-0312
Compositae -- Centipeda orbicularis -- {hsat-hsat-hkyé} {hkyé-hsat} 22-0557
Compositae -- Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium -- {hsé:gan~Da.ma} 20-0522
Compositae -- Chrysanthemum maximum -- {dé-si-hpu} 31-0812
Compositae -- Chrysanthemum morifolium -- {gan~Da.ma} 14-0361
Compositae -- Cichorium intybus -- {hi.ko-ri.} 12-0311
Compositae -- Coreopsis tinctoria -- {sain-hkrèý} 18-0473
Compositae -- Cosmos bipinnatus -- {mau-la.mreing-pan:} 44-1162
Compositae -- Cosmos sulphureus -- {mau-la.mreing-pan:} 44-1163
Compositae -- Dhlia Pinnata -- {dé-li-ya} 31-0813
Compositae -- Eclipta alba -- {krait-mhan} 09-0226
Compositae -- Enhydra fluctuans -- {ka.na.hpau.} 02-0034
Compositae -- Eupatorium odoratum -- {pi.sa.pa} {bi.zup} 35-0916
Compositae -- Eupatorium odoratum -- {tau:pi.sup} {tau:bi.sup} 26-0686
Compositae -- Gaillardia aristata -- {kya:myak-loan:} 06-0137
Compositae -- Grangea maderaspatana -- {tau:ma.Ño-loan°:} {ré-ta.swut} 27-0698
Compositae -- Guizotia abyssinica -- {pan:nham:} 38-1009
Compositae -- Helianthus annus -- {né-kra} 33-0860
Compositae -- Lactuca sativa -- {hsa.lat} 19-0495
Compositae -- Michelmas daisy -- {dé-si} 31-0811
Compositae -- Saussurea affinis -- {pan:nu.} 38-1008
Compositae -- Sphaeranthus peguansis -- {ko-tu.} 03-0077
Compositae -- Stevia rebaudiana -- {hsé:tha.kra:} 21-0534
Compositae -- Tagetes erecta -- {hkyis-ti:pan:} {kat~ti-pa-pan:} 31-0801
Compositae -- Tagetes erecta -- {kat-ti-pa-pan:wa} {htap-ta.ra-pan:} 04-0103
Compositae -- Tagetes patula -- {hkyis-ti:pan:} 13-0322
Compositae -- Tagetes patula -- {htup.ta.ra-pan: (pring-this)} 31-0800
Compositae -- Vernonia anthelminttca -- {zi-ra-nak (tau:)} 23-0582
Compositae -- Vernonia cinera -- {tha.ha.dé-wi} 58-1553
Compositae -- Vernonia cinerea -- {ka.tu:pran} 01-0021
Compositae -- Xanthium strumarium -- {krat} 09-0224
Compositae -- Xanthium strumarium -- {kup-sé:nè-ka-lé:} 05-0125
Compositae -- Zinnia elegans -- {htup-ta.ra-pan:} {zi-ni.ya} 31-0799
Contents of this page
Entry format: Botanical name / Family / Ref. Burmese-Myanmar
transcripts (• Agri.Dept.2000 :
• Chklist: • LSR : • FAO : • KS-TMN:
• Nagathein :
• UHM :/ Myanmar-Script Spelling (•
Official Myanmar Dictionaries : - TravPo-M-Dict - Myan-Engl-Dict - Myan-Ortho
/ Chklist data / Hindi /
Sanskrit / English common name used in Myanmar / Picture /
Plant identification characters / Distribution in Myanmar / Part
used and uses / Constituents /
End of TIL file
