E01.htm
Compiled by U Kyaw Tun (UKT), M.S. (I.P.S.T., U.S.A.), and staff of TIL (Tun Institute of Learning, http://www.tuninst.net ), from various sources. Prepared for students of TIL Computing and Language Center, Yangon, Myanmar. Not for sale.
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GramGloss-indx.htm
Contents of this page
Grammar Glossary - E
• EAP • editing • EFL • ellipsis • elliptical clause • emoticon • emotional appeal • emphasis • English writing style • ESOL • essay • essential element • ethical appeal • etymological dictionary • etymology • euphemism • evaluation • evidence • expletive • exposition
From UseE
EAP is an acronym for English for
Academic Purposes.
From LBH
A distinct step in revising a written work, focusing on clarity, tone, and correctness.
Compare • revising. (See pp. 60–63.)
From UseE
EFL is an acronym for English as a Foreign Language.
From LBH
The omission of a word or words from a quotation, indicated by the three spaced
periods of an ellipsis mark: "that all...are created equal."
In MLA style (Modern Language Association), an added ellipsis mark is surrounded by brackets:
"that all [...] are created equal." (See pp. 527–30.)
From LBH
A clause omitting a word or words whose meaning is understood from the rest of the clause:
David likes Minneapolis better than [he likes] Chicago. (See p. 278.)
From LBH
Sideways faces made up of punctuation, used to convey emotion or irony
in electronic communication. (See p. 196.)
UKT:
"Emoticon" is probably derived from "emotion"
and "icon". Think of a human face with eyes, a nose and a mouth lying sideways.
Because the face is lying sideways the two eyes can be represented by a colon;
the nose with a hyphen and the smiling or sad mouth by the closing or
opening parenthesis.
Happy face ☺ --> :-)
Sad face ☹ --> :(
See • appeals.
From LBH
The manipulation of words, sentences, and paragraphs to stress important ideas.
(See Chapter 23.)
From Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_writing_style 080606
An English writing style is a way of using the English language.
The style of a piece of writing is the way in which features of the language are used to convey meaning, typically but not always within the constraints of more widely accepted conventions of grammar and spelling.
An individual's writing style may be a very personal thing. Organizations that employ writers or commission written work from individuals may require that writers conform to a standardized style defined by the organization. This allows a consistent readability of composite works produced by many authors, and promotes usability of, for example, references to other cited works.
In many kinds of professional writing aiming for effective transfer of information, adherence to a standardised style of writing helps readers make sense of what the writer is presenting. Many standardised styles are documented in style guides. Some styles are more widely used, others restricted to a particular journal. Adherence to no particular style is also a style in its own right - some may think it undesirable, others not.
Personal styles
All writing has some style, even if the author is not thinking about the style.
It is important to understand that style reflects meaning. For instance, if a
writer wants to express a torrent of euphoria, he might write in a style
overflowing with expressive modifiers. Some writers use styles that are very
specific, for example in pursuit of an artistic effect. Stylistic rule-breaking
is exemplified by the poet E. E. Cummings, whose writing mainly uses only lower case letters.
See also
•
The Elements of Style, by William Strunk Jr. and
E. B. White, a well-known guide to American usage
•
Fowler's Modern English Usage, a well-known guide to
British English usage
•
List of frequently misused English words
• APA
style, American Psychological Association (APA) style - widely accepted
for research papers
•
MLA style manual, Modern Language Association's (MLA) style - most often
used in English studies, and literary criticism
From UseE
ESOL is an acronym for English for Speakers of Other Languages or
English as a Second or Other Language.
From LBH
A nonfiction composition on a single subject and with a central idea or thesis.
From LBH
A word or word group that is necessary to the meaning of a sentence because it
limits the thing it refers to: removing it would leave the meaning unclear or
too general. Also called a restrictive element,
an essential element is not set off by punctuation:
The keys to the car are on the table.
That man who called about the apartment said he'd try again tonight.
UKT: I've underlined the essential element in each sentence.
Contrast • nonessential element. (See pp. 473–75.)
See • appeals.
From LBH
An ethical appeal presents the writer as competent, sincere, and fair.
From UseE
An etymological dictionary traces a word's
development over time, giving historical examples to show changes.
From LBH
The history of a word's meanings and forms.
From UseE
An ETYMOLOGIST studies the origins of words, how their
meaning changes and develops over time and how they fall into disuse, etc.
From LBH
A presumably inoffensive word that a writer or speaker substitutes
for a word deemed possibly offensive or too blunt – for example:
passed beyond for "died."
(See p. 562.)
From UseE
A Euphemism is when you substitute language that is less direct and vague
for another that is considered to be harsh, blunt, or offensive.
When talking or writing about subjects that we find
embarrassing or unpleasant, we often use euphemisms; rather than say that
somebody has died, we might say that they 'have passed away'.
Some hospitals have 'Special Clinics', where sexually transmitted diseases are treated.
From LBH
A judgment of the quality, value, currency, bias, or other aspects of a work.
(See pp. 135–36, 667–72.)
From LBH
The facts, examples, expert opinions, and other information
that support the claims in an argument. (See pp. 146–50, 170–71.)
From LBH
A sentence that postpones the subject by beginning with there
or it and a form of the verb be :
It is impossible to get a ticket. There should be more seats available.
(See p. 288.)
From AHTD
n. 1. An exclamation or oath, especially one that is profane,
vulgar, or obscene. 2. a. A word or phrase that does not contribute any
meaning but is added only to fill out a sentence or a metrical line. b. A
word that stands in place of and anticipates a following word or phrase. In the
sentence There are many books on the table, the word there
functions as an expletive. adj. 1. Added or inserted in order to
fill out something, such as a sentence or a metrical line. [From Late Latin
explētīvus serving to fill out from Latin explētus,
past participle of explēreto fill out ex- ex- plēre to fill;
See pel …- 1 in Indo-European Roots.]
From LBH
Writing whose primary purpose is to explain something about a topic.
End of TIL file